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1 椋涙(j墨)闆绘簮鎬ц兘鍙冩暩(sh霉)娓│绯荤当(t菕ng)绨′粙

椋涙(j墨)闆绘簮鎬ц兘鍙冩暩(sh霉)娓│绯荤当(t菕ng)宸ヤ綔娴佺▼濡傚湒1鎵€绀�銆�

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2 绮楀ぇ瑾ゅ樊鐨勮檿鐞�

鏈郴绲�(t菕ng)涓矖澶ц宸殑鍑虹従(xi脿n)鍙兘婧愪簬椋涙(j墨)闆绘簮绯荤当(t菕ng)涓伓鐒跺嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勬瘺鍒猴紝瀹冪殑瀛樺湪澶уぇ褰遍熆娓噺绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑婧�(zh菙n)纰烘€э紟鎴戝€戦噰鐢ㄤ竴闅庡樊鍒嗘柟绋�

寮忎腑鐐�x_t′鐐簍鏅傚埢鐨勯爯(y霉)娓€�锛�x_t-1鐐簍鏅傚埢鍓�1鍊嬮噰妯ｉ粸(di菐n)鐨勫€硷紱x_t-2鐐簍鏅傚埢鍓�2鍊嬮噰妯ｉ粸(di菐n)鐨勫€�銆�

鐢卞紡锛�1锛夊彲鐭�锛宼鏅傚埢鐨勫€煎彲浠ョ敤x_t-1鍜�x_t-2鏅傚埢鐨勫彇鍊间締鎺ㄧ畻銆傜暥(d膩ng)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閲囨ǎ闋荤巼姣旂墿鐞嗛噺璁婂寲鐨勬渶楂橀牷鐜囧ぇ寰楀鏅�锛岄€欑ó闋�(y霉)娓柟娉曟湁瓒冲鐨勭簿搴�銆傛垜鍊戠敤t鏅傚埢鐨勯爯(y霉)娓€煎拰t鏅傚埢鐨勫(sh铆)闅涙暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍊奸€�(j矛n)琛屾瘮杓冿紝鐒跺悗渚嗗垽鏂穞鏅傚埢鐨勫(sh铆)闅涙暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍊兼槸鍚︾偤濂囩暟闋�(xi脿ng)銆傚叾鍒ゆ柗鐨勬簴(zh菙n)鍓囨槸锛庣郸瀹氫竴鍊嬭宸獥鍙锛岃嫢t鏅傚埢鐨勫(sh铆)闅涙暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐐�x_t锛岀暥(d膩ng)|x_t-x_t′|锛濿(w菐ng)鏅�锛屽墖瑾�(r猫n)鐐烘閲囨ǎ鍊间笉绗﹀悎姝ｅ父璁婂寲瑕�(gu墨)寰�锛屾槸濂囩暟闋�(xi脿ng)銆備竴鑸宸獥鍙ｇ殑澶у皬瑕佹牴鎿�(j霉)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閲囬泦绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勯噰妯ｉ牷鐜囧拰鐗╃悊閲忕殑璁婂寲鐗规€ф焙瀹�^[2]銆�

鏍规摎(j霉)涓婅堪鐞嗚珫锛岀法瀵氦銆佺洿娴佺┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)闆诲鍜岄浕娴佹脯閲忔暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)濂囩暟闋�(xi脿ng)鐨勬鍑虹▼搴忋€傝ō(sh猫)瀹氱浉灏嶈宸偤10%锛岀敤宸垎鏂圭▼瑷堢畻鍑烘煇榛�(di菐n)鐨勯爯(y霉)娓€艰垏瑭查粸(di菐n)瀵�(sh铆)闅涢噰妯ｅ€兼瘮杓冿紝鑻ョ浉灏嶈宸ぇ浜�10%锛屽墖瑭查粸(di菐n)鐐哄鐣伴爡(xi脿ng)銆傛鍑哄鐣伴爡(xi脿ng)鍚庡氨鍦ㄨ┎榛�(di菐n)浣嶇疆涓婅(b菙)涓婁竴鍊嬭垏闋�(y霉)娓€肩浉绛夌殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)榛�(di菐n)銆�

3 鍏嬫湇闅ㄦ(j墨)瑾ゅ樊鐨勮粺浠惰檿鐞嗘柟娉�

鍦ㄥ(sh铆)闅涚殑琚脯淇¤櫉涓�锛屽線寰€鍚湁鍚勭ó鍣伈鍜屽共鎿�锛屽畠鍊戜締鑷娓俊铏熸湰韬�銆佸偝鎰熷櫒銆侀浕纾佸共鎿炬垨A/D璁婃彌鍣ㄧ殑閲忓寲鏁堟噳(y墨ng)绛夛紝鍏舵尟骞呭拰鐩镐綅闅ㄦ檪闁撶殑璁婂寲鏄笉瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩殑锛屽洜姝ゅ畠鍊戝皪娓噺绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑褰遍熆灞簬闅ㄦ(j墨)瑾ゅ樊鐨勮寖鐤囥€傞€欓噷鍒╃敤寰檿鐞嗗櫒鍔熻兘锛屽皪娓噺鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋滈噰鐢ㄤ竴瀹氱殑杌熶欢铏曠悊鏂规硶锛屽彲浠ユ笡灏忔脯閲忎腑鐨勯毃姗�(j墨)瑾ゅ樊銆傚皪浜庢煇琚脯閲弉娆＄崹(d煤)绔嬬殑銆佺劇绯荤当(t菕ng)瑾ゅ樊鐨勭瓑绮惧瘑搴︽脯閲�锛屽緱鍒皀鍊嬫脯閲忔暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)x₁锛寈₂锛�…,x_n锛屽墖琚脯閲忔渶鍙兘鐨勪及瑷堝€肩偤鍏ㄩ儴娓噺鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勭畻琛�(sh霉)骞冲潎鍊�锛岄€欑ū涔嬬偤绠楄(sh霉)骞冲潎鍊煎師鐞嗭紝鍗�

鎸夌畻琛�(sh霉)骞冲潎鍊煎師鐞嗙瓑绮惧瘑搴﹂噸寰�(f霉)娓噺鍙娇闅ㄦ(j墨)瑾ゅ樊灏嶆渶鍚庣祼(ji茅)鏋滅殑褰遍熆娓涘皬鍒版渶浣庨檺搴�銆�

鏈郴绲�(t菕ng)鍦ㄨ▓绠楅浕澹�銆侀浕娴佹湁鏁堝€�銆佽娉㈠惈閲�銆侀浕澹撹(di脿o)鍒跺弮鏁�(sh霉)鏅傦紝鐨嗙洝閲忔彁楂橀噰妯ｉ牷鐜�銆佸鍔犳脯瑭﹀懆鏈�锛岀洝鍙兘鍦版笡灏忛毃姗�(j墨)瑾ゅ樊銆�

4 绯荤当(t菕ng)瑾ゅ樊鐨勫垎鏋愯垏铏曠悊

4.1 LEM鍨嬮浕娴併€侀浕澹撳偝鎰熷櫒寮曡捣鐨勮宸�

鏈郴绲�(t菕ng)鍑嬬悊闆昏矾涓殑鍌虫劅鍣ㄦ湁澶氬€婰EM闇嶇埦妯″鍨嬮浕娴佸偝鎰熷櫒銆丩EM妯″鍨嬮浕澹撳偝鎰熷櫒銆傞浕澹�銆侀浕娴佸偝鎰熷櫒鎵€鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑瑾ゅ樊锛屼竴鏂归潰鐢卞叾鑷韩鐨勭簿搴﹀紩璧�锛屽彟涓€鏂归潰閭勫彈鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ殑浣跨敤姝ｇ⒑鑸囧惁鍜屽纾佸牬骞叉摼鐨勫奖闊�銆�

LEM闇嶇埦闆诲銆侀浕娴�鍌虫劅鍣�鐨勭窔鎬у害濂斤紝绮惧害楂�锛屼絾浣跨敤涓嶇暥(d膩ng)涔熸渻寮曡捣娓噺瑾ゅ樊锛屽鐣�(d膩ng)鐩存祦闆绘祦閫氶亷鍘熼倞绶氬湀鏅�锛屽偝鎰熷櫒灏氭湭鎺ラ浕婧愶紝鎴栬€呮绱氱窔鍦堥枊璺�锛屼娇娆＄礆绶氬湀鍥炶矾涓嶈兘鎻愪緵鐩告噳(y墨ng)鐨勮(b菙)鍎熼浕娴侊紝閫犳垚鑱氱鐠�(hu谩n)纾佸寲锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熷墿纾�锛屽緸鑰屽奖闊挎脯閲忕簿搴�銆�

鏈郴绲�(t菕ng)涓€鏂归潰灏嘗EM妯″鏀句汉纾佸牬灞忚斀缃╀腑浠ラ伩鍏嶅纾佸牬鐨勫共鎿�锛屽彟涓€鏂归潰鍤�(y谩n)鏍奸伒瀹堢郴绲�(t菕ng)娓│鎿嶄綔绋嬪簭锛屼娇鏁村€嬬郴绲�(t菕ng)鍙湁鍦ㄥ偝鎰熷櫒鎺ラ€氶浕婧愮殑姊濅欢涓嬫墠鏈夊彲鑳介枊濮嬫脯瑭︼紝浠ラ伩鍏嶈仛纾佺挵(hu谩n)琚鍖�銆�

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4.2 闈炲悓姝ラ噰妯ｅ紩璧风殑瑾ゅ樊

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濡傚湒2,瑷�(sh猫)娓│绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭1鍊嬮噰妯ｉ粸(di菐n)鍦ㄥ熀闋荤殑α[sub]1[/sub]榛�(di菐n)銆�锛岀N鍊嬮噰妯ｉ粸(di菐n)鍦�α榛�(di菐n)锛岀敱浜庡悓姝ヨ宸柍T鐨勫瓨鍦�锛�α₁≠α₂锛岄€欐檪瀵�(sh铆)闅涢噰妯ｉ枔闅旂偤锛�鐢辨鍙锛屽悓姝ヨ宸槸鐢变簬娓│绯荤当(t菕ng)鎵€鐢ㄧ殑寰檿鐞嗗櫒鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)闋荤巼涓嶈兘鐒￠檺楂�锛屽叾瑷堟暩(sh霉)鍛ㄦ湡涓嶈兘鐒￠檺灏忋€侀浕缍�(w菐ng)闆诲鐨勬尝鍕曠瓑鍥犵礌寮曡捣鐨�銆�

瀵�(sh铆)闅涘伐浣滀腑锛屼笉鍙兘鍋氬埌鍚屾閲囨ǎ锛岄€欏氨寮曡捣浜嗛潪鍚屾閲囨ǎ瑾ゅ樊銆傜暥(d膩ng)瀛樺湪鍚屾瑾ゅ樊鏅�锛岄噰妯ｈ捣濮嬮粸(di菐n)浣嶇疆鑸囨湁鏁堝€�銆佹湁鍔熷姛鐜囨脯閲忔柟娉曡宸湁闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傞伕鎿囬仼鐣�(d膩ng)?sh霉)鐗熻摳鎮犻箺閿甤(di菐n)浣嶇疆鍙笡灏忕敋鑷冲彲娑堥櫎鍚屾瑾ゅ樊灏嶄俊铏熸湁鏁堝€笺€佹湁鍔熷姛鐜囩殑褰遍熆銆傚湪“鏈€浣抽噰妯ｈ捣濮嬮粸(di菐n)”闄勮繎閲囨ǎ鏅�锛岃宸緢灏�锛屽伐绋嬪(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鏂逛究銆傚偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨�“鎭伴亷闆堕粸(di菐n)閲囨ǎ”鏄竴绋笉鍒╀簬鎶戝埗鍚屾瑾ゅ樊褰遍熆鐨勬柟娉曘€�

鍒╃敤HP VEE涓换鎰忔尝褰㈢櫦(f膩)鐢熷櫒鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)娉㈠舰閫�(j矛n)琛屼豢鐪熷(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)锛屽彲浠ュ緱鍑猴細娓噺姝ｅ鸡娉俊铏熺殑鏈夋晥鍊�“鏈€浣抽噰妯ｈ捣濮嬮粸(di菐n)”鍦�0°宸﹀彸锛涙脯閲忔寮︽尝鐨勮娉㈠惈閲�锛�“鏈€浣抽噰妯ｈ捣濮嬮粸(di菐n)”鍦�60°宸﹀彸銆傝〃2鐐轰笉鍚岄噰妯ｈ捣濮嬮粸(di菐n)鍚屾瑾ゅ樊鑸囨湁鏁堝€艰宸�銆佹湁鍔熷姛鐜囨脯閲忚宸殑闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€�

鍦ㄨ▓绠楀姛鐜囨檪锛屽皪闆诲銆侀浕娴侀噰妯ｇ殑鍚屾檪鎬ц姹傚緢楂�锛屽鏋滈浕澹撱€侀浕娴侀噰妯ｄ笉鍚屾檪锛岀浉宸畉鏅傞枔锛屽墖娓緱鐨勫姛鐜囦腑灏囨湁闈炲悓鏅傞噰妯ｈ宸細

