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USB銆佷覆鍙�銆佸苟鍙ｆ槸瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)鍜屽瑷�(sh猫)閫�(j矛n)琛岄€氳▕鐨勫父鐢ㄦ帴鍙ｏ紝浣嗗皪浜庢暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閲忓ぇ鐨勫湒鍍忎締瑾�锛屼覆琛孯S-232鍗�(xi茅)璀伴洠浜庨仈(d谩)鍒板湒鍍忛噰闆嗗(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鎬ц姹�銆俇SB鍙ｅ嵆浣胯兘婊胯冻鎵€闇€閫熷害锛屼絾瑕佹眰澶栬ō(sh猫)蹇呴爤鏀寔USB鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛岃€孶SB鍗�(xi茅)璀拌垏甯哥敤宸ョ▼杌熶欢鐨勬帴鍙ｉ倓涓嶆櫘鍙�銆侷EEE-1394鎺ュ彛鍏锋湁寤夊児(ji脿)锛岄€熷害蹇�锛屾敮鎸佺啽鎷旀彃锛屾暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几閫熺巼鍙摯(ku貌)灞�锛屾(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闁嬫斁绛夌壒榛�(di菐n)锛屽湪鐪惧闋�(l菒ng)鍩熷緱鍒颁簡寤ｆ硾鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€備絾闅ㄨ憲鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀湒鍍忛噰闆嗛€熷害鐨勬彁楂�銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閲忕殑澧炲ぇ锛屽師鏈夌殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婕搁洠浠ユ豢瓒抽渶姹�銆傜偤浜嗙啊鍖栨暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勯€ｆ帴锛屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)楂橀€�銆侀珮绮惧害銆侀潏娲�銆佺啊鍠殑閫ｆ帴锛屽湪NationalSemiconductor鍏徃绛夊瀹剁浉姗�(j墨)鍒堕€犲晢鍏卞悓鍒跺畾鎺ㄥ嚭浜咰ameraLink妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆侰ameraLink鏄皥闁€鐐烘暩(sh霉)瀛�?j菒n)z鍍忔(j墨)鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几鎻愬嚭鐨勬帴鍙ｆ(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛屽皥鐐烘暩(sh霉)瀛楃浉姗�(j墨)鍒跺畾鐨勪竴绋湒鍍忔暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)銆佽闋绘暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鎺у埗淇¤櫉鍙婄浉姗�(j墨)鎺у埗淇¤櫉鍌宠几?sh霉)鐩仼鈧帴鍙�锛屽叾鏈€涓昏鐗归粸(di菐n)鏄噰鐢ㄤ簡浣庡宸垎淇¤櫉(LVDS)鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屼娇鏀濆儚姗�(j墨)鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几閫熺巼澶уぇ鎻愰珮銆�

2琛ㄩ潰缂洪櫡妾㈡脯鍦栧儚铏曠悊鍜屽垎鏋愮畻娉�

2.1鍦栧儚闋�(y霉)铏曠悊绠楁硶

宸ユキ(y猫)鐝�(xi脿n)鍫撮噰闆嗙殑鍦栧儚閫氬父鍖呭惈鍣伈锛屽湒鍍忛爯(y霉)铏曠悊涓昏鐩殑鏄笡灏戝櫔鑱�锛屾敼鍠勫湒鍍忕殑璩�(zh矛)閲�锛屼娇涔嬫洿閬╁悎浜虹溂鐨勮瀵熸垨姗�(j墨)鍣ㄧ殑铏曠悊銆傚湒鍍忕殑闋�(y霉)铏曠悊閫氬父鍖呮嫭绌哄煙鏂规硶鍜岄牷鍩熸柟娉曪紝鍏剁畻娉曟湁鐏板害璁婃彌銆佺洿鏂瑰湒鍧囪　銆佸熀浜庣┖鍩熷拰闋诲煙鐨勫悇绋烤娉㈢畻娉曠瓑锛屽叾涓洿瑙€鐨勬柟娉曟槸鏍规摎(j霉)鍣伈鑳介噺涓€鑸泦涓簬楂橀牷锛岃€屽湒鍍忛牷璀滃墖鍒嗗竷浜庝竴鍊�(g猫)鏈夐檺鍗€(q奴)闁撶殑閫欎竴鐗归粸(di菐n)锛岄噰鐢ㄤ綆閫氭烤娉㈡柟寮忛€�(j矛n)琛屽幓鍣�锛屼緥濡傛粦鍕�(d貌ng)骞冲潎绐楁烤娉㈠櫒銆乄iener绶氭€ф烤鍣櫒绛�銆備笂杩板悇绋烤娉㈡柟娉曚腑锛岄牷鍩熻畩鎻涘京(f霉)闆�锛岄亱(y霉n)绠椾唬鍍�(ji脿)杓冮珮锛涚┖鍩�?y脿n)V娉㈢畻娉曢噰鐢ㄥ悇绋ā鏉垮皪鍦栧儚閫�(j矛n)琛屽嵎绌嶉亱(y霉n)绠�銆傜洿鎺ョ伆搴﹁畩鎻涙硶閫氶亷灏嶅湒鍍忔瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)鍍忕礌鎸夌収鏌愮ó鍑芥暩(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛岃畩鎻涘悗寰楀埌澧炲挤(qi谩ng)鍦栧儚锛岃畩鎻涘嚱鏁�(sh霉)涓€鑸閲囩敤绶氭€у嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆佸垎娈电窔鎬у嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆佹寚鏁�(sh霉)鍑芥暩(sh霉)銆佸皪鏁�(sh霉)鍑芥暩(sh霉)绛�锛岄亱(y霉n)绠楃啊鍠�锛屽湪婊胯冻铏曠悊鍔熻兘鐨勫墠鎻愪笅瀵�(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鎬т篃杓冮珮銆傝繎骞翠締锛屾暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)褰㈡厠(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)鏂规硶[43-44]銆佸皬娉㈡柟娉昜45-47]鐢ㄤ簬鍦栧儚鐨勫幓鍣�锛屽彇寰椾簡杓冨ソ鐨勬晥鏋�銆�

2.2鍦栧儚鍒嗗壊绠楁硶

鍦栧儚鐨勫垎鍓叉槸鎶婂湒鍍忛櫍鍒楀垎瑙ｆ垚鑻ュ共鍊�(g猫)浜掍笉浜よ凯鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩�锛屾瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)鍗€(q奴)鍩熷収(n猫i)閮ㄧ殑鏌愮ó鐗规€ф垨鐗瑰緛鐩稿悓鎴栨帴杩�锛岃€屼笉鍚屽崁(q奴)鍩熼枔鐨勫湒鍍忕壒寰佸墖鏈夋槑椤樊鍒�銆傚畠鏄敱鍦栧儚铏曠悊鍒板湒鍍忓垎鏋愮殑闂�(gu膩n)閸垫椹�?锛孎(xi脿n)鏈夌殑鍦栧儚鍒嗗壊鏂规硶涓昏鍒嗙偤鍩轰簬闁惧€肩殑鍒嗗壊鏂规硶銆佸熀浜庡崁(q奴)鍩熺殑鍒嗗壊鏂规硶銆佸熀浜庨倞绶ｇ殑鍒嗗壊鏂规硶浠ュ強鍩轰簬鐗瑰畾鐞嗚珫鐨勫垎鍓叉柟娉曠瓑銆傝繎骞翠締锛岀爺绌惰€呬笉鏂锋敼閫�(j矛n)鍘熸湁鐨勫湒鍍忓垎鍓叉柟娉曞苟鎶婂叾浠栧(xu茅)绉戠殑涓€浜涙柊鐞嗚珫鍜屾柊鏂规硶鐢ㄤ簬鍦栧儚鍒嗗壊锛屾彁鍑轰簡涓嶅皯鏂扮殑鍒嗗壊鏂规硶銆傚湒鍍忓垎鍓插悗鎻愬彇鍑虹殑鐩(bi膩o)鍙互鐢ㄤ簬鍦栧儚瑾炵京璀�(sh铆)鍒�銆佸湒鍍忔悳绱㈢瓑闋�(l菒ng)鍩熴€�

2.2.1鍩轰簬鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑鍒嗗壊绠楁硶

鍩轰簬鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑鍒嗗壊绠楁硶鍖呮嫭闁惧€煎垎鍓叉硶銆佸崁(q奴)鍩熺敓闀锋硶鍜岃仛椤炲垎鍓叉硶绛�銆�

闁惧€煎垎鍓叉硶鏄竴绋偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫湒鍍忓垎鍓叉柟娉曪紝鍏跺熀鏈師鐞嗘槸锛氶€氶亷瑷�(sh猫)瀹氫笉鍚岀殑鐏板害闁惧€�锛屾妸鍦栧儚鍍忕礌榛�(di菐n)鍒嗙偤鑻ュ共椤�銆傚洜鍏跺(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)绨″柈銆佽▓(j矛)绠楅噺灏�銆佹€ц兘杓冪┅(w臎n)瀹氳€屾垚鐐哄湒鍍忓垎鍓蹭腑鏈€鍩烘湰鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ渶寤ｆ硾鐨勫垎鍓叉柟娉�锛屽叾涓柧鍊肩殑閬稿彇鏄湒鍍忛柧鍊煎垎鍓叉柟娉曚腑鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸点€�

闂�(gu膩n)浜庨柧鍊肩殑纰哄畾鏂规硶锛岀洰鍓嶆瘮杓冨父鐢ㄧ殑鏈夊浐瀹氶柧鍊兼硶銆佽嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)闁惧€兼硶銆佸鍗€(q奴)鍩熼柧鍊兼硶绛�銆傚浐瀹氶柧鍊煎垎鍓茬畻娉曞(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鎬у挤(qi谩ng)锛岄仼鐢ㄤ簬鍦栧儚鑳屾櫙鍜岀洰妯�(bi膩o)鐏板害鍊煎崁(q奴)鍒ユ槑椤殑鎯呮硜锛涜嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)闁惧€煎垎鍓茬畻娉�锛岄仼鐢ㄤ簬鐩(bi膩o)鑸囪儗鏅殑鐏板害鍊煎崁(q奴)鍒ヤ笉鏄庨’鐨勬儏娉�锛涘鍗€(q奴)鍩熼柧鍊兼硶锛岄仼鐢ㄤ簬鐩(bi膩o)鑸囪儗鏅湪涓嶅悓鍗€(q奴)鍩熷崁(q奴)鍒ヨ純澶х殑鎯呮硜銆�

Otsu鎻愬嚭浜嗗嫊(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)闁€闄愭柟娉昜48]锛屽畠浠ョ洰妯�(bi膩o)鍜岃儗鏅箣闁撶殑鏂瑰樊鏈€澶т締鍕�(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)鍦扮⒑瀹氬湒鍍忓垎鍓查杸闄愬€�锛屼絾鐣�(d膩ng)鐩(bi膩o)鐨勭浉灏嶉潰绌嶈純灏忔檪(sh铆)锛屾鏂规硶鎬ц兘涓嶄匠銆侾un鍜孠apur绛変汉鎻愬嚭浜嗗埄鐢ㄦ渶澶у厛椹�(y脿n)鐔甸伕鍙栭柧鍊肩殑鏂规硶[49-50]锛屽緸淇℃伅璜栫殑瑙掑害閬告搰闁惧€�锛屽湪涓€瀹氱▼搴︿笂鍏嬫湇浜嗕笂杩扮畻娉曠殑缂洪粸(di菐n)锛屼絾鐣�(d膩ng)鍦栧儚鑳屾櫙寰�(f霉)闆滄檪(sh铆)鍒嗗壊鏅�(sh铆)瀹规槗鍠け閮ㄥ垎淇℃伅锛屼笖瑷�(j矛)绠楅噺杓冨ぇ銆�

Yen绛変汉鎻愬嚭浜嗗埄鐢ㄦ渶澶х浉闂�(gu膩n)鎬у師鍓囧彇浠ｅ父鐢ㄧ殑鏈€澶х喌鍘熷墖渚嗛伕鍙栭柧鍊肩殑鏂规硶[51]锛屼互鍙婂熀浜庝竴缍垨2缍洿鏂瑰湒鐨勯柧鍊兼柟娉昜52-54]銆佹渶灏忚鍒ゆ鐜囨簴(zh菙n)鍓囦笅鐨勬渶浣抽柧鍊兼柟娉昜55]鍦ㄥ叾鍚庝篃琚彁鍑�銆�

鍗€(q奴)鍩熺敓闀锋硶鐨勫熀鏈€濇兂鏄緷鎿�(j霉)涓€瀹氱殑鐢熼暦婧�(zh菙n)鍓囷紝灏囪嫢骞插€�(g猫)鈥滅浉浼尖€濆瓙鍗€(q奴)鍩熻仛鍚堟垚杓冨ぇ鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩�銆傚畠棣栧厛灏嶆瘡鍊�(g猫)闇€瑕佸垎鍓茬殑鍗€(q奴)鍩熸壘鍒颁竴鍊�(g猫)绋瓙鍍忕礌浣滅偤鐢熼暦鐨勮捣榛�(di菐n)锛屽啀灏囩ó瀛愬儚绱犻劙鍩熶腑鑸囧叾鍏锋湁鐩稿悓鎴栫浉浼兼€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫儚绱犳牴鎿�(j霉)鏌愮ó浜嬪厛纰哄畾鐨勬簴(zh菙n)鍓囧悎骞跺埌绋瓙鍍忕礌鎵€鍦ㄧ殑鍗€(q奴)鍩熶腑锛涘皣閫欎簺鏂板儚绱犵暥(d膩ng)浣滄柊鐨勭ó瀛愬儚绱犵辜绾�(x霉)鍍忎笂闈㈢殑鎿嶄綔锛岀洿鍒板啀?z猫ng)]鏈夋豢瓒虫浠剁殑鍍忕礌鍙寘鎷€�(j矛n)渚�銆傛娉曞師鐞嗙啊鍠紝灏嶄簬杓冨潎鍕荤殑閫ｉ€氱洰妯�(bi膩o)鏈夎純濂界殑鍒嗗壊鏁堟灉锛涚己榛�(di菐n)鏄緷璩翠簬鍒濆姊濅欢鐨勯伕鍙�锛岃▓(j矛)绠楅噺杓冨ぇ锛屼笉閬╃敤浜庡(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)妾㈡脯銆�

