鎽樿锛�鍥�?y脿n)妤ｎ樈I(y猫)姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ牁(l菒ng)鍩熺殑涓嶆柗鎿�(ku貌)澶у拰鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｇ敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)鐨勫揩閫熺櫦(f膩)灞�锛屼汉鍊戞湡鏈涙洿楂樺搧璩�(zh矛)鐨勬(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉锛屾墍浠ュ皪姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鐨勫伐浣滈€熷害鍜岀簿搴﹁姹傝秺渚嗚秺楂�銆傛(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鎺у埗鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐐哄(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)閫欎簺鍔熻兘鐨勬牳蹇冿紝鍏舵帶鍒跺晱椤屽崄鍒嗗京(f霉)闆�锛岃€岃粚璺¤窡韫ゆ帶鍒舵槸宸ユキ(y猫)姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鎺у埗鍟忛涓殑涓€鍊嬮噸瑕佹柟闈€€傛湰鏂囩郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勪粙绱瑰伐妤�(y猫)姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉杌岃贰璺熻工鎺у埗鍚勭ó绠楁硶锛屽PID鎺у埗锛岃嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎺у埗锛岃畩绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺у埗绛夌殑鐮旂┒鐝�(xi脿n)鐙€鑸囦富瑕侀€�(j矛n)灞曪紝骞跺皪鍏剁爺绌舵柟鍚戦€�(j矛n)琛屽睍鏈涖€�

1寮曡█

宸ユキ(y猫)姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鏄(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉澶у鏃忎腑鐨勪竴鍝�锛屾槸鎸囬潰鍚戝伐妤�(y猫)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鐨勶紝鏈夊鍊嬮棞(gu膩n)绡€(ji茅)鐨勬(j墨)姊版墜鎴栧鑷敱搴︾殑姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉锛屼竴鑸締瑾伐妤�(y猫)姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鐨勭祫鎴愰儴鍒嗕富瑕佹湁锛氭(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉姗�(j墨)姊版湰楂斻€佺敤浜庢帶鍒舵(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉宸ヤ綔鐨勬帶鍒跺櫒銆佺敤浜庨﹨(q奴)鍕曟(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鐨勪己鏈嶉﹨(q奴)鍕曠郴绲�(t菕ng)銆佺敤浜庢娓(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鍚勯爡(xi脿ng)鍙冩暩(sh霉)璁婂寲鐨勫偝鎰熻缃�銆傚畠鏄竴绋豢浜烘搷浣滅殑鑷嫊鍖栫敘(ch菐n)鍝侊紝鑳藉閫�(j矛n)琛岃嚜鍕曟帶鍒�锛屼篃鑳藉閫氶亷绶ㄧ▼渚嗗畬鎴愪笁缍┖闁撳収(n猫i)鐨勫悇椤炰换鍕�(w霉)銆傛(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉璁婃垚浜洪鐨勬柊鍨嬬敓鐢�(ch菐n)宸ュ叿鍚�锛屽湪鎻愬崌鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鏁堢巼锛屾笡绶╁嫗鍕曞挤(qi谩ng)搴�锛岃綁(zhu菐n)璁婄敓鐢�(ch菐n)褰㈠紡鍜屾妸浜洪寰炲嵄闅�(xi菐n)鎯″姡鐨勫伐浣滅挵(hu谩n)澧冧笅瑙ｆ斁鍑轰締绛夋柟闈紝椤ず鍑轰簡宸ㄥぇ鐨勫劒(y艒u)瓒婃€1]銆�

宸ユキ(y猫)姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鏄叿鏈夋檪(sh铆)璁婃€с€佸挤(qi谩ng)鑰﹀悎鎬�銆侀潪绶氭€х殑澶氳几鍏ヨ几鍑哄嫊鎱�(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽皪姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鐨勭簿纰烘帶鍒舵槸涓€鍊嬪崄鍒嗗京(f霉)闆滅殑鍟忛?锛孎(xi脿n)浠ｅ伐妤�(y猫)鐨勫揩閫熺櫦(f膩)灞曢渶瑕侀珮鍝佽唱(zh矛)鐨勬(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鐐轰箣鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛岃€屾(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鎺у埗鎶€琛�(sh霉)鏄(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)涓€绯诲垪鍔熻兘鐨勬牳蹇�锛屾槸褰遍熆姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鎬ц兘鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸甸儴鍒嗭紝鎺у埗鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍦ㄥ緢澶х▼搴︿笂鍒剁磩钁楁(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞�銆傛墍浠ユ湰鏂囪┏绱�(x矛)浠嬬垂姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鎺у埗鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛岄棥杩板悇鑷壒榛�(di菐n)锛屽苟灏嶆湭渚嗘帶鍒舵妧琛�(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛屽睍鏈涖€�

2姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鎺у埗鎶€琛�(sh霉)

姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鎺у埗鐞嗚珫鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曞ぇ鎶电稉(j墨ng)姝蜂簡鍌崇当(t菕ng)鎺у埗銆佺従(xi脿n)浠ｆ帶鍒跺拰鏅鸿兘鎺у埗涓夊€嬮殠娈�銆傚偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬帶鍒剁悊璜栦富瑕佸寘鎷琍ID鎺у埗銆佸墠楗嬫帶鍒�銆佽▓(j矛)绠楀姏鐭╂硶绛夛紱鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｆ帶鍒剁悊璜栦富瑕佸寘鎷妫掓帶鍒�銆佽畩绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺у埗绛夛紱鏅鸿兘鎺у埗涓昏鍖呮嫭妯＄硦鎺у埗銆佺缍�(j墨ng)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鎺у埗銆侀伜鍌崇畻娉曟帶鍒�銆佸厤鐤畻娉曟帶鍒躲€佽嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎺у埗銆佽凯浠ｅ(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鎺у埗绛夌瓑銆�

2.1PID鎺у埗

PID鎺у埗鏂规硶鏄渶鍏堢櫦(f膩)灞曡捣渚嗙殑鎺у埗鏂规硶锛屽洜?y脿n)妯楊弨涔冩兇锚鍠寸顑岄槍瓒�?sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)锛岄妫掓€у拰鍙潬鎬уソ寰炶€屽緱鍒版櫘閬嶇殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢╗2]銆傜劧鑰屽湪浣跨敤娆℃柟娉曟檪(sh铆)涓昏鏈夊叐鍊嬬己榛�(di菐n):鈶犲皪绯荤当(t菕ng)妯″瀷涓殑涓嶇⒑瀹氭€у晱椤岄洠浠ヨ檿鐞�,寰堥洠浣挎(j墨)姊拌噦鍏峰倷鑹ソ鐨勫嫊鎱�(t脿i)鍜岄潨鎱�(t脿i)鍝佽唱(zh矛)鈶℃(j墨)姊拌噦鑳藉缍�(j墨ng)鍙楃殑鏈€澶у姏鐭╂槸鏈夐檺鐨勶紝鐣�(d膩ng)鎺у埗鍣ㄥ垵濮嬬殑杓稿嚭鍔涚煩閬庡ぇ鏅�(sh铆),澧炲ぇ鍏舵帶鍒剁郴鏁�(sh霉)锛岄€�(j矛n)涓€姝ユ彁楂樼郴绲�(t菕ng)鎬ц兘鐨勬柟娉曟渻鏈夐檺鍒躲€�

闅ㄨ憲瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍜屾櫤鑳芥帶鍒剁悊璜栫殑鐧�(f膩)灞�锛屽厛閫�(j矛n)鐨勬櫤鑳絇ID鎺у埗绛栫暐鐩哥辜琚彁鍑猴紝鐐哄京(f霉)闆滃嫊鎱�(t脿i)涓嶇⒑瀹氭(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬帶鍒舵彁渚涗簡鏂扮殑閫斿緫[3]銆侹uc绛塠4]鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绋嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)PID鎺у埗鏂规硶,瑭叉帶鍒跺櫒鐢卞弽楗嬬挵(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)鐨勮嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)PID鍜屽墠楗嬮儴鍒嗙殑杓稿叆瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)绛栫暐绲勬垚銆傚湪鍒濆闅庢锛屽弽楗嬫帶鍒跺櫒浣挎(j墨)姊拌噦鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐬厠(t脿i)闊挎噳(y墨ng)绌�(w臎n)瀹�,鐒跺悗鍓嶉鎺у埗鍣ㄨ▓(j矛)绠楁湡鏈涢﹨(q奴)鍕曞姏瑁�(b菙)鍎熺郴绲�(t菕ng)闈炵窔鎬у嫊鍔涘(xu茅),鑸囧偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勮嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)PID鎺у埗鏂规硶閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡姣旇純,瑭﹂(y脿n)绲�(ji茅)鏋滈’绀轰簡鍦ㄦ墍鏈夎宸俊铏熸湁鐣岀殑鏅�(sh铆),閫欏€嬪(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鑳藉鏇村ソ鍦板(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)杌岃贰璺熻工銆傜帇鏈冩柟绛塠5]閲濆皪涓嶇⒑瀹氭(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勮粚璺¤窡韫ゆ帶鍒跺晱椤�,瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)浜嗕竴绋妫掕嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)PID鎺у埗绠楁硶锛岃┎绛栫暐浠ID鎺у埗鐐哄熀绀�(ch菙)锛屽熀浜庢粦妯℃帶鍒舵€濇兂锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)浜嗘牴鎿�(j霉)瑾ゅ樊瀵�(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)淇敼PID鍙冩暩(sh霉)鐨勮嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)寰嬶紝骞跺埄鐢ㄥ熀浜嶭yapunov鍑芥暩(sh霉)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐨勭洠(ji膩n)鐫ｆ帶鍒跺櫒瑁�(b菙)鍎熻嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)PID鎺у埗鍣ㄨ垏鐞嗘兂鎺у埗鍣ㄤ箣闁撶殑宸暟锛屽緸鑰屼娇绯荤当(t菕ng)鍏锋湁瑷�(sh猫)瀹氱殑H∞璺熻工鎬ц兘銆�

PID鎺у埗鏂规硶闆栫劧绨℃槗闈堟椿,浣嗙敱浜庡叾鑷韩鐨勫紛绔強姗�(j墨)姊拌噦鐨勫悇绋笉纰哄畾鎬�,鐩墠瑷卞瀛�(xu茅)鑰呴€氶亷绲�(ji茅)鍚堣嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)鐨勬兂娉�,瑙ｆ焙绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勪笉纰哄畾鎬�,鍏嬫湇PID鎺у埗鐨勭己榛�(di菐n),寰炶€屽緱鍒拌壇濂界殑鍕曟厠(t脿i)鍜岄潨鎱�(t脿i)鎬ц兘銆�

2.2璁婄祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺у埗

鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｆ帶鍒剁悊璜栨柟闈富瑕佺殑鎺у埗绠楁硶鏄互榄鎺у埗绠楁硶銆佹粦妯¤畩绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺у埗绠楃瓑鐐轰唬琛�锛屽皣鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｆ帶鍒剁悊璜栫殑鎬濇兂寮曞叆姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鎺у埗闋�(l菒ng)鍩燂紝缍�(j墨ng)閬庡骞寸殑鐧�(f膩)灞�锛屽凡缍�(j墨ng)鍙栧緱浜嗘サ澶х殑閫�(j矛n)灞曘€�

璁婄祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺у埗鏄竴绋壒娈婄殑闈炵窔鎬ф帶鍒�锛岃兘澶犲湪鍕曟厠(t脿i)閬庣▼鐣�(d膩ng)涓紝鎸夌収绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭暥(d膩ng)鍓嶇媭鎱�(t脿i)鏈夌洰鐨勬€ф敼璁�锛屼娇绯荤当(t菕ng)鑳藉鏍规摎(j霉)闋�(y霉)鍏堣ō(sh猫)瀹氱殑“婊戝嫊妯℃厠(t脿i)”鐨勭媭鎱�(t脿i)杌岃贰閬�(y霉n)鍕曪紝鏁呭張绋辫畩绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺у埗鐐烘粦妯¤畩绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺у埗銆傛鎺у埗绛栫暐灏嶇郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勯潪绶氭€х▼搴︺€佸弮鏁�(sh霉)鏅�(sh铆)璁婅(gu墨)寰嬪拰澶栭儴鎿惧嫊绛変笉闇€瑕侀潪甯哥簿纰虹殑鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)妯″瀷锛屽彧闋堢煡閬撳畠鍊戠殑璁婂寲鑼冨湇锛屽氨鍙互灏嶇郴绲�(t菕ng)閫�(j矛n)琛岀簿纰虹殑杌岃贰璺熻工銆傛槸浠ヨ畩绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺у埗鍏峰倷蹇€熼熆鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽皪鍙冩暩(sh霉)璁婂寲鍜屽閮ㄦ摼鍕曚笉鏁忔劅锛屼笉鐢ㄥ湪绶氳鲸璀樼郴绲�(t菕ng)鍙冩暩(sh霉)锛岀墿鐞嗗(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)绨″柈绛夌壒榛�(di菐n)[6]銆傚洜?y脿n)闂凜(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉绯荤当(t菕ng)鏈韩灏辨槸闈炵窔鎬х郴绲�(t菕ng)锛岃€屼笖閭勬湁瑷卞涓嶅彲闋�(y霉)鐭ョ殑骞叉摼绛�锛屾墍浠ユ渶杩戝咕骞翠互渚嗭紝姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鎺у埗鍟忛灏辨垚鐐轰簡璁婄祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺у埗鐞嗚珫涓昏鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑闋�(l菒ng)鍩熶箣涓€[7]銆傛枃鐛�(xi脿n)[8]绗竴娆￠伕鐢ㄦ粦妯℃帶鍒舵柟娉�锛屽皪浜岃嚜鐢卞害姗�(j墨)鍣ㄨ噦瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)浜嗚畩绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺у埗鍣紝瑭﹂(y脿n)绲�(ji茅)鏋滆瓑鏄庝簡姝ゆ柟娉曞彲浠ヨ窡韫ゆ檪(sh铆)璁婃湡鏈涜粚璺�銆�

瑭叉柟娉曟湁鍏惰嚜韬殑寮婄锛屽洜?y脿n)妤�?d膩ng)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)杌岃贰鍒伴仈(d谩)婊戞ā闈㈠悗,寰炲毚(y谩n)鏍兼剰缇╀笂渚嗚瑳锛屽緢闆ｆ部钁楁粦鍕曢潰鍚戣憲骞宠　榛�(di菐n)婊戝嫊,鑰屾槸鍦ㄦ粦妯￠潰涓婁笅鍋�(c猫)寰€杩旂┛瓒�,鏈冪敘(ch菐n)鐢熸姈鎸紝褰遍熆绯荤当(t菕ng)鎺у埗銆傛枃鐛�(xi脿n)[8]鍦ㄦ粦鍕曟ā鎱�(t脿i)鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)閬庣▼涓紝寮曞叆“閭婄晫灞�”鍜�“婧�(zh菙n)婊戝嫊妯℃厠(t脿i)”鐨勬兂娉�锛岀敤椋藉拰鍑芥暩(sh霉)渚嗘浛鎻涘垏鎻涘嚱鏁�(sh霉)锛屽湪閭婄晫灞ょ殑鍏�(n猫i)閮�锛屽叾鐐洪€ｇ簩(x霉)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鐨勫弽楗嬫帶鍒讹紝鍦ㄩ倞鐣屽堡澶栭儴锛岄噰鐢ㄦ甯哥殑婊戞ā鎺у埗锛屾湁鏁堢殑娓涚珐浜嗘姈鍕�銆傝繎骞翠締瑷卞瀛�(xu茅)鑰呮彁鍑烘粦妯℃帶鍒惰垏妯＄硦鎺у埗銆佺缍�(j墨ng)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鎺у埗绛夋柟娉曠浉绲�(ji茅)鍚堬紝渚嗘秷闄ゆ(j墨)姊拌噦鎺у埗杓稿叆鐨勬姈鎸晱椤�銆侻agdy[9]閲囩敤鑷仼鎳�(y墨ng)妯＄硦鎺у埗鑸囨粦?锛熷垈钁″槦Y(ji茅)鍚�,灏嶅洜涓嶇⒑瀹氬洜绱犵敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑楂橀牷淇¤€屽皫(d菐o)鑷寸殑鎶栨尟,妯＄硦鎺у埗鎻愪緵浜嗚В姹洪€欎簺鍟忛鐨勬湁鏁堥€斿緫銆�

姝ゅ,閭勬彁鍑轰簡涓€浜涙柊鐨勬粦妯℃帶鍒舵柟寮�锛屽鍩轰簬婵炬尝鍣ㄧ殑婊戞ā鎺у埗浠ュ強鍩轰簬骞叉摼浼拌▓(j矛)鐨勬粦?锛熷垈棰戝彇锛涱儫锛熷垈鎾囧憲鐮稿憖?j墨ng)琚唬娉涚殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ埌浜嗘(j墨)姊拌噦鐨勮粚璺¤窡韫ら牁(l菒ng)鍩�銆備汉鍊戜笉鍍呭埄鐢ㄥ悇绋櫤鑳界畻娉曚締娑堥櫎婊戞ā鎺у埗鎶栨尟鍟忛,閭勫槜瑭︽柊鐨勬粦妯￠潰鍜屾帶鍒舵柟娉�,瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗘洿濂界殑杌岃贰璺熻工鎬ц兘銆�

2.3鑷仼鎳�(y墨ng)鎺у埗

鑷仼鎳�(y墨ng)鎺у埗灏辨槸閫氶亷瀵�(sh铆)闅涚郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬€ц兘鎸囨(bi膩o)鑸囩郴绲�(t菕ng)瑕�(gu墨)瀹氱殑鎬ц兘鎸囨(bi膩o)浣滄瘮杓冿紝鐢ㄦ鐛插緱鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)渚嗕慨姝ｆ帶鍒跺櫒鍙冩暩(sh霉)鎴栨帶鍒跺緥锛屼娇绯荤当(t菕ng)鍙互淇濇寔鍦ㄦ渶鍎�(y艒u)鎴栨鍎�(y艒u)鐨勫伐浣滅媭鎱�(t脿i)銆傜暥(d膩ng)琚帶灏嶈薄鐨勫嫊鍔涘(xu茅)妯″瀷鍙冩暩(sh霉)鐧�(f膩)鐢熻畩鍖�锛岃嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎺у埗鐜囧彲浠ラ€氶亷鍙婃檪(sh铆)鐨勮鲸璀樸€佸(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍜岃(di脿o)鏁�锛岄仈(d谩)鍒颁竴瀹氱殑鎬ц兘鎸囨(bi膩o)锛屼笖涓嶉渶瑕佺煡閬撴湭鐭ュ弮鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫厛椹�(y脿n)淇℃伅锛屽洜姝ゅ湪姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉闋�(l菒ng)鍩熷彇寰楀埌浜嗘櫘閬嶆噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€傛枃鐛�(xi脿n)[10]閫氶亷鍒╃敤姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)妯″瀷涓潪绶氭€ч爡(xi脿ng)鍙冩暩(sh霉)鍖栫殑鐗规€�锛屽緱鍒颁簡鑳藉淇濋殰绯荤当(t菕ng)鍏ㄥ眬婕搁€�(j矛n)绌�(w臎n)瀹氱殑鎺у埗鏂规硶銆傛枃鐛�(xi脿n)[11]閬哥敤绶氭€ц繎浼煎寲鏂瑰紡锛岄€氶亷姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勭窔鎬у寲鑸囨ā鍨嬪弮鑰冭嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎺у埗鐩哥祼(ji茅)鍚堜締瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鎺у埗鍣ㄣ€傛枃鐛�(xi脿n)[12]瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)浜嗕竴绋熀浜庢ā鍨嬬殑榄鑷仼鎳�(y墨ng)鎺у埗鏂规硶锛屾鎺у埗鏂规硶鐒￠渶绯荤当(t菕ng)鍙冩暩(sh霉)绶╂參璁婂寲锛屼篃鐒￠渶宸茬煡鏄綍绋湭鐭ュ弮鏁�(sh霉)锛屽彧瑕佺煡閬撴(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉妯″瀷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼究浜庢帶鍒跺櫒鐨勫(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)銆�

浣嗚嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎺у埗灏嶄簬瀵�(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湁鍤�(y谩n)鏍肩殑瑕佹眰锛屽叾瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)涔熻純寰�(f霉)闆�锛屽弮鏁�(sh霉)绐佽畩涔熷父鏈冪牬澹炴帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€э紱鍙冩暩(sh霉)鐨勬敹鏂傜壒鎬т竴鑸姹傛湁瓒冲鐨勬寔绾�(x霉)婵€鍕�锛屼絾鍦ㄥ(sh铆)闅涙儏娉佷腑鍙堝緢闆ｆ豢瓒虫姊濅欢锛屾墍浠ラ€氬父鏈冩妸鑷仼鎳�(y墨ng)鎺у埗鑸囧叾瀹冧竴浜涚畻娉曠祼(ji茅)鍚堜娇鐢�锛屽榄鑷仼鎳�(y墨ng)鎺у埗銆佹粦妯¤嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎺у埗銆佹ā绯婅嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎺у埗绛夈€�

2.4鍏跺畠鎺у埗鏂规硶

杩戝勾渚�锛屼汉宸ユ櫤鑳芥妧琛�(sh霉)鏈変簡杓冨ぇ鐨勯€�(j矛n)姝ワ紝骞舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉闋�(l菒ng)鍩�銆傛櫤鑳芥帶鍒跺湪绯荤当(t菕ng)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)閬庣▼涓笉鍐嶄緷璩翠簬鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)妯″瀷锛屾摵鑴潪绶氭€х殑鐨勬潫绺�锛屽悓閫�(j矛n)涔熺偤瑙ｆ焙涓嶇⒑瀹氭€ф(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉杌岃贰鎺у埗鍟忛鎻愪緵浜嗘柊鐨勬墜娈碉紝鍏锋湁宸ㄥぇ鐨勭悊璜栧児(ji脿)鍊煎拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ墠鏅�銆傚湪杌岃贰璺熻工鎺у埗鍟忛涓婏紝涓昏鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑鏄ā绯婃帶鍒禰13.14]鍜岀缍�(j墨ng)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鎺у埗[15]銆傛ā绯婃帶鍒舵槸鍒╃敤灏堝鐨勬帶鍒剁稉(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)渚嗗綄瑁�(b菙)姗�(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉鍕曟厠(t脿i)鐗规€т腑闈炵窔鎬у拰涓嶇⒑瀹氱瓑涓嶅埄鍥犵礌锛岀劇闇€渚濊炒灏嶈薄鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)妯″瀷锛屽叿鍌欏緢寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勯妫掓€�銆傛ā绯婃帶鍒惰嚜韬篃鏈変簺瑷变笉瓒充箣铏�锛屽缍滃悎瀹氶噺鐭ヨ瓨鐨勮兘鍔涗笉濂�锛屾帶鍒惰(gu墨)鍓囧拰闅稿爆鍑芥暩(sh霉)涓€鏃︾⒑瀹氫簡锛屽氨鐒℃硶閫�(j矛n)琛屼慨姝�锛屾晠闄愬埗浜嗗畠鐨勮嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)鑳藉姏锛屼笖妯＄硦瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩殑寤虹珛鏄竴鍊嬪崄鍒嗘鎵嬬殑鍟忛锛屾帶鍒舵晥鏋滈€氬父鎯呮硜涓嬪緢涓嶇悊鎯炽€傜缍�(j墨ng)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鎺у埗鏂规硶鐨勫湪绶氬(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍔熻兘锛屼娇鍏跺湪闈㈠皪鍚勭ó骞叉摼鍜屾ā鍨嬭宸笂閮藉叿鏈夎壇濂界殑榄鎬э紝鍦ㄩ潪绶氭€х郴绲�(t菕ng)鎺у埗鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑瓒婁締瓒婂彈閲嶈銆備絾涔熸槸鍥�?y脿n)姒囦笣鍒傛拠鍛楀瓡鏋邦€宠鈧垨闆㈢窔瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)锛屽崰鎿�(j霉)寰堝绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勮硣婧�锛屾渻浣块亱(y霉n)鍕曟帶鍒剁殑瀵�(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鎬у毚(y谩n)閲嶉檷浣庛€傚湪涓€浜涙枃鐛�(xi脿n)[16,17]涓�锛岄€氬父灏囬€欏叐绋帶鍒舵柟娉曠祼(ji茅)鍚堣捣渚嗘噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬闈炵窔鎬х郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬帶鍒讹紝鍏舵寚灏�(d菐o)鎬濇兂鏄€氶亷绁炵稉(j墨ng)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勫(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鑳藉姏渚嗗畬鎴愯(di脿o)鏁存ā绯婃帶鍒剁殑鐩殑锛岄€欐ǎ涓嶅儏浣垮緱妯＄硦鎺у埗鍏锋湁涓€瀹氱殑鑷仼鎳�(y墨ng)鑳藉姏锛岃€屼笖涔熶娇绁炵稉(j墨ng)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐛插緱浜嗘帹鐞嗘绱嶈兘鍔�銆�

3瑷庤珫鑸囧睍鏈�

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4绲�(ji茅)鏉熻獮

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