鎽� 瑕侊細鏈珫鏂囩啊瑕佷粙绱逛簡鏁呴殰瑷烘柗鐨勫繀瑕佹€�锛孊P绠楁硶鐨勭壒榛炶垏鍘熺悊锛岄噸榛炰粙绱逛簡鐢˙P绠楁硶閫茶鐣版闆绘杞夊瓙鏂锋鏁呴殰瑷烘柗鍘熺悊锛屾晠闅滀俊铏熺殑鎻愬彇鏂规硶鍙婄恫绲＄殑瑷撶反閬庣▼銆� 闂滈嵉瑭烇細鏁呴殰瑷烘柗;绁炵稉缍茬怠;BP绠楁硶 Abstract: The paper has introduced the necessity of the fault diagnosis and the characteristic and the principle of the BP algorithm briefly. Introduced emphatically the principle of the fault diagnosis to the asynchronous machine鈥檚 breaks in the motor with BP algorithm and the methed to gain the fault signal and the process of the network training. Key word: Fault Diagnosis;Nerve Network;BP Algorithm 銆€銆€闆绘鏄暥浠婄敓鐢㈡椿鍕曞拰鏃ュ父鐢熸椿涓渶涓昏鐨勫師鍕曞姏鍜岄﹨鍕曡缃�銆傞浕姗熺殑姝ｅ父宸ヤ綔灏嶄繚璀夌敓鐢㈠埗閫犻亷绋嬬殑姝ｅ父閫茶鎰忕京闈炲父閲嶅ぇ銆傚洜姝ゅ皪闆绘鏁呴殰鐨勮ê鏂疯姹傚崄鍒嗚揩鍒�锛岄€氶亷灏嶉浕姗熷父瑕嬫晠闅滅殑瑷烘柗鍜屽垎鏋愶紝鍙互鍙婃棭鐧�(f膩)鐝炬晠闅滃拰闋愰槻鏁呴殰鐨勯€蹭竴姝ユ儭鍖�銆傜稉閬庡骞寸殑鐧�(f膩)灞�锛屾晠闅滆ê鏂锋妧琛撶殑鐧�(f膩)灞曞凡閫插叆鍒版櫤鑳藉寲闅庢锛屾湰鏂囦互鐣版闆绘杞夊瓙鏂锋鏁呴殰鐐轰緥锛岀爺绌朵汉宸ョ缍撶恫绲″湪闆绘鏁呴殰瑷烘柗鏂归潰鐨勬噳鐢紝閲囩敤鐨勭畻娉曟槸鏀归€插悗鐨凚P绠楁硶銆� 1.BP绠楁硶鍙婂叾鏀归€� 銆€銆€BP绠楁硶鏄汉宸ョ缍撶恫绲＄畻娉曠殑涓€鍊嬬獊鐮�锛屼互鍏跺挤澶х殑閬╂噳鎬у緱鍒颁簡寤ｆ硾鐨勬噳鐢�銆傚叾鎷撴挷绲愭鐢辫几鍏ュ堡銆侀毐灞ゅ拰杓稿嚭灞ゆ鎴�锛岄毐灞ゅ彲浠ユ槸涓€鍊�锛屼篃鍙互鏄鍊�锛屽吀鍨嬪柈闅卞堡BP绠楁硶鐨勬嫇鎾茬祼妲嬪鍦�1鎵€绀�. [align=center] 