鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 涓湅(gu贸)鍌冲嫊(d貌ng)缍�(w菐ng) > 鎶€琛�(sh霉)闋婚亾 > 鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ柟妗� > 鍩轰簬Smith妯＄硦PID鎺у埗绠楁硶鐨勬彌鐔辩珯婧害鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭爺绌�

鍩轰簬Smith妯＄硦PID鎺у埗绠楁硶鐨勬彌鐔辩珯婧害鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭爺绌�

鏅�(sh铆)闁擄細2012-11-09 17:27:14渚嗘簮锛氱緟鑾�

灏�(d菐o)瑾烇細?閲濆皪(du矛)鎻涚啽绔欐韩搴︽帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鏅�(sh铆)璁婃€�銆佸ぇ婊悗鎬�锛岀爺绌朵簡Smith妯＄硦PID鎺у埗鏂规硶銆傝┎鎺у埗鏂规硶鍒╃敤浜哠mith闋�(y霉)浼扮畻娉曞厠鏈嶇磾婊悗锛屽埄鐢ㄦā绯婃帶鍒舵彁楂樼郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勯妫掓€э紝鍒╃敤PID鎺у埗鎻愰珮绌�(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)绮惧害銆傞噰鐢╯imulink閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡浠跨湡鐮旂┒锛岀祼(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄嶴mith妯＄硦PID鎺у埗鍣ㄥ叿鏈夎壇濂界殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰榄鎬�銆傚(sh铆)闅涢亱(y霉n)琛岀祼(ji茅)鏋滀篃琛ㄦ槑锛屽皪(du矛)浜庡ぇ婊悗鐨勬彌鐔辩珯婧害鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鏄竴绋(sh铆)鐢ㄨ€岀啊(ji菐n)渚跨殑鎺у埗鏂规硶

闅ㄨ憲缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鍜岀ぞ鏈�(hu矛)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曚互鍙婁汉姘戠敓娲绘按骞崇殑鎻愰珮锛屼汉鍊戝皪(du矛)鍩烘湰鐢熸椿姘村钩鐨勮姹傝秺渚嗚秺楂�銆備綔鐐轰汉姘戝熀鏈敓娲昏姹備箣涓€鐨勫啲瀛ｉ噰鏆�锛屼篃瓒婁締瓒婂彈鍒颁汉鍊戠殑闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄣ€傛垜鍦�(gu贸)鐨勫煄甯傞泦涓緵鐔辩湡姝ｈ捣姝ユ槸寰�50骞翠唬闁嬪鐨�銆傞花鐨勫崄涓€灞嗕笁涓叏鏈�(hu矛)鍚�锛岀壒鍒ユ槸鍦�(gu贸)鍕�(w霉)闄�1986骞翠笅鐧�(f膩)銆婇棞(gu膩n)浜庡姞寮�(qi谩ng)鍩庡競闆嗕腑渚涚啽绠＄悊宸ヤ綔鐨勫牨(b脿o)鍛娿€�锛屽皪(du矛)鎴戝湅(gu贸)鐨勯泦涓緵鐔卞(sh铆)妤�(y猫)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曡捣鍒版サ澶х殑鎺ㄥ嫊(d貌ng)浣滅敤銆備綔鐐洪泦涓緵鐔辩郴绲�(t菕ng)涓殑閲嶈鐠�(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)锛屾彌鐔辩珯鍦ㄦ暣鍊�(g猫)渚涚啽绯荤当(t菕ng)涓捣鍒颁簡鑸夎冻杓曢噸鐨勪綔鐢�銆備絾鏄垜鍦�(gu贸)鐝�(xi脿n)琛岀殑鎻涚啽绔欓亱(y霉n)琛岀鐞嗕粛铏曚簬鎵嬪伐鎿嶄綔闅庢锛屽ぇ閮ㄥ垎渚濋潬缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)渚嗛€�(j矛n)琛屾韩搴﹁(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)锛屽奖闊夸簡闆嗕腑渚涚啽鍎�(y艒u)瓒婃€х殑鍏呭垎鐧�(f膩)鎻€�

鎻涚啽绔欐韩搴︿富瑕佺壒榛�(di菐n)鏄檪(sh铆)璁婃€�銆佸ぇ婊悗鎬�锛屽皪(du矛)浜庡ぇ婊悗绯荤当(t菕ng)锛孭ID鎺у埗鏁堟灉骞朵笉濂斤紝闇€瑕佸彟鍔犺(b菙)鍎�锛屽洜姝ゆ彁鍑轰簡Smith闋�(y霉)浼拌(b菙)鍎熸帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)銆傝€� Smith 闋�(y霉)浼扮畻娉曞墖鍦ㄦā鍨嬪尮閰嶆檪(sh铆)鍏锋湁濂界殑鎬ц兘鎸囨(bi膩o) ,浣嗘槸鐢变簬閫欑ó绠楁硶鍤�(y谩n)閲嶄緷璩存ā鍨嬬殑绮剧⒑鍖归厤 ,鑰屽湪瀵�(sh铆)闅涗腑閫欐槸寰堥洠鍋氬埌鐨� ,鐗瑰垾鏄嚌灏�(du矛)鏅�(sh铆)璁婄殑鎻涚啽绔欐韩搴︽帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)銆傜暥(d膩ng)妯″瀷澶遍厤鏅�(sh铆),Smith 闋�(y霉)浼扮畻娉曞氨闆ｄ互鍙栧緱鑹ソ鐨勬帶鍒舵晥鏋�銆傛湰鏂囩爺绌朵簡Smith妯＄硦PID鏅鸿兘鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)锛岃┎鏂规硶灏囨ā绯奝ID鑸嘢mith闋�(y霉)浼版帶鍒舵柟妗堢浉绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛屽緸鑰屾彁楂樹簡鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰榄鎬�銆�

1锛嶴mith闋�(y霉)浼板櫒

Smith闋�(y霉)浼板櫒鏄疧.J.M. Smith[1]鎻愬嚭鐨勪竴绋磾婊悗瑁�(b菙)鍎熻睛娉�銆係mith闋�(y霉)浼板櫒绲�(ji茅)鍚堝皪(du矛)璞℃ā鍨嬪皪(du矛)灏�(du矛)璞¤畩閲忛€�(j矛n)琛岄爯(y霉)浼�锛屽皣绱旀化鍚庣Щ鍒伴枆鐠�(hu谩n)涔嬪锛岀劧鍚庡皣琚帶灏�(du矛)璞′綔鐐虹劇婊悗鐨勫皪(du矛)璞￠€�(j矛n)琛屾帶鍒跺櫒鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)銆�

鍦ㄥ湒1涓�锛�

浠ｈ〃琚帶灏�(du矛)璞′腑涓嶅惈绱旀化鍚庨儴鍒嗙殑鍌抽仦鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛�

浠ｈ〃琚帶灏�(du矛)璞＄殑绱旀化鍚庨儴鍒�锛�

浠ｈ〃绱旀化鍚庢檪(sh铆)闁�锛�

浠ｈ〃鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑鍌抽仦鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛�

浠ｈ〃灏�(du矛)璞℃ā鍨嬩腑涓嶅惈绱旀化鍚庨儴鍒嗙殑鍌抽仦鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛�

浠ｈ〃灏�(du矛)璞℃ā鍨嬬磾婊悗閮ㄥ垎銆�

瑁�(b菙)鍎熷悗鐨勯枆鐠�(hu谩n)鍌抽仦鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐐猴細

瑭茬祼(ji茅)璜栨槸鍦ㄤ互涓嬬殑姊濅欢涓嬪緱鍑虹殑锛�

鐢卞紡(1.1)鐪嬪嚭锛孲mith闋�(y霉)浼板櫒寰炵悊璜栦笂娑堥櫎浜嗘化鍚庡洜瀛� 灏�(du矛)绯荤当(t菕ng)绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑褰遍熆銆傚皪(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭瓑鏁堝付绱旀化鍚庤(b菙)鍎�?sh霉)鎭納(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鍣�

鐐猴細

2妯＄硦PID鎺у埗

2.1妯＄硦鎺у埗鍣�

妯＄硦鎺у埗鏄互妯＄硦闆嗗悎璜�銆佹ā绯婅獮瑷€璁婇噺鍙婃ā绯婇倧杓帹鐞嗙偤鍩虹(ch菙)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楁(j墨)鏅鸿兘鎺у埗銆�2銆戯紝鍏跺熀鏈師鐞嗗涓嬪湒2鎵€绀�銆傚畠鐨勬牳蹇冮儴鍒嗙偤妯＄硦鎺у埗鍣紝鎺у埗瑕�(gu墨)寰嬬敱瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)鐨勭▼搴�?q奴)宕縁(xi脿n)銆傚井姗�(j墨)缍�(j墨ng)涓柗閲囨ǎ鐛插彇琚帶鍒堕噺鐨勭簿纰哄€硷紝鑸囩郸瀹氬€兼瘮杓冨緱鍒拌宸俊铏�(h脿o)e锛屽啀閫�(j矛n)琛屾ā绯婂寲璁婃垚妯＄硦閲廍銆傛ā绯婇噺鍙敤鐩告噳(y墨ng)鐨勬ā绯婅獮瑷€琛ㄧず锛屽緱鍒拌宸瓻鐨勬ā绯婅獮瑷€闆嗗悎鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)瀛愰泦^e(^e 鏄竴鍊�(g猫)妯＄硦閲�)锛屽啀鐢�^e鍜屾ā绯婃帶鍒�^R瑕�(gu墨)鍓� (妯＄硦绠椾簣)鏍规摎(j霉)鎺ㄧ悊鐨勫悎鎴愯(gu墨)鍓囬€�(j矛n)琛屾ā绯婃焙绛�锛屽緱鍒版ā绯婃帶鍒堕噺^u鐐猴細

鐐轰簡灏�(du矛)琚帶灏�(du矛)璞℃柦鍔犵簿纰虹殑鎺у埗锛岄倓瑕佸皣妯＄硦閲忚綁(zhu菐n)鎻涚偤绮剧⒑閲�锛屽緱鍒扮簿纰虹殑鏁�(sh霉)瀛楁帶鍒堕噺鍚�锛岀稉(j墨ng)鏁�(sh霉)妯¤綁(zhu菐n)鎻�锛岃畩?y艒u)姒伇_鐨勬ā鎿噺鍚庨€佺郸鍩�(zh铆)琛屾(j墨)妲�(g貌u)锛屽皪(du矛)琚帶灏�(du矛)璞￠€�(j矛n)琛屾帶鍒�銆�

2.2妯＄硦PID鎺у埗

妯＄硦PID鎺у埗鍣ㄦ槸鍦ㄤ竴鑸琍ID鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓婏紝澧炲姞涓€鍊�(g猫)妯＄硦鎺у埗瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩挵(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)锛屽埄鐢ㄦā绯婃帶鍒惰(gu墨)鍓囧湪绶氳(di脿o)鏁碢ID鍙冩暩(sh霉)鐨勪竴绋嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)銆傚畠浠ヨ宸甧鍜岃宸畩鍖杄c浣滅偤杓稿叆锛屽彲浠ユ豢瓒充笉鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍒荤殑e鍜宔c灏�(du矛)鍙冩暩(sh霉)鑷暣瀹氱殑瑕佹眰銆傚畠灏囨ā绯婃帶鍒跺拰PID鎺у埗鍣ㄥ叐鑰呯祼(ji茅)鍚堣捣渚�锛屾彋(y谩ng)闀�(zh菐ng)閬跨煭锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)鍏锋湁妯＄硦鎺у埗闈堟椿銆侀仼鎳�(y墨ng)鎬у挤(qi谩ng)锛屼互鍙婂叿鏈塒ID鎺у埗绮惧害楂樼殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛屽皪(du矛)寰�(f霉)闆滄帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鍜岄珮绮惧害浼烘湇绯荤当(t菕ng)鍏锋湁鑹ソ鐨勬帶鍒舵晥鏋�锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)濡傚湒3銆�

瑾�(di脿o)鏁碢ID鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑妯＄硦鎺у埗杓稿嚭瀹冨€戝垎鍒ヨ(di脿o)鏁碢ID鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑姣斾緥銆佺⿳鍒嗗拰寰垎銆�

PID鍙冩暩(sh霉)妯＄硦鑷暣瀹氭槸鎵惧嚭P銆両銆丏3鍊�(g猫)鍙冩暩(sh霉)鑸噀鍜宔c涔嬮枔鐨勬ā绯婇棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屽湪鍏佽ū涓€氶亷涓嶆柗妾㈡脯(c猫)e鍜宔c锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)妯＄硦鎺у埗鍘熺悊渚嗗皪(du矛)3鍊�(g猫)鍙冩暩(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛屼慨鏀癸紝浠ユ豢瓒充笉鍚宔鍜宔c鏅�(sh铆)灏�(du矛)鎺у埗鍙冩暩(sh霉)鐨勪笉鍚岃姹�锛岃€屼娇琚帶灏�(du矛)璞℃湁鑹ソ鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)銆侀潨鎱�(t脿i)鎬ц兘銆�

鏈枃閲囩敤鐨勬ā绯婃帶鍒惰(gu墨)鍓囧涓嬭〃鎵€绀猴細

2.3 .Smith妯＄硦PID鎺у埗

灏�(du矛)浜庢彌鐔辩珯渚嗚锛屾韩搴︽帶鍒剁殑绮惧害鐩存帴褰遍熆浜嗛泦涓緵鐔辩郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勪緵鐔辫唱(zh矛)閲�銆傞嚌灏�(du矛)閫欎竴鍟忛锛屾湰鏂囨彁鍑轰竴绋熀浜嶴mith闋�(y霉)浼板櫒鍜屾ā绯奝ID鐨勬櫤鑳芥帶鍒舵柟妗�銆傞噰鐢ㄦā绯奝ID鎺у埗鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)鎬ц兘濂姐€佹姉骞叉摼鑳藉姏寮�(qi谩ng)銆侀妫掓€уソ绛夌壒榛�(di菐n)渚嗘彁楂樼郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)绮惧害锛涢噰鐢⊿mith闋�(y霉)浼板櫒渚嗗(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)灏�(du矛)鎻涚啽绔欐韩搴︽帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫ぇ婊悗鐗规€х殑鍕�(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)瑁�(b菙)鍎�銆傚悓鏅�(sh铆)鍏╄€呭湪涓€瀹氱▼搴︿笂鍏嬫湇琚帶灏�(du矛)璞℃ā鍨嬪弮鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮畩鍖栧付渚嗙殑涓嶅埄褰遍熆銆�

3锛庢彌鐔辩珯婧害鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)浠跨湡鐮旂┒

鏈枃涓殑琚帶灏�(du矛)璞�——鎻涚啽绔欐韩搴︽帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鍙敤绱旀化鍚庣挵(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)鍜屼竴闅庢叄鎬х挵(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)渚嗚繎浼兼弿杩�锛屾彌鐔辩珯婧害鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)鐗规€у彲浠ュ彇鐐篬3]锛�

鏍规摎(j霉)浠ヤ笂鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)锛屽緱鍒版彌鐔辩珯婧害鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨凷imulink浠跨湡鍦栧涓嬪湒5鎵€绀猴細

3.1.妯″瀷鍖归厤鏅�(sh铆)