寮忎腑ρ-鍔熺巼鍥犳暩(sh霉)瑙掞紱w-閲囨ǎ淇¤櫉鐨勮闋荤巼^[6]銆�

鐢卞紡锛�5锛夌煡锛岄毃钁楀姛鐜囧洜鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬笡灏�锛岄潪鍚屾檪閲囨ǎ瑾ゅ樊灏囨€ュ妵澧炲ぇ锛屽洜姝ょ郴绲�(t菕ng)鎳�(y墨ng)鍏呭垎鑰冩叜閫欎竴瑾ゅ樊銆傚洜浣跨敤1鍊婣/D杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涘櫒鐒℃硶瀹屾垚灏嶉浕澹撲俊铏熷拰闆绘祦淇¤櫉鍚屾檪閲囨ǎ鐨勪换鍕�(w霉)锛屾墍浠ユ湰绯荤当(t菕ng)閲囨ǎ鏅傚悓鏅傚暉鍕�3鍊婣/D杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涘櫒锛岃畵闆诲妯℃摤閲忓拰闆绘祦妯℃摤閲忓垎鍒ラ€�(j矛n)浜篈/D杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涘櫒锛屽緸鑰屼娇闈炲悓鏅傞噰妯ｈ宸皪绯荤当(t菕ng)绮惧害鐨勫奖闊块仈(d谩)鍒版渶灏忕▼搴�銆�

5 绲�(ji茅)璜�

瑷�(sh猫)鍌欓伕鎿囨槸闂�(gu膩n)閸�锛岃宸檿鐞嗕篃寰堥噸瑕併€傞€氶亷浠ヤ笂鐨勮宸檿鐞�锛岃┎娓│绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬脯閲忕簿搴﹀涓�銆�

绌�(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)闆诲锛�±1.0% 鐬厠(t脿i)闆诲锛�±0.5% 绌�(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)闋荤巼锛�±0.4% 闆绘祦锛�±1.0% 鐩哥Щ锛�±0.5° 鍔熺巼锛�±1.5% 瀵�(sh铆)韪愯瓑鏄�锛岃┎绯荤当(t菕ng)鑳界偤鍦嬬敘(ch菐n)椋涙(j墨)闆绘簮绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷堝畾鍨嬫彁渚涙湁鍔涚殑渚濇摎(j霉)銆�

鍙冭€冩枃鐛�(xi脿n)锛�

[1]鍤�(y谩n)浠板厜锛庤埅绌鸿埅澶╁櫒渚涢浕绯荤当(t菕ng)[M]锛庡寳浜細鑸┖宸ユキ(y猫)鍑虹増绀撅紝1994锛�

[2]鑲栧繝绁ワ紟?d膩ng)?sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閲囬泦鍘熺悊[M]锛庤タ瀹夛細瑗垮寳宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鍑虹増绀撅紝2000.

[3]鏉庨爩鍊紟闆绘埃娓│鎶€琛�(sh霉)[M].瑗垮畨锛氳タ鍖楀伐妤�(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�锛�1992

[4]棣椽蹇狅紝鑳¤檾鐢燂紟杌熶欢鍚屾閲囨ǎ瑾ゅ樊鍒嗘瀽[J].闆诲伐鎶€琛�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鍫�锛�1996,11锛�2锛�:25-28锛�

[5]鏇圭幉鑺濓紟璁婂鍣ㄨ嚜鍕曟脯瑭︾郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勮宸垎鏋愯垏铏曠悊[J].閯窞杓曞伐妤�(y猫)瀛�(xu茅)闄㈠(xu茅)鍫憋紝1997锛�3锛夛細24-27锛�

[6]鏂硅紳锛庤宸�銆佺浉灏嶈宸€佸紩鐢ㄨ宸殑涓嶇⒑瀹氬害鍜岃宸殑鐩稿皪涓嶇⒑瀹氬害杈ㄦ瀽[J]锛庤▓閲忚垏娓│鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛�2006锛�5锛夛細30-33.

瑭虫儏璜嬮粸(di菐n)鎿婏細椋涙(j墨)闆绘簮鎬ц兘鍙冩暩(sh霉)娓│绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勮宸垎鏋愯垏铏曠悊