鍦�1 BP绠楁硶鐨勬嫇鎾茬祼妲� Fig.1 The topology of BP algorithm[/align] 銆€銆€BP绠楁硶鐨勪俊铏熷偝鎾亷绋嬬偤宸ヤ綔淇¤櫉姝ｅ悜鍌虫挱锛岃宸俊铏熷弽鍚戝偝鎾�銆傝几鍏ヤ俊铏熷緸杓稿叆灞ょ稉闅卞堡鍌冲悜杓稿嚭灞わ紝鍦ㄨ几鍑虹鐢㈢敓杓稿嚭淇¤櫉锛屽湪淇¤櫉鐨勫悜鍓嶅偝閬為亷绋嬩腑缍茬怠鐨勬瑠鍊兼槸鍥哄畾涓嶈畩鐨勶紝姣忎竴灞ょ缍撳厓鐨勭媭鎱�(t脿i)鍙奖闊夸笅涓€灞ょ缍撳厓鐨勭媭鎱�(t脿i)锛屽鏋滃湪杓稿嚭灞や笉鑳藉緱鍒版湡鏈涚殑杓稿嚭锛屽墖杞夊叆瑾ゅ樊鍙嶅悜鍌虫挱銆傜恫绲＄殑瀵﹂殯杓稿嚭鑸囨湡鏈涜几鍑轰箣闁撳樊鍊肩偤瑾ゅ樊淇¤櫉锛岃宸俊铏熺敱杓稿嚭绔枊濮嬮€愬堡鍚戝墠鍌虫挱锛屽湪瑾ゅ樊鍙嶅悜鍌虫挱鐨勯亷绋嬩腑锛岀恫绲＄殑娆婂€肩敱瑾ゅ樊鍙嶉閫茶瑾跨瘈(ji茅)锛岄€氶亷娆婂€肩殑涓嶆柗淇浣跨恫绲＄殑瀵﹂殯杓稿嚭鏇存帴杩戞湡鏈涜几鍑�銆� 銆€銆€鍦ㄧ恫绲¤〒绶撮亷绋嬩腑锛屾瑠鍊兼寜濡備笅瑕�(gu墨)鍓囬€茶淇锛� 銆€銆€ 銆€銆€妯欐簴鐨凚P绠楁硶鍦ㄦ噳鐢ㄤ腑瀛樺湪涓嶅皯鍏у湪鐨勭己闄�锛屽鏄撳舰鎴愬眬閮ㄦサ灏忚€屽緱涓嶅埌鍏ㄥ眬鏈€鍎�(y艒u)锛屽缈掓晥鐜囦綆銆佹敹鏂傞€熷害鎱㈢瓑锛屽闅涚恫绲¤〒绶翠腑锛岄€氬父閲囩敤鏀归€茬殑BP绠楁硶锛屽湪娆婂€间慨姝ｆ檪鍔犲叆鈥滃嫊閲忛爡鈥濓紝鍗虫寜濡備笅鏂瑰紡淇娆婂€硷細 銆€銆€鍏朵腑伪鐐哄嫊閲忛爡锛岄€氬父鏄鏁�銆傝几鍏ュ堡鍜岃几鍑哄堡娆婂€肩殑淇鏂规硶鑸囨椤炰技锛岃В姹轰簡绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰瑷撶反閫熷害涔嬮枔鐨勭煕鐩�. 2.BP绠楁硶鍦ㄨ綁瀛愭柗姊濇晠闅滆ê鏂蜂腑鐨勬噳鐢� 銆€銆€杞夊瓙鏂锋鏄寚鐣版闆绘绫犳鑸囩鐠�(hu谩n)鐒婃帴铏曠櫦(f膩)鐢熼枊鐒婂拰鏂疯锛屾槸鐣版闆绘鐨勫父瑕嬫晠闅滐紝杞夊瓙鏂锋鐨勭櫦(f膩)鐢熸槸涓€閫ｇ簩(x霉)閬庣▼锛屾渶鍒濆嵆灏囨柗瑁傜殑閮ㄤ綅缍撳父鍑虹従閬庣啽銆佸緢楂樼殑鐔辨噳鍔涙垨姗熸鎳夊姏锛屾渶绲備娇闆绘鐢㈢敓鎸嫊銆佸櫔鑱�銆佸畾瀛愰浕娴佹摵鍕曞拰婧崌澧炲姞銆佽綁閫熸尝鍕�銆傞噰鐢ㄥ悎閬╃殑鏁呴殰瑷烘柗鎵嬫锛岃兘澶犲湪鏁呴殰鍒濆灏遍噰鍙栨湁鏁堟帾鏂斤紝閬垮厤鏁呴殰閫蹭竴姝ユ儭鍖�锛屽緸鑰屾笡杓曟悕澶�銆傚埄鐢˙P绠楁硶閫茶鏁呴殰瑷烘柗锛岃鍏堟牴鎿氭晠闅滅壒寰佹彁鍙栧嚭鏈夌敤淇¤櫉锛岀稉铏曠悊鍚庤綁鍖栨垚绁炵稉缍茬怠鐨勮几鍏ヤ俊铏�锛屽緸鑰岀敱缍茬怠閫茶鍒ゆ柗銆� 