鍦⊿mith闋�(y霉)浼板櫒妯″瀷鍙冩暩(sh霉)鍜屽皪(du矛)璞℃ā鍨嬪弮鏁�(sh霉)涓€鑷存檪(sh铆)锛岄噰鐢⊿mith妯＄硦PID鎺у埗鍣ㄣ€佹ā绯奝ID鎺у埗鍣ㄥ皪(du矛)绯荤当(t菕ng)閫�(j矛n)琛屼豢鐪�锛岄熆鎳�(y墨ng)鏇茬窔濡傚湒6鎵€绀猴紙1—Smith妯＄硦PID鎺у埗鍣�锛�2—妯＄硦PID鎺у埗鍣級銆傚緸浠跨湡绲�(ji茅)鏋滃彲浠ョ湅鍑�锛屼娇鐢ㄧ敤Smith妯＄硦PID鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑绯荤当(t菕ng)鑸囦娇鐢ㄦā绯奝ID鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑绯荤当(t菕ng)鐩告瘮锛岀劇瓒呰(di脿o)閲�锛岃(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鏅�(sh铆)闁撶煭銆�

3.2.妯″瀷澶遍厤鏅�(sh铆)

鍦ㄥ(sh铆)闅涘伐妤�(y猫)閬庣▼涓�锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)宸ユ硜鐨勮畩鍖栧皣浣垮緱绯荤当(t菕ng)妯″瀷鐧�(f膩)鐢熺浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮畩鍖栵紝鎵€浠ョ暥(d膩ng)灏�(du矛)璞″弮鏁�(sh霉)璁婂寲鐐� 锛� 鏅�(sh铆)锛孲mith妯＄硦PID鎻涚啽绔欐韩搴︽帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)銆丼mith鎻涚啽绔欐韩搴︽帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鑸囨ā绯奝ID鎻涚啽绔欐韩搴︽帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勯熆鎳�(y墨ng)鏇茬窔濡傚湒7鎵€绀猴紙1—Smith妯＄硦PID鎺у埗鍣�锛�2—Smith锛�3—妯＄硦PID鎺у埗鍣級锛涘緸浠ヤ笅鍏╁嫉浠跨湡鏇茬窔鍙互鐪嬪嚭锛岄噰鐢⊿mith妯＄硦PID鎺у埗鍣ㄦ帶鍒舵彌鐔辩珯婧害鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)锛岃秴瑾�(di脿o)閲忓皬锛岃(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鏅�(sh铆)闁撶煭锛岀┅(w臎n)瀹氭€уソ^銆�³^銆�銆�

4绲�(ji茅)璜�

鍩轰簬Smith闋�(y霉)浼版ā绯奝ID鎺у埗鐨勬彌鐔辩珯婧害鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屾秷闄や簡浠ュ線鎺у埗闆ｄ互瑙ｆ焙鐨勫晱椤�锛屾湁鏁堣В姹轰簡鎻涚啽绔欐韩搴︾殑澶ф化鍚庢€с€侀潪绶氭€х瓑闆ｉ锛屾笡灏戜簡鎻涚啽绔欐韩搴︾殑娉㈠嫊(d貌ng)锛屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗘彌鐔辩珯婧害鐨勭簿纰烘帶鍒�?锛孎(xi脿n)鍫�(ch菐ng)閬�(y霉n)琛岃〃鏄庤┎鎺у埗鏂规硶鍏锋湁鍕�(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)鎬ц兘濂�銆佺┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)绮惧害楂�銆佷互鍙婇妫掓€уソ鐨勫劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)?锛熻摦V娉涚敤浜庡叾瀹冩檪(sh铆)璁�銆佹檪(sh铆)婊�銆侀潪绶氭€х殑寰�(f霉)闆滃伐妤�(y猫)閬庣▼[4]銆�

鍙冭€冩枃鐛�(xi脿n):

[1] O. J. M. Smith, Closer control of loops with delay time [J ]. ISA,1959,63(2):28-33.