銆€銆€2.1鏁呴殰淇¤櫉鐨勬彁鍙栬垏铏曠悊 銆€銆€鏁呴殰淇¤櫉閲囩敤鎻愬彇鐣版闆绘瀹氬瓙闆绘祦鐨勬柟娉�锛岀悊鐢卞涓嬶細姝ｅ父鎯呮硜涓�锛岀暟姝ラ浕姗熷畾瀛愰浕娴佺殑闋荤巼鏄柈涓€鐨勯浕婧愰牷鐜�銆備絾鏄暥杞夊瓙鍥炶矾鍑虹従鏁呴殰鏅�锛屽湪瀹氬瓙闆绘祦闋昏瓬鍦栦笂锛屽湪鑸囬浕婧愰牷鐜囩浉宸簩鍊嶈綁宸牷鐜囷紙 2sf锛夌殑浣嶇疆涓婂皣鍚勫嚭鐝句竴鍊嬫梺闋诲付锛屽皣姝ら浕娴佷俊铏熸彁鍙�锛屽嵆鍙綔鐐烘晠闅滆ê鏂风殑鍘熷淇¤櫉銆� 銆€銆€鍦ㄩ浕姗熻綁瀛愭晠闅滆純杓曞井鏅�锛屾梺闋荤浉灏嶄簬涓婚牷鍒嗛噺闈炲父灏忥紝绱勭偤2%-3%锛屼笖鐢变簬锛�1-2s锛塮甯告帴杩戜簬宸ラ牷f锛屼互鑷充簬锛堬紙1- 2s锛� f鍒嗛噺寰€寰€鏈冪敱浜巉鍒嗛噺鐨勬硠婕忚€岃娣规矑銆傜偤姝ゅ皪鏁呴殰淇¤櫉閫茶灏忔尝鍖呭垎瑙ｄ互绐佸嚭鏃侀牷銆傚皣鎻愬彇鍒扮殑瀹氬瓙闆绘祦閫茶浜斿堡灏忔尝鍖呭垎瑙�锛屽彇绗簲灞ょ殑32鍊嬮牷鐜囨垚鍒嗘銆傚師濮嬩俊铏熶腑锛屽彇鏈€浣庨牷鐜囨垚鍒嗙偤40HZ锛屾渶楂橀牷鐜囨垚鍒�60HZ锛屽墖鎻愬彇鐨�32鍊嬩俊铏熸墍浠ｈ〃鐨勯牷鐜囪寖鍦嶅琛�1鎵€绀�銆� 銆€銆€琛�1 灏忔尝鍖呭垎瑙ｅ悗鐨勪俊铏熸墍浠ｈ〃鐨勯牷鐜囪寖鍦� 銆€銆€Table 1 The representative frequency range of small wave packets decompose after signal cabin 銆€銆€浠ュ悇闋荤巼鎴愬垎鐨勮兘閲忕偤鍏冪礌妲嬮€犵壒寰佸悜閲�锛岀劧鍚庡皣鍚勫厓绱犳暩鎿氶€茶姝镐竴鍖栬檿鐞嗗悗锛屼綔鐐哄凡缍撹〒绶村畬鐣㈢缍撶恫绲＄殑杓稿叆锛屾牴鎿氱恫绲¤几鍑哄嵆鍙垽鏂锋晠闅滆垏鍚�銆� 銆€銆€2.2缍茬怠瑷撶反 銆€銆€棣栧厛纰哄畾缍茬怠鐨勮几鍑哄柈鍏�锛屽畾缇╁嚭鍚勮几鍑哄柈鍏冩墍浠ｈ〃鐨勬剰缇�锛岀劧鍚庝互姝ｅ父妯ｆ湰鍜屾晠闅滄ǎ鏈偤杓稿叆閫茶缍茬怠瑷撶反锛屽緸鑰岀⒑瀹氱恫绲＄祼妲嬪強鍚勫堡娆婂€�銆傛湰娆¤〒绶磋几鍏ユǎ鏈敱16鍊嬪厓绱�锛屾湁鍏╁€嬭几鍑哄柈鍏�锛岃几鍑哄柈鍏冪殑鎰忕京濡傝〃2鎵€绀猴細 銆€銆€琛�2 杓稿嚭鍠厓鐨勬剰缇� 銆€銆€Table 2 The significance of output units 銆€銆€瑷撶反妯ｆ湰鏁革細16 锛堜笉涓€涓€鍒楀嚭锛� 銆€銆€瑷撶反瑾ゅ樊鍏佽ū鑼冨湇锛� 0.3 銆€銆€瑷撶反鐩瑾ゅ樊锛�0.01 銆€銆€瑷撶反姝ラ暦锛�3000 銆€銆€杓稿叆灞ゅ埌闅卞堡鐨勫偝閬炲嚱鏁革細TANSIG 銆€銆€闅卞堡鍒拌几鍑哄堡鐨勫偝閬炲嚱鏁革細PURELIN 銆€銆€缍茬怠瑷撶反鍑芥暩锛歍RAINBP 銆€銆€闅辨帴榛炴暩鐨勭⒑瀹氶伒寰湪瑷撶反姝ラ暦鑼冨湇鍏х洝鍙兘灏戠殑鍘熷墖锛岄€欐ǎ鑳藉浣垮緱缍茬怠绲愭鐩″彲鑳界啊鍠�锛岄噰鐢ㄨ│婀婃硶锛屽緸9闁嬪渚濇澧炲姞锛屾牴鎿氳〒绶寸祼鏋滐紝闅辨帴榛炵偤13鏅傝兘澶犳豢瓒宠〒绶磋姹�锛岄毐鎺ラ粸鏁稿皯锛岃〒绶存鏁镐篃姣旇純灏�锛岀瘈(ji茅)榛炲お灏戜笉鑳芥豢瓒宠〒绶磋姹�锛屽お澶氬墖鏈冧娇寰楃恫绲＄祼妲嬮亷浜庡京闆滐紝鍥犳鏈€绲傞噰鐢ㄩ毐鎺ラ粸鏁�13锛屽嵆缍茬怠绲愭鐐�32-13-2.姝ゆ檪鐨勭恫绲¤〒绶寸祼鏋滃鍦�2鎵€绀�銆� [align=center] 鍦�2 BP绠楁硶瑷撶反瑾ゅ樊鏇茬窔鍦� Fig.2 The training error chart of BP algorithm[/align] 銆€銆€2.3瑷撶反绲愭灉娓│ 銆€銆€绲﹀畾12鍊嬫脯瑭︽ǎ鏈�锛屽墠8鍊嬬偤鏁呴殰妯ｆ湰锛屽悗4鍊嬬偤姝ｅ父妯ｆ湰锛屾脯瑭︾祼鏋滅偤锛� 銆€銆€杓稿嚭鍠厓1鐨勮几鍑猴細 銆€銆€0.1420 0.1015 0.0955 0.0962 0.1077 0.0957 0.1037 0.1018 0.8970 0.9108 0.8858 0.8584 銆€銆€杓稿嚭鍠厓2鐨勮几鍑猴細 銆€銆€0.5968 0.8993 0.8958 0.8948 0.9057 0.8928 0.9052 0.8984 0.1548 0.0715 0.1375 0.1072 銆€銆€浠跨湡鍦栧舰鐐哄湒3锛岀洿鏂瑰湒涓墠涓€闄ｅ垪鐐哄柈鍏�1鐨勮几鍑猴紝鍚庣偤鍠厓2鐨勮几鍑�銆� [align=center] 鍦�3 BP绠楁硶娓│绲愭灉鐩存柟鍦� Fig.3 The bar of testing of BP algorithm[/align] 銆€銆€鐢辨脯瑭︾祼鏋滃彲鍒嗘瀽鍑烘柟妗堟槸鍙鐨勩€� 3.