[2]鏂板瀷PID鎺у埗鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛孾M]闄舵案鑿� 涓荤法姗�(j墨)姊板伐妤�(y猫)鍑虹増绀� 绗簩鐗� 2002.9銆€160-170

[3]Smith鑷仼鎳�(y墨ng)妯＄硦PID鎺у埗鎺у埗绠楁硶鐨勭爺绌跺強浠跨湡銆怞銆戝嫉鏄庡厜鐜嬮惮鐜嬪厗鍓� 鐢樿倕绉戝(xu茅)瀛�(xu茅)鍫�(b脿o)2008.03

[4]鍩轰簬Smith妯＄硦PID鎺у埗鐨勫姞鐔卞櫒婧害鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng) 銆怞銆戠帇鏄ヨ壏鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng) 2012锛�6锛�

浣滆€呯啊(ji菐n)浠嬶細缇呰帋锛�1986骞�4鏈堝嚭鐢�锛屽コ锛岀爺绌剁敓锛岄潚宄剁鎶€澶у(xu茅)锛岃▓(j矛)绠楁(j墨)鎺у埗

閫氳▕鍦板潃锛氶潚宄剁鎶€澶у(xu茅)鍥涙柟鏍″崁(q奴)鑷嫊(d貌ng)鍖栬垏闆诲瓙宸ョ▼瀛�(xu茅)闄�锛�

閮电法锛�266042

闆昏┍锛�18765976027

Email锛歭uosha320@126.com

妯�(bi膩o)绨斤細

鍒嗕韩鍒帮細

涓婁竴绡囷細鍩轰簬MCGS鐨勭叅绀﹀ぇ鍨嬫(j墨)闆荤兢鐙€...

涓嬩竴绡囷細寰兘WIN-V63鐭㈤噺鎺у埗璁婇牷鍣ㄥ湪...

涓湅(gu贸)鍌冲嫊(d貌ng)缍�(w菐ng)鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鑸囧厤璨�(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氬嚒鏈恫(w菐ng)娉ㄦ槑[渚嗘簮锛氫腑鍦�(gu贸)鍌冲嫊(d貌ng)缍�(w菐ng)]鐨勬墍鏈夋枃瀛�銆佸湒鐗囥€侀煶瑕栧拰瑕栭牷鏂囦欢锛岀増娆�(qu谩n)鍧囩偤涓湅(gu贸)鍌冲嫊(d貌ng)缍�(w菐ng)(www.wangxinlc.cn)鐛�(d煤)瀹舵墍鏈�銆傚闇€杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎珛(q菒ng)鑸�0755-82949061鑱�(li谩n)绯�銆備换浣曞獟楂�銆佺恫(w菐ng)绔欐垨鍊�(g猫)浜鸿綁(zhu菐n)杓変娇鐢ㄦ檪(sh铆)闋堟敞鏄庝締婧愨€滀腑鍦�(gu贸)鍌冲嫊(d貌ng)缍�(w菐ng)鈥�锛岄仌鍙嶈€呮湰缍�(w菐ng)灏囪拷绌跺叾娉曞緥璨�(z茅)浠汇€�

鏈恫(w菐ng)杞�(zhu菐n)杓夊苟娉ㄦ槑鍏朵粬渚嗘簮鐨勭ǹ浠�锛屽潎渚嗚嚜浜掕伅(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)鎴栨キ(y猫)鍏�(n猫i)鎶曠ǹ浜哄＋锛岀増娆�(qu谩n)灞簬鍘熺増娆�(qu谩n)浜�銆傝綁(zhu菐n)杓夎珛(q菒ng)淇濈暀绋夸欢渚嗘簮鍙婁綔鑰咃紝绂佹鎿呰嚜绡℃敼锛岄仌鑰呰嚜璨�(f霉)鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)娉曞緥璨�(z茅)浠�銆�

鐩搁棞(gu膩n)璩囪▕

鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐔遍粸(di菐n)

鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佹柊鑱�

鏇村>

鎺ㄨ枽灏堥

鏇村>

鎶€琛�(sh霉)瑕栭牷

鏇村>