绲愭潫瑾� 銆€銆€闆绘鍦ㄧ従浠ｅ伐妤�(y猫)鐢熺敘涓櫦(f膩)鎻憲瓒婁締瓒婇噸瑕佺殑浣滅敤锛屽皪闆绘閫茶婧栫⒑銆佸強鏅傜殑妾㈡脯瑷烘柗涔熻秺鐧�(f膩)椤緱蹇呰锛屾湰鏂囨鏄熀浜庨€欑ó鑰冩叜锛屽皪鍒╃敤绁炵稉缍茬怠妯″紡璀樺垾鐨勬柟娉曞皪鐣版闆绘鐨勬晠闅滆ê鏂烽€茶浜嗙爺绌讹紝浠ョ敤BP绠楁硶灏嶇暟姝ラ浕姗熼€茶杞夊瓙鏂锋鏁呴殰瑷烘柗鐐轰緥锛岃瓑瀵︿簡浜哄伐绁炵稉缍茬怠鐢ㄤ簬鏁呴殰瑷烘柗鐨勫彲琛屾€с€傛湰鏂囦腑鐨勬柟娉曞儏鑳藉灏嶉浕姗熸晠闅滈€茶绮楃暐瑷烘柗锛屾矑鏈夋秹鍙婃晠闅滅▼搴︾殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�锛岄€欐槸鏈枃鐨勪笉瓒充箣铏�銆� 銆€銆€鏈枃浣滆€呯殑鍓�(chu脿ng)鏂伴粸锛氭妸浜哄伐绁炵稉缍茬怠绠楁硶鎳夌敤鍒扮暟姝ラ浕姗熸晠闅滆ê鏂蜂腑渚嗭紝鎻愰珮浜嗚ê鏂风殑婧栫⒑鎬�銆� 鍙冭€冩枃鐛� 銆€銆€[1]閭婅倗绁恒€佸嫉瀛稿伐绛�.妯″紡璀樺垾[M].娓呰彲澶у鍑虹増绀�锛�2000 銆€銆€[2]娌堟姝�.闆绘鏁呴殰瑷烘柗鎶€琛揫M].姗熸宸ユキ(y猫)鍑虹増绀�锛�1996 銆€銆€[3]鍚虫柊浣欑瓑.淇¤櫉鑸囩郴绲�(t菕ng)[M].闆诲瓙宸ユキ(y猫)鍑虹増绀�锛�1999 銆€銆€[4]闊撳姏缇ょ瓑.浜哄伐绁炵稉缍茬怠鐞嗚珫銆佽ō瑷堝強鎳夌敤[M].鍖栧宸ユキ(y猫)鍑虹増绀�锛�2002 銆€銆€[5]鑳℃槍鑿€佽ū鍖栭緧.鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鏁呴殰瑷烘柗鑸囧閷帶鍒剁殑鍒嗘瀽鍜岃ō瑷圼M].鍦嬮槻宸ユキ(y猫)鍑虹増绀�锛�2000 銆€銆€[6]鍛ㄦ澅鑿€佽憠閵€蹇�.鐝句唬鏁呴殰瑷烘柗鑸囧閷帶鍒禰M].娓呰彲澶у鍑虹増绀�锛�2000 銆€銆€[7]鑱炴柊銆佸懆闇茬瓑.MATLAB绁炵稉缍茬怠鎳夌敤瑷▓[M]. 鍖椾含:绉戝鍑虹増绀�锛�2000 銆€銆€[8]鍞愬媷绛�.鍩轰簬BP缍茬殑浜ゆ祦闆绘瑾块€熺郴绲�(t菕ng)鏅鸿兘姗熷収妾㈡脯鎶€琛撶爺绌禰J].寰▓绠楁淇℃伅锛�2004锛�6锛�35-36