鍒嗚鈥斿悎骞舵硶涔熸槸涓€绋熀浜庡崁(q奴)鍩熺殑鍒嗗壊绠楁硶锛屽叾鍩烘湰鎬濇兂鏄細鏍规摎(j霉)鍦栧儚鍜屽悇鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑涓嶅潎鍕绘€э紝灏囧湒鍍忔垨鍗€(q奴)鍩熷垎瑁傛垚鏂扮殑瀛愬崁(q奴)鍩�锛屽啀灏囧寘鍚浉鍚屽収(n猫i)瀹圭殑鍗€(q奴)鍩熷悎骞舵垚鏂扮殑杓冨ぇ鍗€(q奴)鍩�锛屾渶鍚庡緱鍒板垎鍓插湒鍍�銆傚洓鍙夋ü鍒嗚В鏄竴绋父鐢ㄧ殑鍒嗚鈥斿悎骞舵硶锛屽叾鍏烽珨閬庣▼鏄細灏囧湒鍍忓垎鎴�4濉婂ぇ灏忕浉绛夌殑鏂瑰锛屽垽鏂锋瘡鍊�(g猫)灏忓鏄惁婊胯冻涓€鑷存€ф(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)(濡傚叐鍗€(q奴)鍩熷弮鏁�(sh霉)绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐗瑰緛绲�(ji茅)鏋滅浉鍚岋紝绛夌瓑)銆傝嫢婊胯冻锛屽墖涓嶅啀鍒嗚В锛涜嫢涓嶆豢瓒�锛屽墖鍐嶇窗(x矛)鍒嗘垚鍥涘锛屽啀鐢ㄧ窗(x矛)鍒嗗閫�(j矛n)琛屼竴鑷存€ф(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)妾㈡煡锛岀洿鍒版豢瓒充竴鑷存€ф(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛岀祼(ji茅)鏋滃彲鑳藉寘鍚ぇ灏忎笉鍚岀殑濉�銆�

鑱氶娉曢€�(j矛n)琛屽湒鍍忓垎鍓叉槸鏍规摎(j霉)鍦栧儚鍦ㄧ壒寰佺┖闁撶殑鑱氶泦灏嶇壒寰佺┖闁撻€�(j矛n)琛屽垎鍓�锛屽啀鏄犲皠鍒板師鍦栧儚绌洪枔寰楀埌鍒嗗壊绲�(ji茅)鏋滐紝K鍧囧€艰仛椤炵畻娉�銆佹ā绯奀鍧囧€艰仛椤�(FCM)绠楁硶[56-57]鏄父鐢ㄧ殑鑱氶绠楁硶銆�

2.2.2鍩轰簬閭婄罚鐨勫垎鍓叉柟娉�

鍩轰簬閭婄罚鐨勫垎鍓叉柟娉曞叾瀵�(sh铆)灏辨槸鏍规摎(j霉)鍦栧儚涓眬閮ㄧ壒鎬х殑涓嶉€ｇ簩(x霉)鎬ц€岄噰鐢ㄦ煇绋畻娉曚締鎻愬彇鍑哄湒鍍忎腑鐨勫皪璞¤垏鑳屾櫙闁撶殑浜ょ晫绶�銆�

閭婄罚铏曞儚绱犵殑鐏板害鍊间笉閫ｇ簩(x霉)锛岄€欑ó涓嶉€ｇ簩(x霉)鎬у彲閫氶亷姹傚皫(d菐o)渚嗘娓€傜稉(j墨ng)鍏哥殑閭婄罚妾㈡脯绠楁硶涓€鑸噰鐢ㄥ井鍒嗙殑鏂规硶閫�(j矛n)琛岃▓(j矛)绠�锛屽父鐢ㄧ殑涓€闅庡井鍒嗛倞绶ｆ娓畻瀛愭湁Robert绠楀瓙銆丼obel绠楀瓙銆丳rewitt绠楀瓙銆並irsch绠楀瓙绛夊咕绋€備竴闅庡井鍒嗙畻瀛愭柟娉曡▓(j矛)绠楃啊渚�銆侀€熷害蹇�锛屼絾瀹氫綅涓嶆簴(zh菙n)纰恒€備簩闅庡井鍒嗙畻瀛愪富瑕佹湁Canny绠楀瓙銆丩og绠楀瓙銆丩aplacian绠楀瓙锛岄€欓绠楀瓙鍩轰簬涓€闅庡皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫眬閮ㄦ渶澶у€煎皪鎳�(y墨ng)浜岄殠灏�(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯浂浜ゅ弶榛�(di菐n)閫欎竴鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岄€氶亷灏嬫壘鍦栧儚鐏板害鐨勪簩闅庡皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯浂浜ゅ弶榛�(di菐n)寰炶€屽畾浣嶉倞绶ｃ€備簩闅庡井鍒嗙畻瀛愭柟娉曢倞绶ｅ畾浣嶆簴(zh菙n)纰�锛屼絾灏嶅櫔鑱叉晱鎰熴€傚皪浜庡櫔鑱叉薄鏌撶殑鍦栧儚锛屽湪閫�(j矛n)琛屽井鍒嗙畻瀛愰倞绶ｆ娓墠涓€鑸厛瑕佹烤娉紝浣嗘烤娉㈢殑鍚屾檪(sh铆)涔熶娇鍦栧儚閭婄罚鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶竴瀹氱▼搴︾殑妯＄硦銆侻arr绠楀瓙灏囧櫔鑱叉烤娉㈣垏閭婄罚鎻愬彇鐩哥祼(ji茅)鍚堬紝浣嗙暥(d膩ng)妯℃澘杓冨皬鏅�(sh铆)鎶楀櫔鎬ц兘涓嶈壇锛屾ā鏉胯純澶ф檪(sh铆)瑷�(j矛)绠楄不(f猫i)鏅�(sh铆)銆�

2.2.3鍩轰簬鐗瑰畾鐞嗚珫鐨勫垎鍓叉柟娉�

闅ㄨ憲鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鍜屼汉宸ユ櫤鑳界殑鐧�(f膩)灞�锛屽嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗕竴浜涙柊鐨勯倞绶ｆ娓柟娉�锛屽鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)褰㈡厠(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)娉�銆佸皬娉㈣畩鎻涙硶銆佷汉宸ョ缍�(j墨ng)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)娉曘€侀伜鍌崇畻娉�銆佸熀浜庢ā绯婄悊璜栫殑绠楁硶绛夈€�

20涓栫磤(j矛)90骞翠唬鍒�锛孧allat鍦ㄥ湒鍍忓鍒嗚鲸鍒嗘瀽鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓�锛屾彁鍑轰簡灏忔尝璁婃彌灞€閮ㄦā妤靛ぇ鍊奸倞绶ｆ娓柟娉昜58-59]锛屽湪鍣伈鍦栧儚涓彇寰椾簡杓冨ソ鐨勯倞绶ｆ娓晥鏋�銆傚悗渚�锛屼汉鍊戝湪Mallat鐞嗚珫妗嗘灦涓�锛屾彁鍑轰簡澶氬昂搴﹂倞绶ｆ娓柟娉昜60]銆傚灏哄害閭婄罚妾㈡脯鏂规硶涓昏鎬濇兂鍦ㄨ純澶х殑灏哄害涓嬭兘灏嶉倞绶ｇ簿纰烘娓紝鑰屽湪杓冨皬鐨勫昂搴︿笅鑳藉皪閭婄罚榛�(di菐n)绮剧⒑瀹氫綅銆傚皬娉㈣畩鎻涚殑绐佸嚭鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)鏄叾澶氬垎杈ㄧ巼锛屽湒鍍忕殑姣忓€�(g猫)灏哄害鐨勫皬娉㈣畩鎻涢兘鎻愪緵浜嗕竴瀹氱殑閭婄罚淇℃伅銆傚皬娉㈠垎鏋愬湪鏅�(sh铆)鍩熷拰闋诲煙閮藉叿鏈夎壇濂界殑灞€閮ㄥ寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屽彲鑱氱劍鍒板皪璞＄殑浠绘剰绱�(x矛)绡€(ji茅)锛屾槸鍦栧儚铏曠悊闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺殑鐔遍粸(di菐n)銆傞洊鐒朵汉鍊戞彁鍑轰簡澶氱ó鐨勯倞绶ｆ娓柟娉昜61-62]锛屼絾閭婄罚妾㈡脯鏅�(sh铆)鎶楀櫔鎬у拰妾㈡脯绮惧害鐨勭煕鐩句粛鐒舵槸瑕佺爺绌剁殑閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛箣涓€銆�

鍩轰簬鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)褰㈡厠(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)閭婄罚妾㈡脯鏂规硶[63-64]鐨勫熀鏈€濇兂鏄敤鍏锋湁涓€瀹氬舰鎱�(t脿i)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍏冪礌鎻愬彇鍦栧儚涓殑灏嶆噳(y墨ng)褰㈢媭锛屼互閬�(d谩)鍒板皪鍦栧儚鍒嗘瀽鍜岃瓨(sh铆)鍒ョ殑鐩殑銆傞噰鐢ㄥ绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍏冪礌鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)褰㈡厠(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)绠楁硶锛屾棦鑳芥彁鍙栫窗(x矛)灏忛倞绶�锛屽張鑳藉緢濂界殑鎶戝埗鍣伈锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍏冪礌閬稿彇闈堟椿锛屼絾鍦ㄩ潏娲荤殑鍚屾檪(sh铆)涔熷皫(d菐o)鑷寸畻娉曠殑閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎬ц畩宸�銆�

杩戝勾渚嗘湁涓€浜涙柊鐨勭爺绌舵墜娈靛绁炵稉(j墨ng)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)銆侀伜鍌崇畻娉曞拰灏忔尝鏂规硶绛夎寮曞叆鍒板湒鍍忓垎鍓茬殑闁惧€奸伕鍙栦腑[65-69]锛屽叾鏁堟灉浠嶅湪鎺㈢储涔嬩腑銆�

闆栫劧鏈夎ū澶氬湒鍍忓垎鍓茬殑鏂规硶锛岄€欎簺绠楁硶鐨勫叡鎬у晱椤屽湪浜庡垎鍓茬簿搴﹁垏鎶楀櫔鎬х殑鐭涚浘锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)锛岄珮瀵�(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鎬ц檿鐞嗙畻娉曠殑鐮旂┒閬�(yu菐n)閬�(yu菐n)婊悗浜庨€氱敤鍦栧儚铏曠悊绠楁硶鐨勭爺绌�锛屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬瀵�(sh铆)闅涚敓鐢�(ch菐n)涓殑涓€浜涚畻娉曞湪婧�(zh菙n)纰烘€с€佸(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鎬у拰鍙搷浣滄€т笂涔熼倓瀛樺湪杓冨ぇ鐨勫洶闆�銆傝嚦浠婏紝鍦栧儚鍒嗗壊绠楁硶澶ч兘鏄嚌灏嶅叿楂斿晱椤屾墍鎻愬嚭鐨�锛岄洊鐒舵瘡骞撮兘鏈夋柊鐨勫湒鍍忓垎鍓茬畻娉曟彁鍑�锛屼絾鏄苟娌掓湁涓€绋€氱敤鐨勭畻娉曡兘閬╃敤浜庢墍鏈夌殑鍦栧儚鍒嗗壊铏曠悊銆�

2.3鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇鍙婂叾閬告搰绠楁硶

鍦栧儚鐨勭壒寰佹彁鍙栧彲鐞嗚В鐐哄緸楂樼董鍦栧儚绌洪枔鍒颁綆缍壒寰佺┖闁撶殑鏄犲皠锛屾槸鍩轰簬姗�(j墨)鍣ㄨ瑕虹殑琛ㄩ潰缂洪櫡妾㈡脯鐨勯噸瑕佷竴鐠�(hu谩n)锛屽叾鏈夋晥鎬у皪鍚庣簩(x霉)缂洪櫡鐩(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)鍒ョ簿搴︺€佽▓(j矛)绠楀京(f霉)闆滃害銆侀妫掓€х瓑鍧囨湁閲嶅ぇ褰遍熆銆傜壒寰佹彁鍙栫殑鍩烘湰鎬濇兂鏄娇鐩(bi膩o)鍦ㄥ緱鍒扮殑瀛愮┖闁撲腑鍏锋湁杓冨皬鐨勯鍏�(n猫i)鑱氭暎搴﹀拰杓冨ぇ鐨勯闁撹仛鏁ｅ害銆傜洰鍓嶅父鐢ㄧ殑鍦栧儚鐗瑰緛涓昏鏈夌磱鐞嗙壒寰�銆侀鑹茬壒寰併€佸舰鐙€鐗瑰緛绛�銆�

2.3.1绱嬬悊鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇

绱嬬悊鏄〃閬�(d谩)鍦栧儚鐨勪竴绋噸瑕佺壒寰�锛屽畠涓嶄緷璩翠簬椤忚壊鎴栦寒搴﹁€屽弽鏄犲湒鍍忕殑鍚岃唱(zh矛)鐝�(xi脿n)璞★紝鍙嶆槧浜嗚〃闈㈢祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绲勭箶鎺掑垪鐨勯噸瑕佷俊鎭互鍙婂畠鍊戣垏鍛ㄥ湇鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪殑鑱�(li谩n)绯�銆傝垏椤忚壊鐗瑰緛鍜岀伆搴︾壒寰佷笉鍚岋紝绱嬬悊鐗瑰緛涓嶆槸鍩轰簬鍍忕礌榛�(di菐n)鐨勭壒寰�锛屽畠闇€瑕佸湪鍖呭惈澶氬€�(g猫)鍍忕礌榛�(di菐n)鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩熶腑閫�(j矛n)琛岀当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)瑷�(j矛)绠楋紝鍗冲眬閮ㄦ€�锛涘悓鏅�(sh铆)锛屽眬閮ㄧ磱鐞嗕俊鎭篃瀛樺湪涓嶅悓绋嬪害鐨勯噸寰�(f霉)鎬�锛屽嵆鍏ㄥ眬鎬�銆傜磱鐞嗙壒寰佸父鍏锋湁鏃嬭綁(zhu菐n)涓嶈畩鎬�锛屽苟涓斿皪浜庡櫔鑱叉湁杓冨挤(qi谩ng)鐨勬姷鎶楄兘鍔�銆�

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1)绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)娉�銆傜当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鏂规硶灏囩磱鐞嗙湅鐢ㄩ毃姗�(j墨)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛屽緸绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)瀛�(xu茅)鐨勮搴︿締鍒嗘瀽闅ㄦ(j墨)璁婇噺鐨勫垎甯�锛屽緸鑰屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)灏嶅湒鍍忕磱鐞嗙殑鎻忚堪銆傜洿鏂瑰湒鐗瑰緛鏄渶绨″柈鐨勭当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐗瑰緛锛屼絾瀹冨彧鍙嶆槧浜嗗湒鍍忕伆搴﹀嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勬鐜�锛屾矑鏈夊弽鏄犲儚绱犵殑绌洪枔鍒嗗竷淇℃伅锛涚伆搴﹀叡鐢熺煩(GLCM)鏄熀浜庡儚绱犵殑绌洪枔鍒嗗竷淇℃伅鐨勫父鐢ㄧ当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鏂规硶锛涘眬閮ㄤ簩鍊兼ā寮�(LBP)鍏锋湁鏃嬭綁(zhu菐n)涓嶈畩鎬у拰澶氬昂搴︽€с€佽▓(j矛)绠楃啊鍠�锛涙澶朇ONTROLENGINEERINGChina鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈夛紝閭勬湁琛岀▼闀峰害绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)娉�銆佺伆搴﹀樊鍒嗙当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)娉曠瓑锛屽洜瑷�(j矛)绠楅噺澶�銆佹晥鏋滀笉绐佸嚭鑰岄檺鍒朵簡鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

(1)鐩存柟鍦栫壒寰併€傚湒鍍忕殑鐩存柟鍦栨彁渚涗簡鍦栧儚鐨勮ū澶氫俊鎭拰鐗瑰緛锛屽父鐢ㄧ殑鐩存柟鍦栫壒寰佹湁鏈€澶у€�銆佹渶灏忓€�銆佸潎鍊�銆佷腑鍊�銆佸€煎煙銆佺喌銆佹柟宸拰鐔电瓑銆傛澶朇ONTROLENGINEERINGChina鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈夛紝鐩存柟鍦栧皪姣旂当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐗瑰緛锛屽L1鑼冩暩(sh霉)銆丩2鑼冩暩(sh霉)銆丅hattacharyya璺濋洟銆丮atusita璺濋洟銆佹涓€鍖栫浉闂�(gu膩n)绯荤当(t菕ng)绛夛紝浜﹀父鐢ㄤ綔绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐗瑰緛[70]銆�

鐩存柟鍦栫壒寰佹柟娉曡▓(j矛)绠楃啊鍠�銆佸叿鏈夊钩绉诲拰鏃嬭綁(zhu菐n)涓嶈畩鎬�銆佸皪椤忚壊鍍忕礌鐨勭簿纰虹┖闁撳垎甯冧笉鏁忔劅绛�锛屾墍浠ュ湪琛ㄩ潰妾㈡脯銆佺己闄疯瓨(sh铆)鍒ュ緱鍒颁笉灏戞噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

(2)鐏板害鍏辩敓鐭�銆侶aralick绛変汉[71]鎻愬嚭鐨勭伆搴﹀叡鐢熺煩鏄竴绋唬娉涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑浣跨敤绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐗瑰緛渚嗘弿杩扮磱鐞嗙殑鏂规硶銆傜伆搴﹀叡鐢熺煩闄ｅ氨鏄緸鍦栧儚鐏板害绱氱偤鐨勫儚绱犲嚭鐧�(f膩)锛岀当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鑸囧叾璺濋洟鐐�銆佺伆搴︾礆鐐虹殑鍍忕礌鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勬鐜囥€備竴鑸彇0掳銆�45掳銆�90掳鍜�135掳閫�4鍊�(g猫)鏂瑰悜銆傜伆搴﹀叡鐢熺煩闄ｅ弽鏄犱簡鍦栧儚鐏板害闂�(gu膩n)浜庢柟鍚�銆佺浉閯伴枔闅斻€佽畩鍖栧箙搴︾殑缍滃悎淇℃伅锛屾墍浠ュ彲浠ヤ綔鐐哄垎鏋愬湒鍍忓熀鍏冨拰鎺掑垪绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勪俊鎭€�

GLCM鍏辨湁14绋磱鐞嗙壒寰�锛屾枃鐛�(xi脿n)[72-74]鐮旂┒浜咷LCM绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)閲忕殑鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎬у苟鎻愬嚭浜嗘洿鏈夋晥鐨勭磱鐞嗙壒寰侀噺锛屼絾鏄枃鐛�(xi脿n)[75]瑾�(r猫n)鐐哄儏鏈�4鍊�(g猫)鐗瑰緛锛屽嵆灏嶆瘮搴�銆佺浉闂�(gu膩n)鎬с€佽兘閲�(鍜屽悓璩�(zh矛)鎬ф槸涓嶇浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨�锛屾墍浠ワ紝鐐烘笡灏戣▓(j矛)绠楅噺锛屾彁楂樼壒寰佸垎椤炵簿搴�锛屽父鍙栭€�4鍊�(g猫)鐗瑰緛浣滅偤GLCM鐗瑰緛銆侴LCM鍦ㄥ湒鍍忕殑绱嬬悊鍒嗘瀽涓崰鏈夐噸瑕佺殑鍦颁綅锛屽湪鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇鍜岀己闄锋娓瓑鏂归潰鏈夎憲寤ｆ硾鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�

(3)灞€閮ㄤ簩鍊兼ā寮�(LBP)銆傚眬閮ㄤ簩鍊兼ā寮忔渶鏃╃敱Ojala鎻愬嚭锛屽畠寮曞叆浜嗙磱鐞嗗熀鍏冪殑鎬濇兂锛屾槸涓€鍊�(g猫)绨″柈浣嗛潪甯告湁鏁堢殑绱嬬悊閬�(y霉n)绠楃銆侺BP灏囧悇鍊�(g猫)鍍忕礌鑸囧叾闄勮繎鐨勫儚绱犻€�(j矛n)琛屾瘮杓冿紝骞舵妸绲�(ji茅)鏋滀繚瀛樼偤浜岄€�(j矛n)鍒舵暩(sh霉)锛屽嵆瀹冪敤浜岄€�(j矛n)鍒朵綅琛ㄩ仈(d谩)灞€閮ㄩ劙鍩熼粸(di菐n)鑸囦腑蹇冮粸(di菐n)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屾墍鏈夐劙鍩熼粸(di菐n)鐨勪簩閫�(j矛n)鍒朵綅鐢ㄤ締鎻忚堪灞€閮ㄧ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)淇℃伅鐨勬ā寮�銆�

LBP灏嶈濡傚厜鐓ц畩鍖栫瓑閫犳垚鐨勫湒鍍忕伆搴﹁畩鍖栧叿鏈夎純寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勯妫掓€ONTROLENGINEERINGChina鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈夛紝鎵€浠ュ眬閮ㄤ簩鍊兼ā寮忕畻娉曞凡寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬琛ㄩ潰缂洪櫡妾㈡脯锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)锛屽湪鎸囩磱璀�(sh铆)鍒�銆佸厜瀛�(xu茅)瀛楃璀�(sh铆)鍒ャ€佷汉鑷夎瓨(sh铆)鍒ュ強杌婄墝璀�(sh铆)鍒ョ瓑闋�(l菒ng)鍩熶篃鏈夋噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傜敱浜嶭BP瑷�(j矛)绠楃啊鍠�锛屼篃鍙互鐢ㄤ簬瀵�(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)妾㈡脯銆�

鐩墠鍑虹従(xi脿n)浜嗕竴浜涙敼閫�(j矛n)鐨凩BP绠楁硶銆俆an绛変汉[76]鎻愬嚭浜嗗眬閮ㄤ笁鍊兼ā寮�(LTP)锛屽嵆閫氶亷瑷�(sh猫)瀹氶柧鍊煎皣閯板煙鑸囦腑蹇冪浉浼肩殑鐙€鎱�(t脿i)浣滅偤涓枔鐙€鎱�(t脿i)锛屽緸鑰屽皣鎿�(ku貌)灞曞眬閮ㄩ劙鍩熼棞(gu膩n)绯荤偤涓夌ó鐙€鎱�(t脿i)銆傚湪姝ゅ熀绀�(ch菙)涓婏紝Nanni绛変汉[77]灏囧眬閮ㄩ棞(gu膩n)绯绘摯(ku貌)灞曞埌鍥涚ó鐙€鎱�(t脿i)銆備篃鏈夊(xu茅)鑰呭皣LBP鐢卞偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨�2缍壒寰佹敼閫�(j矛n)鍒�3缍壒寰佷富瑕佺敤浜庤闋诲垎鏋怺78-80]銆傛澶朇ONTROLENGINEERINGChina鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈�锛屾湁瀛�(xu茅)鑰呭皣LBP琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鐨勫眬閮ㄤ俊鎭垏鍏朵粬淇℃伅鎴栫畻娉曠祼(ji茅)鍚堟(g貌u)鎴愯伅(li谩n)鍚堢壒寰侀噺锛屽Tan绛変汉[81]鑱�(li谩n)鍚圠BP鐗瑰緛鍜孏abor灏忔尝鐗瑰緛閫�(j矛n)琛屼汉鑷夌殑璀�(sh铆)鍒�锛孒uang绛変汉[82]灏嘗BP鍜孲IFT绠楁硶绲�(ji茅)鍚堢敤浜庝汉鑷夌殑3缍瓨(sh铆)鍒ャ€傝硛姘稿墰[83]鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绋绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫眬閮ㄤ簩鍊兼ā寮忥紝瑭茬畻娉曠祼(ji茅)鍚堝悇鍚戝悓鎬ч噰妯ｅ拰鍚勫悜鐣版€ч噰妯ｅ皪灞€閮ㄤ簩鍊兼ā寮忛€�(j矛n)琛屾摯(ku貌)灞�锛屽埄鐢ㄥ湒鍍忛噾瀛楀鎻愬彇绱嬬悊鍦栧儚鐨勫井绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽畯绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)淇℃伅銆�

(4)鑷浉闂�(gu膩n)鍑芥暩(sh霉)娉�銆傝嚜鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍑芥暩(sh霉)娉曞緸鍦栧儚鐨勮嚜鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鎻愬彇绱嬬悊鐗瑰緛锛屽嵆閫氶亷灏嶅湒鍍忕殑鑳介噺璀滃嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛屾彁鍙栫磱鐞嗙殑绮楃窗(x矛)搴﹀強鏂瑰悜鎬х瓑鐗瑰緛鍙冩暩(sh霉)銆傚皪浜庤(gu墨)鍓囩磱鐞嗗湒鍍忥紝鍥犲叾鑷浉闂�(gu膩n)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍏锋湁娉㈠嘲鍜屾尝璋�锛屾晠鍙敤鍏堕€�(j矛n)琛岃〃闈㈡娓�锛屼絾鑷浉闂�(gu膩n)鍑芥暩(sh霉)娉曚笉閬╃敤浜庝笉瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩磱鐞嗗湒鍍�銆�

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寰愮绛変汉[106]灏囧垎褰㈢董鏁�(sh霉)浣滅偤鐗瑰緛閲�锛屽埄鐢≒eleg姣钃嬫硶瑷�(j矛)绠楀湒鍍忓湪涓嶅悓灏哄害涓嬬殑鍒嗗舰缍暩(sh霉)锛岄€氶亷灏哄害鈥斿垎褰㈢董鏁�(sh霉)鏇茬窔鍦栦及瑷�(j矛)鏈€鍎�(y艒u)灏哄害锛岀敤浜庡皪鐔辫粙甯堕嫾琛ㄩ潰缂洪櫡鐨勮嚜鍕�(d貌ng)璀�(sh铆)鍒ワ紝鍙栧緱浜嗚壇濂界殑鏁堟灉銆傛潕鎱朵腑绛変汉[107]鍩轰簬鍒嗗舰鐗瑰緛閫�(j矛n)琛屾按鏋滅己闄峰揩閫熻瓨(sh铆)鍒ョ爺绌�锛岄€氶亷瑭叉柟娉曟彁鍙栫殑绱嬬悊鐗瑰緛涓嶅彈鍏夌収寮�(qi谩ng)搴﹁畩鍖栫殑褰遍熆锛屼笖鍏锋湁骞崇Щ銆佹棆杞�(zhu菐n)鍜岀府鏀句笉璁婃€�銆�

5)绱嬬悊鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇绠楁硶姣旇純銆備笂杩扮磱鐞嗙壒寰佹彁鍙栨柟娉曞悇鏈夊叾鍎�(y艒u)缂洪粸(di菐n)锛岀附鐨勭湅渚�锛屽彲浠ュ緸浠ヤ笅骞惧€�(g猫)瑙掑害渚嗕及瑷�(j矛)鍏跺劒(y艒u)鍕㈠拰涓嶈冻锛氳▓(j矛)绠楃殑寰�(f霉)闆滃害锛屾槸鍚﹀埄鐢ㄤ簡鍏ㄥ眬淇℃伅锛屾槸鍚﹀叿鏈夊鍒嗚鲸鐗瑰緛鍙婃槸鍚﹁垏浜洪瑕栬鎰熷彈涓€鑷�銆�

绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)娉曟柟娉曠啊鍠�銆佹槗浜庡(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)锛岀壒鍒ユ槸GLCM鏂规硶鍏锋湁杓冨挤(qi谩ng)鐨勯仼鎳�(y墨ng)鎬у拰榄鎬�锛涗絾缂哄皯鍦栧儚鐨勫叏灞€淇℃伅锛岀磱鐞嗗昂搴﹂枔鍍忕礌鐨勪緷璩撮棞(gu膩n)绯婚洠浜庣櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屾矑鏈夎伅(li谩n)绯讳汉椤炵殑瑕栬妯″瀷銆傛ā鍨嬫柟娉曟棦鑰冩叜浜嗙磱鐞嗗眬閮ㄧ殑闅ㄦ(j墨)鎬�锛屽張鑰冩叜浜嗙磱鐞嗘暣楂旂殑瑕�(gu墨)寰嬫€э紝闈堟椿鎬ц純澶ONTROLENGINEERINGChina鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈�锛岃€屼笖涔熺爺绌朵簡绱嬬悊鐨勫鍒嗚鲸鎬э紱浣嗘ā鍨嬬殑鍙冩暩(sh霉)浼拌▓(j矛)鏈変竴瀹氱殑闆ｅ害锛岃€屼笖瑷�(j矛)绠楅噺杓冨ぇ銆備俊铏熸柟娉曡兘灏嶇磱鐞嗛€�(j矛n)琛屽鍒嗚鲸鎻忚堪锛岃兘灏囩┖鍩熷拰闋诲煙鐩哥祼(ji茅)鍚堝皪绱嬬悊閫�(j矛n)琛岀爺绌讹紝涔熺鍚堜汉椤炵殑瑕栬鎸佸緛锛涗絾姝ｄ氦灏忔尝璁婃彌灏嶉珮闋婚儴鍒嗘矑鏈夐€�(j矛n)涓€姝ュ垎瑙�锛岃€屽皬娉㈠寘灏嶉潪瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩磱鐞嗗湒鍍忕殑铏曠悊鏁堟灉涓嶄匠锛屼笖瑷�(j矛)绠楅噺澶с€傜祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)娉曞彧閬╁悎浜庣磱鐞嗗熀鍏冭純澶т笖鎺掑垪瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩殑鍦栧儚锛涘皪浜庝竴鑸殑鑷劧绱嬬悊锛屽洜鍏堕毃姗�(j墨)鎬ц純寮�(qi谩ng)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)璁婂寲澶�锛岄洠浠ョ敤瑭叉柟娉曚締婧�(zh菙n)纰烘弿杩�銆備笂杩版柟娉曞悇鏈夊埄寮�锛岀爺绌朵汉鍝℃瑭﹀湒灏囦笉鍚岀殑鏂规硶绲�(ji茅)鍚堝皪绱嬬悊鐗瑰緛閫�(j矛n)琛屾瘮杓冪爺绌跺拰铻嶅悎鎻愬彇銆�

2.3.2褰㈢媭鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇

褰㈢媭鐗瑰緛浜洪瑕栬閫�(j矛n)琛岀墿楂旇瓨(sh铆)鍒ユ檪(sh铆)鎵€闇€瑕佺殑闂�(gu膩n)閸典俊鎭箣涓€锛屽畠涓嶉毃鍛ㄥ湇鐨勭挵(hu谩n)澧冨浜害绛夊洜绱犵殑璁婂寲鑰岃畩鍖栵紝鏄竴绋┅(w臎n)瀹氫俊鎭�锛涚浉灏嶄簬绱嬬悊鍜岄鑹茬瓑搴曞堡鐗瑰緛鑰岃█锛屽舰鐙€鐗瑰緛灞簬鍦栧儚鐨勪腑闁撳堡鐗瑰緛銆傚湪2缍湒鍍忎腑锛屽舰鐙€閫氬父琚獚(r猫n)鐐烘槸涓€姊濆皝闁夌殑杓粨鏇茬窔鎵€鍖呭湇鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩�銆�

灏嶅舰鐙€鐗瑰緛鐨勬弿杩颁富瑕佸彲浠ュ垎鐐哄熀浜庤吉寤撳舰鐙€鑸囧熀浜庡崁(q奴)鍩熷舰鐙€鍏╅锛屽崁(q奴)鍒嗘柟娉曞湪浜庡舰鐙€鐗瑰緛鍍呭緸杓粨涓彁鍙栭倓鏄緸鏁村€�(g猫)褰㈢媭鍗€(q奴)鍩熶腑鎻愬彇銆�

1)鍩轰簬鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑褰㈢媭鐗瑰緛?锛涱媱瓒╚(q奴)鍩熺殑褰㈢媭鐗瑰緛鏄埄鐢ㄥ崁(q奴)鍩熷収(n猫i)鐨勬墍鏈夊儚绱犻泦鍚堣捣渚嗙嵅寰楃敤浠ユ弿杩扮洰妯�(bi膩o)杓粨鎵€鍖呭湇鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩熸€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫弮鏁�(sh霉)銆傞€欎簺鍙冩暩(sh霉)鏃㈠彲浠ユ槸骞句綍鍙冩暩(sh霉)锛屼篃鍙互鏄瘑搴﹀弮鏁�(sh霉)锛岄倓鍙互鏄崁(q奴)鍩�2缍畩鎻涚郴鏁�(sh霉)鎴栧倕閲岃憠璁婃彌鐨勮兘閲忚瓬?锛涱媱瓒╚(q奴)鍩熺殑褰㈢媭鐗瑰緛涓昏鏈夊咕浣曠壒寰�銆佹嫇?f霉)娴(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛銆佺煩鐗瑰緛绛�銆�

骞句綍鐗瑰緛鍖呮嫭鍗€(q奴)鍩熺啊鍠壒寰佹弿杩�锛屽闈㈢⿳銆佸懆闀�銆佽唱(zh矛)蹇�銆佸垎鏁ｅ害銆佺煩褰㈠害銆侀暦瀵瘮銆佹柟鍚戠瓑锛涢倓鍖呮嫭鍩轰簬褰㈢媭鐩镐技鎬х殑鐗瑰緛锛屽鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑鐭╁舰搴�銆佸湏褰㈠害銆佺悆褰㈠害銆佸亸蹇冪巼銆侀潰绌嶅懆闀锋瘮銆佺窗(x矛)搴�锛岄倓鏈夊熀浜庣洿鏂瑰湒銆佸熀浜庨＝鍜屽害銆佸熀浜庡舰鎱�(t脿i)鏇茬巼鍜屽閭婂舰鎻忚堪鐨勫舰鐙€鐗瑰緛绛�銆�

鎷�?f霉)娴(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛涓嶅彈鍦栧儚骞句綍鐣歌畩鐨勫奖闊�锛屾槸涓€绋笉渚濊炒浜庤窛闆㈣畩鍖栫殑鍏ㄥ眬鐗瑰緛銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑鎷�?f霉)娴(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛鏄瓙鎷夋暩(sh霉)锛屽嵆鍦栧儚鐩(bi膩o)鍗€(q奴)鍩熼€ｉ€氱祫鍏冪殑鍊�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)鑸囩洰妯�(bi膩o)鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑瀛旀暩(sh霉)涔嬪樊锛屽畠琛ㄦ槑鍦栧儚鐨勯€ｉ€氭€с€�

鐭╃壒寰佸埄鐢ㄧ洰妯�(bi膩o)鎵€鍗犲崁(q奴)鍩熺殑鐭╀綔鐐哄舰鐙€鎻忚堪鍙冩暩(sh霉)锛屽叾瑷�(j矛)绠楄鐢ㄥ埌鐩(bi膩o)鍗€(q奴)鍩熶腑鎵€鏈夌浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨勫儚绱犻粸(di菐n)锛屽洜姝ゅ緸鍏ㄥ眬鎻忚堪浜嗗皪璞＄殑鏁撮珨鐗规€�銆傜壒寰佺煩涔熷彲鐞嗚В鐐哄皣鍦栧儚鐩(bi膩o)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鎶曞奖鍒颁竴绲勫熀鍑芥暩(sh霉)涓�锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)鍩哄嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勭壒寰�锛屽彲灏囩煩鍒嗙偤闈炴浜ょ煩鍜屾浜ょ煩銆傞潪姝ｄ氦鐭╀富瑕佹湁骞句綍鐭�銆佸京(f霉)鏁�(sh霉)鐭�銆佹棆杞�(zhu菐n)鐭╃瓑銆傛涓€鍖栫殑涓績鐭╁皪鐩(bi膩o)鍦栧儚骞崇Щ銆佸昂搴﹁畩鎻涘叿鏈変笉璁婃€�銆侶u鍩轰簬涓婅堪鐭╃祫鍚堣€屾垚浜�7鍊�(g猫)缍�(j墨ng)鍏镐笉璁婇噺锛岃绋辩偤Hu涓嶈畩鐭108]锛屽叿鏈夊钩绉�銆佹棆杞�(zhu菐n)鍜屾瘮渚嬩笉璁婃€с€傛浜ょ煩鍙堝垎鐐洪€ｇ簩(x霉)姝ｄ氦鐭╁拰闆㈡暎姝ｄ氦鐭�銆傞€ｇ簩(x霉)姝ｄ氦鐭╀富瑕佹湁Zernike鐭�銆佸伣Zernike鐭�銆丩egendre鐭�銆佹浜ourier-Mellin鐭�锛岄洟鏁ｆ浜ょ煩涓昏鏈塁hebyshev鐭┿€並rawtchouk鐭109]銆�

2)鍩轰簬杓粨鐨勫舰鐙€鐗瑰緛?锛涱媱璋冲枮顎旂敺铻よ牪鏋嬮緡顛疯弽螤榧戭寭绻�?bi膩o)鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑杓粨鐨勬弿杩�锛屼富瑕佹湁閭婄晫鐗瑰緛娉�(閭婄晫褰㈢媭鏁�(sh霉)銆侀倞鐣岀煩绛�)銆佺啊鍠咕浣曠壒寰�(濡傚懆闀�銆佸崐寰�銆佹洸鐜�銆侀倞绶ｅぞ瑙�)銆佸熀浜庤畩鎻涘煙(濡傚倕閲岃憠鎻忚堪绗�銆佸皬娉㈡弿杩扮)銆佹洸鐜囧昂搴︾┖闁�(CSS)銆佹暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)褰㈡厠(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)銆侀湇澶畩鎻�銆佸皬娉㈡弿杩扮绛夋柟娉�銆�

鍩轰簬杓粨鐨勭壒寰佹湁濡備笅鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)锛氳吉寤撴洿鑳藉弽鏄犱汉椤炲崁(q奴)鍒嗕簨鐗╃殑褰㈢媭宸暟锛屼笖杓粨鐗瑰緛鎵€鍖呭惈鐨勪俊鎭純澶�锛岃兘娓涘皯瑷�(j矛)绠楃殑寰�(f霉)闆滃害锛涗絾鏄�锛岃吉寤撶壒寰佸皪浜庡櫔鑱插拰褰㈣畩姣旇純鏁忔劅锛屾湁浜涘舰鐙€鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑鐒℃硶鎻愬彇杓粨淇℃伅銆�

2.3.3椤忚壊鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇

椤忚壊鐗瑰緛鏄汉椤炴劅鐭ュ拰鍗€(q奴)鍒嗕笉鍚岀墿楂旂殑涓€绋熀鏈瑕虹壒寰侊紝鏄竴绋叏灞€鐗瑰緛锛屾弿杩颁簡鍦栧儚鎴栧湒鍍忓崁(q奴)鍩熸墍灏嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬櫙鐗╃殑琛ㄩ潰鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆傞鑹茬壒寰佸皪浜庡湒鍍忕殑鏃嬭綁(zhu菐n)銆佸钩绉�銆佸昂搴﹁畩鍖栭兘涓嶆晱鎰�锛岃〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍑鸿純寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勯妫掓€с€傞鑹叉ā鍨嬩富瑕佹湁HSV銆丷GB銆丠SI銆丆HL銆丩AB銆丆MY绛�銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇鑸囧尮閰嶆柟娉曞涓嬶細

1)椤忚壊鐩存柟鍦栥€傞鑹茬洿鏂瑰湒(colorhistogram)鏄渶甯哥敤鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)椤忚壊鐗瑰緛鐨勬柟娉�锛屽畠鑳界啊鍠弿杩颁竴骞呭湒鍍忎腑椤忚壊鐨勫叏灞€鍒嗗竷锛屽嵆涓嶅悓鑹插僵鍦ㄦ暣骞呭湒鍍忎腑鎵€鍗犵殑姣斾緥锛岀壒鍒ラ仼鐢ㄤ簬鎻忚堪閭ｄ簺闆ｄ互鑷嫊(d貌ng)鍒嗗壊鐨勫湒鍍忓拰涓嶉渶瑕佽€冩叜鐗╅珨绌洪枔浣嶇疆鐨勫湒鍍�锛屼笖瑷�(j矛)绠楃啊鍠�锛屽皪鍦栧儚涓殑灏嶈薄鐨勫钩绉诲拰鏃嬭綁(zhu菐n)璁婂寲涓嶆晱鎰燂紱浣嗗畠鐒℃硶鎻忚堪鍦栧儚涓鑹茬殑灞€閮ㄥ垎甯冨強姣忕ó鑹插僵鎵€铏曠殑绌洪枔浣嶇疆銆�

鐣�(d膩ng)椤忚壊鐗瑰緛骞朵笉鑳藉彇閬嶆墍鏈夊彇鍊兼檪(sh铆)锛屽湪绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)椤忚壊鐩存柟鍦栨檪(sh铆)鏈�(hu矛)鍑虹従(xi脿n)涓€浜涢浂鍊�锛岄€欎簺闆跺€煎皪瑷�(j矛)绠楃洿鏂瑰湒鐨勭浉浜ゅ付渚嗗緢澶у奖闊匡紝浣垮緱瑷�(j矛)绠楃殑绲�(ji茅)鏋滀笉鑳芥纰哄弽鏄犲叐骞呭湒鍍忎箣闁撶殑椤忚壊宸垾銆傜偤瑙ｆ焙涓婅堪鍟忛锛屽彲鍒╃敤绱⿳鐩存柟鍦栨硶銆�

2)椤忚壊闆嗐€傞鑹茬洿鏂瑰湒娉曟槸涓€绋叏灞€椤忚壊鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇鑸囧尮閰嶆柟娉�锛岀劇娉曞崁(q奴)鍒嗗眬閮ㄩ鑹蹭俊鎭�銆傞鑹查泦鏄皪椤忚壊鐩存柟鍦栫殑涓€绋繎浼�锛岄鍏堝皣鍦栧儚寰濺GB椤忚壊绌洪枔杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栨垚瑕栬鍧囪　鐨勯鑹茬┖闁�(濡侶SV绌洪枔)锛屽苟灏囬鑹茬┖闁撻噺鍖栨垚鑻ュ共鍊�(g猫)鏌�(bin)銆傜劧鍚庯紝鐢ㄨ壊褰╄嚜鍕�(d貌ng)鍒嗗壊鎶€琛�(sh霉)灏囧湒鍍忓垎鐐鸿嫢骞插崁(q奴)鍩燂紝姣忓€�(g猫)鍗€(q奴)鍩熺敤閲忓寲椤忚壊绌洪枔鐨勬煇鍊�(g猫)椤忚壊鍒嗛噺渚嗙储寮�锛屽緸鑰屽皣鍦栧儚琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鐐轰竴鍊�(g猫)浜岄€�(j矛n)鍒剁殑椤忚壊绱㈠紩闆�銆傚湪鍦栧儚鍖归厤涓�锛屾瘮杓冧笉鍚屽湒鍍忛鑹查泦涔嬮枔鐨勮窛闆㈠拰鑹插僵鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑绌洪枔闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€傚洜?y脿n)杞季顏诡嚘纾塤(d谩)鐐轰簩閫�(j矛n)鍒剁殑鐗瑰緛鍚戦噺锛屽彲缍�(j墨ng)妲�(g貌u)閫犱簩鍒嗘煡鎵炬ü渚嗗姞蹇绱㈤€熷害锛岄€欏皪浜庡ぇ瑕�(gu墨)妯＄殑鍦栧儚闆嗗悎鍗佸垎鏈夊埄銆�

3)椤忚壊鐭�銆傞鑹茬煩(colormoments)鏄彟涓€绋啊鍠€屾湁鏁堢殑椤忚壊鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇鑸囧尮閰嶆柟娉曘€傝┎鏂规硶鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)鍦ㄤ簬锛氬湒鍍忎腑浠讳綍鐨勯鑹插垎甯冨潎鍙互鐢ㄥ畠鐨勭煩渚嗚〃绀�銆傜敱浜庨鑹插垎甯冧俊鎭富瑕侀泦涓湪浣庨殠椤忚壊鐭╀腑锛屽洜姝ゅ儏閲囩敤椤忚壊鐨勪竴闅庝腑蹇冪煩銆佷簩闅庝腑蹇冪煩鍜屼笁闅庝腑蹇冪煩灏卞彲浠ヨ〃閬�(d谩)鍦栧儚鐨勯鑹茬壒寰�锛屽畠鍊戝垎鍒ヨ〃绀哄湒鍍忕殑骞冲潎椤忚壊銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鏂瑰樊鍜屼笁娆℃牴闈炲皪绋辨€�銆傝┎鏂规硶鐨勫彟涓€鍊�(g猫)鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)鏄畠鐒￠渶灏嶉鑹茬壒寰侀€�(j矛n)琛屽悜閲忓寲銆備絾鍥�?y脿n)闂哴鏈夎€冩叜鍍忕礌鐨勭┖闁撲綅缃�锛岃┎鏂规硶浠嶅瓨鍦ㄧ簿纰哄害鍜屾簴(zh菙n)纰哄害涓嶈冻鐨勭己榛�(di菐n)銆�

4)椤忚壊鑱氬悎鍚戦噺銆傚叾鏍稿績鎬濇兂鏄細灏囧爆浜庣洿鏂瑰湒姣忎竴鍊�(g猫)鏌勭殑鍍忕礌鍒嗘垚鍏╅儴鍒�锛屽鏋滆┎鏌勫収(n猫i)鐨勬煇浜涘儚绱犳墍鍗犳摎(j霉)鐨勯€ｇ簩(x霉)鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑闈㈢⿳澶т簬绲﹀畾鐨勯柧鍊硷紝鍓囪┎鍗€(q奴)鍩熷収(n猫i)鐨勫儚绱犱綔鐐鸿仛鍚堝儚绱�锛屽惁鍓囦綔鐐洪潪鑱氬悎鍍忕礌銆�

鍦ㄧ洰鍓嶅湒鍍忚檿鐞嗙殑纭欢姊濅欢涓嬶紝鐩存帴灏嶅僵鑹插湒鍍忕殑铏曠悊鑸囧垎鏋愭槸寰�(f霉)闆滆€屽張鑰楁檪(sh铆)鐨�锛屽洜姝ゅ皪褰╄壊鍦栧儚鐨勮檿鐞嗛€氬父閮芥槸鍏堣綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫偤鐏板害鍦栧儚锛岀劧鍚庡啀鎸夌収鐏板害鍦栧儚铏曠悊鏂规硶閫�(j矛n)琛岃檿鐞�銆�

2.3.4鐗瑰緛鐨勯伕鎿�

鍦栧儚鐨勭壒寰佹彁鍙栧強鍏堕伕鎿囩殑鐩殑鏄偤浜嗘彁楂樺悗绾�(x霉)鍦栧儚璀�(sh铆)鍒ョ殑婧�(zh菙n)纰烘€у拰榄鎬�銆傚湒鍍忕殑鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗗緸鍦栧儚绌洪枔鍒扮壒寰佺┖闁撶殑杞�(zhu菐n)鎻�锛屼絾鏄苟闈炴墍鏈夌殑鐗瑰緛閮藉皪鍚庣簩(x霉)鐨勫湒鍍忚瓨(sh铆)鍒ュ拰鍒嗛鏈変綔鐢�銆傚鏋滅壒寰佹彁鍙栫殑鏁�(sh霉)閲忓锛屼娇寰楃壒寰佸悜閲忔湁杓冮珮鐨勭董鏁�(sh霉)锛岄€欎簺楂樼董鐗瑰緛涓緢鍙兘瀛樺湪鍐椾綑淇℃伅锛屽緸鑰屽皫(d菐o)鑷村湒鍍忚檿鐞嗙祼(ji茅)鏋滅殑绮剧⒑搴︿笅闄�锛涘湒鍍忕壒寰佺董搴﹂亷楂�锛岄倓鏈�(hu矛)浣垮湒鍍忚檿鐞嗙畻娉曠殑寰�(f霉)闆滃害楂樺皫(d菐o)鑷粹€滅董搴︾伣(z膩i)闆ｂ€濄€傚洜姝�锛屽皪浜庨珮缍湒鍍忕壒寰侊紝鐐轰簡闄嶄綆鎵€鎻愬彇鍦栧儚鐗瑰緛缍暩(sh霉)涔嬮枔鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)鎬�锛岄渶瑕佹秷闄ゅ湒鍍忕壒寰佷箣闁撶殑渚濊炒鎬э紝鍗抽檷缍檿鐞�锛屼篃灏辨槸寰炲湒鍍忓師濮嬬壒寰佷腑鎵惧嚭鐪熸鏈夌敤鐨勭壒寰�锛屼互闄嶄綆鍦栧儚铏曠悊绠楁硶鐨勫京(f霉)闆滃害锛屽苟鎻愰珮铏曠悊閫熷害鍜岀祼(ji茅)鏋滅殑绮剧⒑搴︼紝閫欏€�(g猫)铏曠悊閬庣▼灏辨槸鐗瑰緛鐨勯伕鎿�銆�

寰堝鐗瑰緛閬告搰鍟忛琚獚(r猫n)鐐烘槸NP鍟忛锛屽洜姝�锛屼汉鍊戜竴鑸彧鑳藉皨鎵剧壒瀹氬晱椤岀殑瑭曞児(ji脿)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)渚嗕繚璀夋墍閬告搰鐨勭壒寰佹槸鏈€鍎�(y艒u)鐨勶紝閫欎篃灏遍€犳垚浜嗙洰鍓嶇壒寰侀伕鎿囨柟娉曠溇澶�銆傜洰鍓嶏紝鐗瑰緛閬告搰鐨勬柟娉曞寘鎷細涓绘垚鍒嗗垎鏋愭硶(PCA)銆佺崹(d煤)绔嬫垚鍒嗗垎鏋愭硶(ICA)銆丗isher鍒嗘瀽娉�(FDA)銆佺浉闂�(gu膩n)鍒嗘瀽娉�(CFS)銆佽嚜绲勭箶鏄犲皠娉�(SOM)銆丷elief娉曘€侀伜鍌崇畻娉�銆佹ā鎿€€鐏硶銆乀abu鎼滅储娉曞強鍩轰簬娴佽鐨勯潪绶氭€ч檷缍柟娉曠瓑銆�

PCA鐢盤earson棣栧厛寮曞叆锛屽悗渚嗙敱Hotelling閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡鐧�(f膩)灞曘€侾CA鏄竴绋暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)闄嶇董鏂规硶锛屽叾鍩烘湰鍘熺悊閫氶亷鐮旂┒鎸囨(bi膩o)鍙冩暩(sh霉)涔嬮枔鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)鎬э紝灏嬫眰骞惧€�(g猫)缍滃悎鎸囨(bi膩o)渚嗕唬鏇垮師渚嗙溇澶氱殑鎸囨(bi膩o)锛屼娇閫欎簺缍滃悎鎸囨(bi膩o)褰兼涔嬮枔浜掍笉鐩搁棞(gu膩n)涓旇兘鐩″彲鑳藉湴浠ｈ〃鍘熶締鐨勪俊鎭噺锛屽苟鍏锋湁鏈€澶х殑鏂瑰樊锛涢€氶亷澹撶府璁婇噺鍊�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)锛岀敤杓冨皯鐨勮畩閲忓幓瑙ｉ噵鍘熷鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)涓殑澶ч儴鍒嗚畩閲�锛屽墧闄ゅ啑浣欎俊鎭紝鍗冲皣瑷卞鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎬у緢楂樼殑璁婇噺杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栨垚鍊�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)杓冨皯銆佽兘瑙ｉ噵澶ч儴鍒嗗師濮嬫暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏂瑰樊涓斿郊姝や簰鐩哥崹(d煤)绔嬬殑骞惧€�(g猫)鏂拌畩閲�锛屽嵆鎵€璎傜殑涓绘垚鍒�銆�

PCA瑷�(sh猫)娉曞皣鍘熶締鐪惧鍏锋湁涓€瀹氱浉闂�(gu膩n)鎬у€�(g猫)鎸囨(bi膩o)锛岄噸鏂扮祫鍚堟垚涓€绲勬柊鐨勪簰鐩哥劇闂�(gu膩n)鐨勭稖鍚堟寚妯�(bi膩o)渚嗕唬鏇垮師渚嗙殑鎸囨(bi膩o)銆傚皣閬稿彇鐨勭涓€鍊�(g猫)绶氭€х祫鍚堝嵆绗竴鍊�(g猫)缍滃悎璁婇噺鏂瑰樊鏈€澶с€佷俊鎭渶澶�锛岀ū鐐虹涓€涓绘垚鍒嗭紱濡傛灉绗竴涓绘垚鍒嗕笉瓒充互浠ｈ〃鍘熶締鍊�(g猫)璁婇噺鐨勪俊鎭�锛屽啀閬稿彇绗簩鍊�(g猫)绶氭€х祫鍚堝嵆绗簩涓绘垚鍒嗭紝渚濇椤炴帹銆�

PCA鏄竴绋窔鎬х祫鍚堟柟娉�锛屽畠鑳藉湪鐩″彲鑳藉ソ鐨勪唬琛ㄥ師濮嬫暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勫墠鎻愪笅锛岃兘閬庣窔鎬ц畩鎻涘皣楂樼董绌洪枔鐨勬ǎ鏈暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鎶曞奖鍒颁綆缍┖闁�锛屽洜鍏惰▓(j矛)绠楃啊鍠笖渚夸簬鍒嗘瀽鑰屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ唬娉涖€�

濡傛灉鍩轰簬鏈€灏廙SE渚嗛檷浣庣壒寰佸悜閲忕殑缍暩(sh霉)锛屽墖PCA鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋滄槸鏈€鍎�(y艒u)鐨勶紝浣嗗洜PCA鎵€鐛插緱鐨勭壒寰佸悜閲忕殑鍚勫垎閲忎箣闁撴槸涓嶇浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨�锛屾晠PCA鐒℃硶婊胯冻鐗瑰緛鍚戦噺鐨勫悇鍒嗛噺涔嬮枔鏄当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐛�(d煤)绔嬬殑銆傜崹(d煤)绔嬫垚鍒嗗垎鏋�(ICA)锛屾渶鏃╂噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬鐩叉簮淇¤櫉鍒嗛洟(BBS)銆侷CA鏂规硶鏈€鏃╂槸鐢辨硶鍦嬬殑Herault鍜孞utten浜�80骞翠唬涓湡鎻愬嚭渚嗙殑锛孖CA鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈€濇兂鏄緸涓€绲勬贩鍚堢殑瑙€娓俊铏熶腑鍒嗛洟鍑虹崹(d煤)绔嬩俊铏�锛屾垨鑰呯洝鍙兘鐛�(d煤)绔嬬殑淇¤櫉灏嶅叾浠栦俊铏熼€�(j矛n)琛岃〃寰�銆�

ICA鐨勪富瑕佷换鍕�(w霉)鏄郸瀹氫竴鍊�(g猫)缍壒寰佸悜閲�锛岀⒑瀹氫竴鍊�(g猫)脳鐨勮畩鎻涚煩闄�(鍒嗛洟鐭╅櫍)锛屼娇寰楄畩鎻涘悗鐨勫悜閲忕殑鍚勫垎閲忔豢瓒充簰鐩哥当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐛�(d煤)绔嬬殑鐗规€�銆侷CA鏂规硶鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸垫槸濡備綍蹇€熸眰鍙栨渶鍎�(y艒u)鐨勫垎闆㈢煩闄ｏ紝鏍规摎(j霉)姹傚彇鍒嗛洟鐭╅櫍鐨勬柟娉�锛孖CA绠楁硶鏈塈nfomax绠楁硶銆佸嘲搴︿及瑷�(j矛)娉曘€佸揩閫烮CA绠楁硶绛�銆�

PCA鍜孖CA鎵€褰㈡垚鐨勬柊鐗瑰緛鍚勫垎閲忎箣闁撴槸浜掍笉鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎴栨槸绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐛�(d煤)绔嬬殑锛屽緸鐞嗚珫涓婄瓑鍍�(ji脿)浜庝娇寰椾簩闅庢垨楂橀殠浜ゅ弶绱⿳閲忔渶灏忋€傚鏋滄牴鎿�(j霉)浜岄殠鎴栭珮闅庝氦鍙夌疮绌嶉噺妲�(g貌u)閫犱竴鍊�(g猫)婧�(zh菙n)鍓囧嚱鏁�(sh霉)锛屽墖鐗瑰緛鍎�(y艒u)鍖栧晱椤屽彲鐞嗚В鐐哄熀浜庢簴(zh菙n)鍓囧嚱鏁�(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛岀壒寰佺殑鍎�(y艒u)鍖�锛屽嵆閫氶亷鏈€灏忓寲鐨勬簴(zh菙n)鍓囧嚱鏁�(sh霉)锛屽湪姒傜巼鎰忕京涓婅▓(j矛)绠楀嚭鍟忛鐨勫叏灞€鏈€鍎�(y艒u)瑙�锛屽熀浜庣祫鍚堝劒(y艒u)鍖栫殑鐗瑰緛閬告搰灏辨槸鍩轰簬涓婅堪鍘熺悊鐨�锛屽父鐢ㄧ殑绲勫悎鍎�(y艒u)鍖栫畻娉曟湁閬哄偝绠楁硶銆佹ā鎿€€鐏畻娉曞拰Tabu鎼滅储绠楁硶绛�銆�

閬哄偝绠楁硶(GA)鏄敱缇庡湅Michigan澶у(xu茅)鐨凥olland鏁欐巿鏍规摎(j霉)Darwin鐨勭敓鐗╅€�(j矛n)鍖栬珫鍜孧endel鐨勯伜鍌宠畩鐣扮悊璜栨彁鍑虹殑涓€绋熀浜庣ó缇ゆ悳绱㈢殑鍎�(y艒u)鍖栫畻娉�銆傚叾鎬濇兂鏄毃姗�(j墨)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷垵濮嬬ó缇�,閫氶亷閬告搰(reproduction)銆佷氦鍙�(crossover)鍜岃畩鐣�(mutation)绛夐伜鍌崇畻瀛愮殑鍏卞悓浣滅敤浣跨ó缇や笉鏂烽€�(j矛n)鍖�锛屾渶绲傚緱鍒版渶鍎�(y艒u)瑙�銆�

鍩轰簬閬哄偝绠楁硶鐨勭己闄风壒寰佸劒(y艒u)鍖栫殑鍩烘湰鎬濇兂鏄細鍏堝皪寰呭皨鍎�(y艒u)鐨勭己闄风壒寰佸弮鏁�(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛岀法纰�锛屾寜涓€瀹氳(gu墨)妯″垵濮嬪寲绋兢锛岀ó缇や腑鐨勬瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)楂斿氨浠ｈ〃浜嗕竴鍊�(g猫)鍙兘鐨勮В锛涚劧鍚庢牴鎿�(j霉)閬╂噳(y墨ng)搴﹀€煎嚱鏁�(sh霉)瑷�(j矛)绠楁瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)楂旂殑閬╂噳(y墨ng)搴﹀€煎苟渚濇姹哄畾閬哄偝鎿嶄綔锛屽啀鎸変竴瀹氱殑姒傜巼灏嶇ó缇ら€�(j矛n)琛屼氦鍙夈€佽畩鐣�锛岀洿鑷虫豢瓒崇祩姝㈡浠剁祼(ji茅)鏉�銆�

妯℃摤閫€鐏畻娉曟槸涓€绋眰瑙ｅ湪瑕�(gu墨)妯＄祫鍚堝劒(y艒u)鍖栧晱椤岀殑闅ㄦ(j墨)鎬ф柟娉�锛屽畠浠ュ劒(y艒u)鍖栧晱椤岀殑姹傝В鑸囩墿鐞嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)閫€鐏亷绋嬬殑鐩镐技鎬х偤鍩虹(ch菙)锛屽埄鐢╩etropolis绠楁硶骞堕仼鐣�(d膩ng)鎺у埗婧害鐨勪笅闄嶉亷绋嬪(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)妯℃摤閫€鐏�锛屽緸鑰屽緱鍒板叏灞€鏈€鍎�(y艒u)瑙�銆傛枃鐛�(xi脿n)[110]鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绋熀浜庤嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)妯℃摤閫€鐏畻娉曠殑鐗瑰緛閬告搰鏂规硶锛岃┎鏂规硶灏囨ā鎿€€鐏畻娉曞祵鍏ュ埌鑷仼鎳�(y墨ng)閬哄偝绠楁硶鐨勫惊鐠�(hu谩n)楂斾腑锛岄伩鍏嶉櫡鍏ュ眬閮ㄦ渶鍎�(y艒u)瑙�銆�

Tabu鎼滅储娉曟渶鏃╃敱缇庡湅Glover鏁欐巿鎻愬嚭锛屽畠鏄皪灞€閮ㄩ牁(l菒ng)鍩熸悳绱㈢殑涓€绋摯(ku貌)灞�锛屾槸涓€绋叏灞€閫愭灏嬪劒(y艒u)绠楁硶銆俆abu鎼滅储娉曞緸涓€鍊�(g猫)鍒濆鍙瑙ｅ嚭鐧�(f膩)锛岄伕鎿囦竴绯诲垪鐨勭壒瀹氭悳绱㈡柟鍚戜綔鐐鸿│鎺�锛岄伕鎿囧(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)璁撶壒瀹氱殑鐩(bi膩o)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍊艰畩鍖栨渶澶氱殑鎼滅储銆傜偤浜嗛伩鍏嶉櫡鍏ュ眬閮ㄦ渶鍎�(y艒u)瑙�锛岄噰鐢ㄤ簡涓€绋潏娲荤殑鈥滆鎲垛€濇妧琛�(sh霉)锛屽皪宸茬稉(j墨ng)閫�(j矛n)琛岀殑鍎�(y艒u)鍖栭亷绋嬮€�(j矛n)琛岃閷勫拰閬告搰锛屾寚灏�(d菐o)涓嬩竴姝ョ殑鎼滅储鏂瑰悜銆傜偤浜嗚兘澶犻€冨嚭灞€閮ㄦサ鍊煎拰閬垮厤寰挵(hu谩n)锛岀畻娉曚腑瑷�(sh猫)缃簡绂佹琛�锛岀暥(d膩ng)鎼滅储鐨勮В鍦ㄧ姝㈣〃涓檪(sh铆)锛屽墖鏀炬瑭茶В銆俆abu鎼滅储娉曞彲浠ラ潏娲诲湴浣跨敤绂佹琛ㄨ閷勬悳绱㈤亷绋�锛屽緸鑰屼娇鎼滅储鏃㈣兘鎵惧埌灞€閮ㄦ渶鍎�(y艒u)瑙�锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)鍙堣兘瓒婇亷灞€閮ㄦサ鍊煎緱鍒版洿鍎�(y艒u)鐨勮В銆�

PCA鍜孖CA绛夌窔鎬ч檷缍柟娉曠啊娼旂洿瑙€銆佹暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)鍤�(y谩n)璎�(j菒n)锛屽彲杓冨ソ鐨勭櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)楂樼董鍚戦噺绌洪枔鐨勭窔鎬у瓙绌洪枔涓婄殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)闆嗙殑鍏�(n猫i)閮ㄥ咕浣曠祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽叿鏈夊唬娉涚殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€備絾绶氭€ч檷缍柟娉曢洠浠ヨВ姹洪珮缍┖闁撶殑闈炵窔鎬ф祦褰㈠(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍟忛銆傜偤姝�锛屽熀浜庢祦琛屽(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勯潪绶氭€ч檷缍柟娉曚篃鍙楀埌浜嗙鐮旇€呭€戠殑寤ｆ硾闂�(gu膩n)娉�锛屼富瑕佹湁灞€閮ㄧ窔鎬у祵鍏�(LLE)鏂规硶銆佸眬閮ㄤ繚鎸佹槧灏勬硶(LPP)銆両somap鏂规硶绛�銆傞€欎簺绠楁硶棣栧厛鏍规摎(j霉)绲﹀畾鐨勬ǎ鏈暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)闆�锛屽畾缇╀竴鍊�(g猫)鎻忚堪鎴愭暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)榛�(di菐n)鐩镐技搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯荤煩闄ｏ紝鐒跺悗瑷�(j矛)绠楅€欏€�(g猫)鐭╅櫍鐨勭壒寰佸€煎拰鐗瑰緛鍚戦噺锛岄伕鎿囧悎閬╃殑鐗瑰緛鍚戦噺鎶曞奖鍒颁綆缍┖闁�锛屽緸鑰屽緱鍒颁綆缍祵鍏ュ悜閲�銆傚洜鎵€妲�(g貌u)寤虹殑闂�(gu膩n)绯荤煩闄ｄ笉鍚�锛屾晠鏈変笉鍚岀殑绠楁硶銆�

2.4琛ㄩ潰缂洪櫡鐩(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)鍒ョ畻娉�

绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒�(statisticalpatternrecognition)鍜屽彞娉�(绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u))妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒�(syntacticpatternrecognition)鏄叐绋熀鏈殑妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒ユ柟娉�銆傚墠鑰呮槸妯″紡鐨勭当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鍒嗛鏂规硶锛屽嵆绲�(ji茅)鍚堢当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)姒傜巼鐨勮矟钁夋柉姹虹瓥绯荤当(t菕ng)閫�(j矛n)琛屾ā鍨嬭瓨(sh铆)鍒ョ殑鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屽張绋辩偤姹虹瓥鐞嗚珫璀�(sh铆)鍒ユ柟娉�锛涘悗鑰呯殑鍩烘湰鎬濇兂鏄妸涓€鍊�(g猫)妯″紡鎻忚堪鐐鸿純绨″柈鐨勫瓙妯″紡鐨勭祫鍚�锛屽瓙妯″紡鍙堝彲閫�(j矛n)涓€姝ユ弿杩扮偤鏇寸啊鍠殑瀛愭ā寮忕殑绲勫悎锛屾渶绲傚緱鍒颁竴鍊�(g猫)妯圭媭绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎻忚堪锛屽埄鐢ㄦā寮忚垏瀛愭ā寮忓垎灞ょ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬ü鐙€淇℃伅瀹屾垚妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒ヤ换鍕�(w霉)銆傛暩(sh霉)瀛楀湒鍍忕殑璀�(sh铆)鍒ュ晱椤岄€氬父閬╃敤浜庣当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒�锛岃€屽彞娉曟ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒ヤ富瑕佺敤浜庨仚鎰熷湒鍍忚瓨(sh铆)鍒�銆佹枃瀛楄瓨(sh铆)鍒ョ瓑锛岀洰鍓�锛屽熀浜庢(j墨)鍣ㄨ瑕虹殑琛ㄩ潰缂洪櫡璀�(sh铆)鍒ヤ富瑕佹秹鍙婄当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒ャ€�

绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒ユ寜鍏跺(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鏂瑰紡鍙堝垎鐐烘湁鐩�(ji膩n)鐫ｅ(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勬ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒ュ拰鐒＄洠(ji膩n)鐫ｅ(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勬ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒�銆傚墠鑰呮槸鍦ㄥ凡鐭ラ鍒ユ(bi膩o)绨界殑鐗瑰緛闆�(鍗宠〒(x霉n)绶撮泦)鍩虹(ch菙)涓婇€�(j矛n)琛屽垎椤炲櫒妲�(g貌u)寤�锛涘悗鑰呬篃绋辩偤鑱氶锛岃┎鏂规硶涓嶉渶瑕佸凡鐭ラ鍒ョ殑瑷�(x霉n)绶撮泦锛屽垎椤炲櫒鐩存帴鏍规摎(j霉)鐗瑰緛鍚戦噺涔嬮枔鐨勭浉浼兼€�锛屽皣寰呭垎椤炵殑鐗瑰緛鍚戦噺闆嗗悎鍒嗙偤鑻ュ共鍊�(g猫)瀛愰泦銆�

2.4.1鏈夌洠(ji膩n)鐫ｅ(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勬ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒�

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鏀寔鍚戦噺姗�(j墨)鏄竴绋湁鍫�(ji膩n)瀵�(sh铆)鐞嗚珫鍩虹(ch菙)鐨勫皬妯ｆ湰瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏂规硶锛屽叾鏈€绲傛焙绛栧嚱鏁�(sh霉)鍙敱灏戞暩(sh霉)鐨勬敮鎸佸悜閲忔墍纰哄畾锛岃▓(j矛)绠楃殑寰�(f霉)闆滄€у彇姹轰簬鏀寔鍚戦噺鐨勬暩(sh霉)鐩€屼笉鏄ǎ鏈┖闁撶殑缍暩(sh霉)銆係VM鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸靛湪浜庢牳鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛屼綆缍┖闁撳悜閲忛泦閫氬父闆ｄ簬鍔冨垎锛岃В姹虹殑鏂规硶鏄皣瀹冨€戞槧灏勫埌楂樼董绌洪枔锛屽彧瑕侀伕鐢ㄩ仼鐣�(d膩ng)?sh霉)鏆挄鐦�?sh霉)锛屽氨鍙互寰楀埌楂樼董绌洪枔鐨勫垎椤炲嚱鏁�(sh霉)锛岄€欏湪鏌愮ó鎰忕京涓婇伩鍏嶄簡鈥滅董鏁�(sh霉)鐏�(z膩i)闆ｂ€�锛涜€屼笖灏戞暩(sh霉)鏀寔鍚戦噺姹哄畾浜嗘渶绲傜祼(ji茅)鏋�锛岄€欐ǎ鍙互鍓旈櫎澶ч噺鍐椾綑妯ｆ湰锛屾墍浠ョ畻娉曠啊鍠€屼笖鍏锋湁杓冨ソ鐨勯妫掓€�銆傛敮鎸佸悜閲忔(j墨)鐞嗚珫鍦ㄨВ姹哄皬妯ｆ湰銆侀潪绶氭€у強楂樼董妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒ヤ腑琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍑鸿ū澶氱壒鏈夌殑鍎�(y艒u)鍕�锛屽湪琛ㄩ潰妾㈡脯銆佹ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒�銆佹晠闅滆ê鏂风瓑鏂归潰鏈夋垚鍔熺殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢紝骞惰〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍑哄緢楂樼殑鏈夋晥鎬у拰榄鎬с€�

2.4.2鐒＄洠(ji膩n)鐫ｅ(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勬ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒�

鐒＄洠(ji膩n)鐫ｅ(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勬ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒ョ殑瑷�(x霉n)绶存ǎ鏈矑鏈夐鍒ユ(bi膩o)绨�锛屼富瑕佷互鑱氶鍒嗙祫渚嗘彮绀烘ā寮忕祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼篃绋辫仛椤�銆傝仛椤炴槸涓€鍊�(g猫)灏囨暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)闆嗗妰鍒嗙偤鑻ュ共绲勬垨绨囩殑閬庣▼锛屼娇寰楀悓涓€椤炵殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶈薄涔嬮枔鐨勭浉浼煎害杓冮珮锛岃€屼笉鍚岄鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶈薄涔嬮枔鐨勭浉浼煎害杓冧綆銆�

鐩墠鍑虹従(xi脿n)浜嗗ぇ閲忕殑鑱氶绠楁硶锛屽叾閬告搰鍙栨焙浜庢暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勯鍨�銆佽仛椤炵殑鐩殑銆備富瑕佺殑鑱氶绠楁硶鍙互鍔冨垎鐐哄涓嬪咕椤烇細鍔冨垎鏂规硶銆佸堡娆℃柟娉�銆佸瘑搴︽柟娉曘€佺恫(w菐ng)鏍兼柟娉曚互鍙婃ā鍨嬫柟娉�銆�

1)鍔冨垎鏂规硶銆傚妰鍒嗘硶(partitioningmethods)鏄仛椤炲垎鏋愪腑鏈€鐐哄父瑕嬬殑涓€绋柟娉曪紝鍏剁洰鐨勬槸灏囩郸瀹氱殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶈薄闆嗛€氶亷鍔冨垎鎿嶄綔鍒嗘垚鑻ュ共鍒嗙祫锛屾瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)鍒嗙祫琛ㄧず涓€鍊�(g猫)鑱氶銆傚妰鍒嗘檪(sh铆)闇€瑕侀爯(y霉)鍏堟寚瀹氳仛椤炴暩(sh霉)鐩垨鑱氶涓績锛岄€氶亷鍙嶅京(f霉)杩唬閬�(y霉n)绠楋紝閫愭闄嶄綆鐩(bi膩o)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勮宸€�锛岀暥(d膩ng)鐩(bi膩o)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍊兼敹鏂傛檪(sh铆)锛屽緱鍒版渶绲傝仛椤炵祼(ji茅)鏋�銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑鍔冨垎娉曟湁锛欿-means銆並-medoids銆丆LARA銆丆LARANS銆並-prototypes绛�銆�

K-means绠楁硶鏄緢鍏稿瀷鐨勫熀浜庤窛闆㈢殑鑱氶绠楁硶锛岄噰鐢ㄨ窛闆綔鐐虹浉浼兼€х殑瑭曞児(ji脿)鎸囨(bi膩o)锛屽嵆瑾�(r猫n)鐐哄叐鍊�(g猫)灏嶈薄鐨勮窛闆㈣秺杩�锛屽叾鐩镐技搴﹀氨瓒婂ぇ銆傚皣K-means鏂规硶鑸囧叾浠栨妧琛�(sh霉)绲�(ji茅)鍚堝彲浠ユ彁楂楰-means鏂规硶鐨勮仛椤炶兘鍔�锛屾枃鐛�(xi脿n)[117]绲�(ji茅)鍚堥伜鍌崇畻娉曚竴瀹氱▼搴︿笂瑙ｆ焙浜嗗叏灞€鏈€鍎�(y艒u)鎴栬繎浼兼渶鍎�(y艒u)瑙ｇ殑鍟忛锛涙枃鐛�(xi脿n)[118]灏囧厤鐤畻娉曡垏K-means鑱氶鐩哥祼(ji茅)鍚�锛屾彁鍑轰簡鍩轰簬鍏嶇柅瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪殑K-means鑱氶鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶锛涙枃鐛�(xi脿n)[119]鍒╃敤鐢ㄧ獥鍙ｆ妧琛�(sh霉)鎻愰珮浜咾-means鏂规硶鐨勮仛椤炲垎鏋愯兘鍔�锛涙枃鐛�(xi脿n)[120]鍦ㄨ仛椤炲垎椤炴暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)涓噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ蹇屾悳绱㈡妧琛�(sh霉)锛涙澶朇ONTROLENGINEERINGChina鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈夛紝鏂囩嵒(xi脿n)[121]鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绋ā绯奒-prototypes绠楁硶锛岃┎绠楁硶铻嶅悎浜咾-means鍜孠-modes灏嶆暩(sh霉)鍊煎瀷鍜屽垎椤炲瀷鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勮檿鐞嗘柟娉�锛岃兘澶犺檿鐞嗘贩鍚堥鍨嬬殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛涙枃鐛�(xi脿n)[122]涓皣妯＄硦鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鐞嗚珫鑸嘖-means绠楁硶铻嶅悎锛屽皪K-means绠楁硶閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡鏈夋晥鏀归€�(j矛n)銆�

2)灞ゆ鏂规硶銆傚堡娆℃硶(HierarchicalMethods)涔熺ū鐐烘ü鑱氶绠楁硶锛屽堡娆¤仛椤炴槸灏囨暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶈薄闆嗗垎瑙ｆ垚骞剧礆閫愮礆閫�(j矛n)琛岃仛椤烇紝閬炴鍦板皪绲﹀畾鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶈薄闆嗛€�(j矛n)琛屽悎骞舵垨鍒嗚В锛岀洿鍒版豢瓒抽檺鍒舵浠剁偤姝�锛屽叾鑱氶绲�(ji茅)鏋滄渶绲備互椤炲垾妯圭殑褰㈠紡椤ず銆傚堡娆℃柟娉曟牴鎿�(j霉)鍒嗚В鏂瑰紡鐨勪笉鍚屽彲浠ュ垎鐐哄嚌鑱氬紡(agglomerative)鍜屽垎瑁傚紡(division)銆傚堡娆＄畻娉曚笉闇€瑕侀爯(y霉)鍏堟寚瀹氳仛椤炵殑鏁�(sh霉)鐩�锛屼絾鏄湪鍑濊仛鎴栧垎瑁傜殑灞ゆ鑱氶绠楁硶涓紝鐢ㄦ埗鍙互闋�(y霉)鍏堝畾缇╁笇鏈涘緱鍒扮殑鑱氶鏁�(sh霉)鐩綔鐐虹畻娉曠殑绲�(ji茅)鏉熸浠�锛岀暥(d膩ng)瑭叉浠堕仈(d谩)鍒版豢瓒虫檪(sh铆)锛岀畻娉曞皣绲傛銆傚叾浠ｈ〃绠楁硶鏈夛細BIRCH銆丆URE銆丆HAMELEON銆丷OCK銆丼BAC鍜孊UBBLE绛夈€�

灞ゆ鑱氶鐨勫劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)楂旂従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ畻娉曡兘寰楀埌涓嶅悓绮掑害鐨勫灞ゆ鑱氶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀己闄峰湪浜庢矑鏈夊叏灞€鍎�(y艒u)鍖栫殑鐩(bi膩o)鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛屽悎骞舵垨鍒嗚榛�(di菐n)鐨勯伕鎿囨瘮杓冨洶闆�锛屽皪鍣伈銆佸绔嬮粸(di菐n)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)姣旇純鏁忔劅锛屼笉閬╀簬闈炲嚫鍨嬪垎甯冪殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶈薄闆嗙瓑銆傜偤姝�锛岀爺绌惰€呭€戠郸鍑轰簡涓€浜涙敼閫�(j矛n)绠楁硶锛屽灏囧堡娆¤仛椤炲拰鍏朵粬鐨勮仛椤炲垎鏋愭妧琛�(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛岄泦鎴�锛屽舰鎴愬闅庢鑱氶绛�銆�

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USB銆佷覆鍙�銆佸苟鍙ｆ槸瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)鍜屽瑷�(sh猫)閫�(j矛n)琛岄€氳▕鐨勫父鐢ㄦ帴鍙ｏ紝浣嗗皪浜庢暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閲忓ぇ鐨勫湒鍍忎締瑾�锛屼覆琛孯S-232鍗�(xi茅)璀伴洠浜庨仈(d谩)鍒板湒鍍忛噰闆嗗(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鎬ц姹傘€俇SB鍙ｅ嵆浣胯兘婊胯冻鎵€闇€閫熷害锛屼絾瑕佹眰澶栬ō(sh猫)蹇呴爤鏀寔USB鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛岃€孶SB鍗�(xi茅)璀拌垏甯哥敤宸ョ▼杌熶欢鐨勬帴鍙ｉ倓涓嶆櫘鍙娿€侷EEE-1394鎺ュ彛鍏锋湁寤夊児(ji脿)锛岄€熷害蹇�锛屾敮鎸佺啽鎷旀彃锛屾暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几閫熺巼鍙摯(ku貌)灞�锛屾(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闁嬫斁绛夌壒榛�(di菐n)锛屽湪鐪惧闋�(l菒ng)鍩熷緱鍒颁簡寤ｆ硾鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆備絾闅ㄨ憲鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀湒鍍忛噰闆嗛€熷害鐨勬彁楂樸€佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閲忕殑澧炲ぇ锛屽師鏈夌殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婕搁洠浠ユ豢瓒抽渶姹�銆傜偤浜嗙啊鍖栨暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勯€ｆ帴锛屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)楂橀€�銆侀珮绮惧害銆侀潏娲汇€佺啊鍠殑閫ｆ帴锛屽湪NationalSemiconductor鍏徃绛夊瀹剁浉姗�(j墨)鍒堕€犲晢鍏卞悓鍒跺畾鎺ㄥ嚭浜咰ameraLink妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆侰ameraLink鏄皥闁€鐐烘暩(sh霉)瀛�?j菒n)z鍍忔(j墨)鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几鎻愬嚭鐨勬帴鍙ｆ(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛屽皥鐐烘暩(sh霉)瀛楃浉姗�(j墨)鍒跺畾鐨勪竴绋湒鍍忔暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)銆佽闋绘暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鎺у埗淇¤櫉鍙婄浉姗�(j墨)鎺у埗淇¤櫉鍌宠几?sh霉)鐩仼鈧帴鍙�锛屽叾鏈€涓昏鐗归粸(di菐n)鏄噰鐢ㄤ簡浣庡宸垎淇¤櫉(LVDS)鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屼娇鏀濆儚姗�(j墨)鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几閫熺巼澶уぇ鎻愰珮銆�

2琛ㄩ潰缂洪櫡妾㈡脯鍦栧儚铏曠悊鍜屽垎鏋愮畻娉�

2.1鍦栧儚闋�(y霉)铏曠悊绠楁硶

宸ユキ(y猫)鐝�(xi脿n)鍫撮噰闆嗙殑鍦栧儚閫氬父鍖呭惈鍣伈锛屽湒鍍忛爯(y霉)铏曠悊涓昏鐩殑鏄笡灏戝櫔鑱�锛屾敼鍠勫湒鍍忕殑璩�(zh矛)閲忥紝浣夸箣鏇撮仼鍚堜汉鐪肩殑瑙€瀵熸垨姗�(j墨)鍣ㄧ殑铏曠悊銆傚湒鍍忕殑闋�(y霉)铏曠悊閫氬父鍖呮嫭绌哄煙鏂规硶鍜岄牷鍩熸柟娉曪紝鍏剁畻娉曟湁鐏板害璁婃彌銆佺洿鏂瑰湒鍧囪　銆佸熀浜庣┖鍩熷拰闋诲煙鐨勫悇绋烤娉㈢畻娉曠瓑锛屽叾涓洿瑙€鐨勬柟娉曟槸鏍规摎(j霉)鍣伈鑳介噺涓€鑸泦涓簬楂橀牷锛岃€屽湒鍍忛牷璀滃墖鍒嗗竷浜庝竴鍊�(g猫)鏈夐檺鍗€(q奴)闁撶殑閫欎竴鐗归粸(di菐n)锛岄噰鐢ㄤ綆閫氭烤娉㈡柟寮忛€�(j矛n)琛屽幓鍣�锛屼緥濡傛粦鍕�(d貌ng)骞冲潎绐楁烤娉㈠櫒銆乄iener绶氭€ф烤鍣櫒绛�銆備笂杩板悇绋烤娉㈡柟娉曚腑锛岄牷鍩熻畩鎻涘京(f霉)闆�锛岄亱(y霉n)绠椾唬鍍�(ji脿)杓冮珮锛涚┖鍩�?y脿n)V娉㈢畻娉曢噰鐢ㄥ悇绋ā鏉垮皪鍦栧儚閫�(j矛n)琛屽嵎绌嶉亱(y霉n)绠�銆傜洿鎺ョ伆搴﹁畩鎻涙硶閫氶亷灏嶅湒鍍忔瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)鍍忕礌鎸夌収鏌愮ó鍑芥暩(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛岃畩鎻涘悗寰楀埌澧炲挤(qi谩ng)鍦栧儚锛岃畩鎻涘嚱鏁�(sh霉)涓€鑸閲囩敤绶氭€у嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆佸垎娈电窔鎬у嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆佹寚鏁�(sh霉)鍑芥暩(sh霉)銆佸皪鏁�(sh霉)鍑芥暩(sh霉)绛夛紝閬�(y霉n)绠楃啊鍠�锛屽湪婊胯冻铏曠悊鍔熻兘鐨勫墠鎻愪笅瀵�(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鎬т篃杓冮珮銆傝繎骞翠締锛屾暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)褰㈡厠(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)鏂规硶[43-44]銆佸皬娉㈡柟娉昜45-47]鐢ㄤ簬鍦栧儚鐨勫幓鍣�锛屽彇寰椾簡杓冨ソ鐨勬晥鏋�銆�

2.2鍦栧儚鍒嗗壊绠楁硶

鍦栧儚鐨勫垎鍓叉槸鎶婂湒鍍忛櫍鍒楀垎瑙ｆ垚鑻ュ共鍊�(g猫)浜掍笉浜よ凯鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩�锛屾瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)鍗€(q奴)鍩熷収(n猫i)閮ㄧ殑鏌愮ó鐗规€ф垨鐗瑰緛鐩稿悓鎴栨帴杩�锛岃€屼笉鍚屽崁(q奴)鍩熼枔鐨勫湒鍍忕壒寰佸墖鏈夋槑椤樊鍒�銆傚畠鏄敱鍦栧儚铏曠悊鍒板湒鍍忓垎鏋愮殑闂�(gu膩n)閸垫椹�?锛孎(xi脿n)鏈夌殑鍦栧儚鍒嗗壊鏂规硶涓昏鍒嗙偤鍩轰簬闁惧€肩殑鍒嗗壊鏂规硶銆佸熀浜庡崁(q奴)鍩熺殑鍒嗗壊鏂规硶銆佸熀浜庨倞绶ｇ殑鍒嗗壊鏂规硶浠ュ強鍩轰簬鐗瑰畾鐞嗚珫鐨勫垎鍓叉柟娉曠瓑銆傝繎骞翠締锛岀爺绌惰€呬笉鏂锋敼閫�(j矛n)鍘熸湁鐨勫湒鍍忓垎鍓叉柟娉曞苟鎶婂叾浠栧(xu茅)绉戠殑涓€浜涙柊鐞嗚珫鍜屾柊鏂规硶鐢ㄤ簬鍦栧儚鍒嗗壊锛屾彁鍑轰簡涓嶅皯鏂扮殑鍒嗗壊鏂规硶銆傚湒鍍忓垎鍓插悗鎻愬彇鍑虹殑鐩(bi膩o)鍙互鐢ㄤ簬鍦栧儚瑾炵京璀�(sh铆)鍒�銆佸湒鍍忔悳绱㈢瓑闋�(l菒ng)鍩熴€�

2.2.1鍩轰簬鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑鍒嗗壊绠楁硶

鍩轰簬鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑鍒嗗壊绠楁硶鍖呮嫭闁惧€煎垎鍓叉硶銆佸崁(q奴)鍩熺敓闀锋硶鍜岃仛椤炲垎鍓叉硶绛�銆�

闁惧€煎垎鍓叉硶鏄竴绋偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫湒鍍忓垎鍓叉柟娉曪紝鍏跺熀鏈師鐞嗘槸锛氶€氶亷瑷�(sh猫)瀹氫笉鍚岀殑鐏板害闁惧€�锛屾妸鍦栧儚鍍忕礌榛�(di菐n)鍒嗙偤鑻ュ共椤�銆傚洜鍏跺(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)绨″柈銆佽▓(j矛)绠楅噺灏�銆佹€ц兘杓冪┅(w臎n)瀹氳€屾垚鐐哄湒鍍忓垎鍓蹭腑鏈€鍩烘湰鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ渶寤ｆ硾鐨勫垎鍓叉柟娉曪紝鍏朵腑闁惧€肩殑閬稿彇鏄湒鍍忛柧鍊煎垎鍓叉柟娉曚腑鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸�銆�

闂�(gu膩n)浜庨柧鍊肩殑纰哄畾鏂规硶锛岀洰鍓嶆瘮杓冨父鐢ㄧ殑鏈夊浐瀹氶柧鍊兼硶銆佽嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)闁惧€兼硶銆佸鍗€(q奴)鍩熼柧鍊兼硶绛夈€傚浐瀹氶柧鍊煎垎鍓茬畻娉曞(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鎬у挤(qi谩ng)锛岄仼鐢ㄤ簬鍦栧儚鑳屾櫙鍜岀洰妯�(bi膩o)鐏板害鍊煎崁(q奴)鍒ユ槑椤殑鎯呮硜锛涜嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)闁惧€煎垎鍓茬畻娉�锛岄仼鐢ㄤ簬鐩(bi膩o)鑸囪儗鏅殑鐏板害鍊煎崁(q奴)鍒ヤ笉鏄庨’鐨勬儏娉侊紱澶氬崁(q奴)鍩熼柧鍊兼硶锛岄仼鐢ㄤ簬鐩(bi膩o)鑸囪儗鏅湪涓嶅悓鍗€(q奴)鍩熷崁(q奴)鍒ヨ純澶х殑鎯呮硜銆�

Otsu鎻愬嚭浜嗗嫊(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)闁€闄愭柟娉昜48]锛屽畠浠ョ洰妯�(bi膩o)鍜岃儗鏅箣闁撶殑鏂瑰樊鏈€澶т締鍕�(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)鍦扮⒑瀹氬湒鍍忓垎鍓查杸闄愬€�锛屼絾鐣�(d膩ng)鐩(bi膩o)鐨勭浉灏嶉潰绌嶈純灏忔檪(sh铆)锛屾鏂规硶鎬ц兘涓嶄匠銆侾un鍜孠apur绛変汉鎻愬嚭浜嗗埄鐢ㄦ渶澶у厛椹�(y脿n)鐔甸伕鍙栭柧鍊肩殑鏂规硶[49-50]锛屽緸淇℃伅璜栫殑瑙掑害閬告搰闁惧€�锛屽湪涓€瀹氱▼搴︿笂鍏嬫湇浜嗕笂杩扮畻娉曠殑缂洪粸(di菐n)锛屼絾鐣�(d膩ng)鍦栧儚鑳屾櫙寰�(f霉)闆滄檪(sh铆)鍒嗗壊鏅�(sh铆)瀹规槗鍠け閮ㄥ垎淇℃伅锛屼笖瑷�(j矛)绠楅噺杓冨ぇ銆�

Yen绛変汉鎻愬嚭浜嗗埄鐢ㄦ渶澶х浉闂�(gu膩n)鎬у師鍓囧彇浠ｅ父鐢ㄧ殑鏈€澶х喌鍘熷墖渚嗛伕鍙栭柧鍊肩殑鏂规硶[51]锛屼互鍙婂熀浜庝竴缍垨2缍洿鏂瑰湒鐨勯柧鍊兼柟娉昜52-54]銆佹渶灏忚鍒ゆ鐜囨簴(zh菙n)鍓囦笅鐨勬渶浣抽柧鍊兼柟娉昜55]鍦ㄥ叾鍚庝篃琚彁鍑恒€�

鍗€(q奴)鍩熺敓闀锋硶鐨勫熀鏈€濇兂鏄緷鎿�(j霉)涓€瀹氱殑鐢熼暦婧�(zh菙n)鍓�锛屽皣鑻ュ共鍊�(g猫)鈥滅浉浼尖€濆瓙鍗€(q奴)鍩熻仛鍚堟垚杓冨ぇ鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩�銆傚畠棣栧厛灏嶆瘡鍊�(g猫)闇€瑕佸垎鍓茬殑鍗€(q奴)鍩熸壘鍒颁竴鍊�(g猫)绋瓙鍍忕礌浣滅偤鐢熼暦鐨勮捣榛�(di菐n)锛屽啀灏囩ó瀛愬儚绱犻劙鍩熶腑鑸囧叾鍏锋湁鐩稿悓鎴栫浉浼兼€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫儚绱犳牴鎿�(j霉)鏌愮ó浜嬪厛纰哄畾鐨勬簴(zh菙n)鍓囧悎骞跺埌绋瓙鍍忕礌鎵€鍦ㄧ殑鍗€(q奴)鍩熶腑锛涘皣閫欎簺鏂板儚绱犵暥(d膩ng)浣滄柊鐨勭ó瀛愬儚绱犵辜绾�(x霉)鍍忎笂闈㈢殑鎿嶄綔锛岀洿鍒板啀?z猫ng)]鏈夋豢瓒虫浠剁殑鍍忕礌鍙寘鎷€�(j矛n)渚�銆傛娉曞師鐞嗙啊鍠�锛屽皪浜庤純鍧囧嫽鐨勯€ｉ€氱洰妯�(bi膩o)鏈夎純濂界殑鍒嗗壊鏁堟灉锛涚己榛�(di菐n)鏄緷璩翠簬鍒濆姊濅欢鐨勯伕鍙栵紝瑷�(j矛)绠楅噺杓冨ぇ锛屼笉閬╃敤浜庡(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)妾㈡脯銆�

鍒嗚鈥斿悎骞舵硶涔熸槸涓€绋熀浜庡崁(q奴)鍩熺殑鍒嗗壊绠楁硶锛屽叾鍩烘湰鎬濇兂鏄細鏍规摎(j霉)鍦栧儚鍜屽悇鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑涓嶅潎鍕绘€�锛屽皣鍦栧儚鎴栧崁(q奴)鍩熷垎瑁傛垚鏂扮殑瀛愬崁(q奴)鍩�锛屽啀灏囧寘鍚浉鍚屽収(n猫i)瀹圭殑鍗€(q奴)鍩熷悎骞舵垚鏂扮殑杓冨ぇ鍗€(q奴)鍩燂紝鏈€鍚庡緱鍒板垎鍓插湒鍍�銆傚洓鍙夋ü鍒嗚В鏄竴绋父鐢ㄧ殑鍒嗚鈥斿悎骞舵硶锛屽叾鍏烽珨閬庣▼鏄細灏囧湒鍍忓垎鎴�4濉婂ぇ灏忕浉绛夌殑鏂瑰锛屽垽鏂锋瘡鍊�(g猫)灏忓鏄惁婊胯冻涓€鑷存€ф(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)(濡傚叐鍗€(q奴)鍩熷弮鏁�(sh霉)绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐗瑰緛绲�(ji茅)鏋滅浉鍚�锛岀瓑绛�)銆傝嫢婊胯冻锛屽墖涓嶅啀鍒嗚В锛涜嫢涓嶆豢瓒筹紝鍓囧啀绱�(x矛)鍒嗘垚鍥涘锛屽啀鐢ㄧ窗(x矛)鍒嗗閫�(j矛n)琛屼竴鑷存€ф(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)妾㈡煡锛岀洿鍒版豢瓒充竴鑷存€ф(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛岀祼(ji茅)鏋滃彲鑳藉寘鍚ぇ灏忎笉鍚岀殑濉�銆�

鑱氶娉曢€�(j矛n)琛屽湒鍍忓垎鍓叉槸鏍规摎(j霉)鍦栧儚鍦ㄧ壒寰佺┖闁撶殑鑱氶泦灏嶇壒寰佺┖闁撻€�(j矛n)琛屽垎鍓诧紝鍐嶆槧灏勫埌鍘熷湒鍍忕┖闁撳緱鍒板垎鍓茬祼(ji茅)鏋�锛孠鍧囧€艰仛椤炵畻娉�銆佹ā绯奀鍧囧€艰仛椤�(FCM)绠楁硶[56-57]鏄父鐢ㄧ殑鑱氶绠楁硶銆�

2.2.2鍩轰簬閭婄罚鐨勫垎鍓叉柟娉�

鍩轰簬閭婄罚鐨勫垎鍓叉柟娉曞叾瀵�(sh铆)灏辨槸鏍规摎(j霉)鍦栧儚涓眬閮ㄧ壒鎬х殑涓嶉€ｇ簩(x霉)鎬ц€岄噰鐢ㄦ煇绋畻娉曚締鎻愬彇鍑哄湒鍍忎腑鐨勫皪璞¤垏鑳屾櫙闁撶殑浜ょ晫绶�銆�

閭婄罚铏曞儚绱犵殑鐏板害鍊间笉閫ｇ簩(x霉)锛岄€欑ó涓嶉€ｇ簩(x霉)鎬у彲閫氶亷姹傚皫(d菐o)渚嗘娓�銆傜稉(j墨ng)鍏哥殑閭婄罚妾㈡脯绠楁硶涓€鑸噰鐢ㄥ井鍒嗙殑鏂规硶閫�(j矛n)琛岃▓(j矛)绠�锛屽父鐢ㄧ殑涓€闅庡井鍒嗛倞绶ｆ娓畻瀛愭湁Robert绠楀瓙銆丼obel绠楀瓙銆丳rewitt绠楀瓙銆並irsch绠楀瓙绛夊咕绋€備竴闅庡井鍒嗙畻瀛愭柟娉曡▓(j矛)绠楃啊渚�銆侀€熷害蹇�锛屼絾瀹氫綅涓嶆簴(zh菙n)纰�銆備簩闅庡井鍒嗙畻瀛愪富瑕佹湁Canny绠楀瓙銆丩og绠楀瓙銆丩aplacian绠楀瓙锛岄€欓绠楀瓙鍩轰簬涓€闅庡皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫眬閮ㄦ渶澶у€煎皪鎳�(y墨ng)浜岄殠灏�(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯浂浜ゅ弶榛�(di菐n)閫欎竴鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岄€氶亷灏嬫壘鍦栧儚鐏板害鐨勪簩闅庡皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯浂浜ゅ弶榛�(di菐n)寰炶€屽畾浣嶉倞绶�銆備簩闅庡井鍒嗙畻瀛愭柟娉曢倞绶ｅ畾浣嶆簴(zh菙n)纰�锛屼絾灏嶅櫔鑱叉晱鎰�銆傚皪浜庡櫔鑱叉薄鏌撶殑鍦栧儚锛屽湪閫�(j矛n)琛屽井鍒嗙畻瀛愰倞绶ｆ娓墠涓€鑸厛瑕佹烤娉�锛屼絾婵炬尝鐨勫悓鏅�(sh铆)涔熶娇鍦栧儚閭婄罚鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶竴瀹氱▼搴︾殑妯＄硦銆侻arr绠楀瓙灏囧櫔鑱叉烤娉㈣垏閭婄罚鎻愬彇鐩哥祼(ji茅)鍚�锛屼絾鐣�(d膩ng)妯℃澘杓冨皬鏅�(sh铆)鎶楀櫔鎬ц兘涓嶈壇锛屾ā鏉胯純澶ф檪(sh铆)瑷�(j矛)绠楄不(f猫i)鏅�(sh铆)銆�

2.2.3鍩轰簬鐗瑰畾鐞嗚珫鐨勫垎鍓叉柟娉�

闅ㄨ憲鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鍜屼汉宸ユ櫤鑳界殑鐧�(f膩)灞�锛屽嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗕竴浜涙柊鐨勯倞绶ｆ娓柟娉曪紝濡傛暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)褰㈡厠(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)娉�銆佸皬娉㈣畩鎻涙硶銆佷汉宸ョ缍�(j墨ng)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)娉�銆侀伜鍌崇畻娉�銆佸熀浜庢ā绯婄悊璜栫殑绠楁硶绛�銆�

20涓栫磤(j矛)90骞翠唬鍒濓紝Mallat鍦ㄥ湒鍍忓鍒嗚鲸鍒嗘瀽鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓�锛屾彁鍑轰簡灏忔尝璁婃彌灞€閮ㄦā妤靛ぇ鍊奸倞绶ｆ娓柟娉昜58-59]锛屽湪鍣伈鍦栧儚涓彇寰椾簡杓冨ソ鐨勯倞绶ｆ娓晥鏋�銆傚悗渚�锛屼汉鍊戝湪Mallat鐞嗚珫妗嗘灦涓嬶紝鎻愬嚭浜嗗灏哄害閭婄罚妾㈡脯鏂规硶[60]銆傚灏哄害閭婄罚妾㈡脯鏂规硶涓昏鎬濇兂鍦ㄨ純澶х殑灏哄害涓嬭兘灏嶉倞绶ｇ簿纰烘娓�锛岃€屽湪杓冨皬鐨勫昂搴︿笅鑳藉皪閭婄罚榛�(di菐n)绮剧⒑瀹氫綅銆傚皬娉㈣畩鎻涚殑绐佸嚭鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)鏄叾澶氬垎杈ㄧ巼锛屽湒鍍忕殑姣忓€�(g猫)灏哄害鐨勫皬娉㈣畩鎻涢兘鎻愪緵浜嗕竴瀹氱殑閭婄罚淇℃伅銆傚皬娉㈠垎鏋愬湪鏅�(sh铆)鍩熷拰闋诲煙閮藉叿鏈夎壇濂界殑灞€閮ㄥ寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屽彲鑱氱劍鍒板皪璞＄殑浠绘剰绱�(x矛)绡€(ji茅)锛屾槸鍦栧儚铏曠悊闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺殑鐔遍粸(di菐n)銆傞洊鐒朵汉鍊戞彁鍑轰簡澶氱ó鐨勯倞绶ｆ娓柟娉昜61-62]锛屼絾閭婄罚妾㈡脯鏅�(sh铆)鎶楀櫔鎬у拰妾㈡脯绮惧害鐨勭煕鐩句粛鐒舵槸瑕佺爺绌剁殑閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛箣涓€銆�

鍩轰簬鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)褰㈡厠(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)閭婄罚妾㈡脯鏂规硶[63-64]鐨勫熀鏈€濇兂鏄敤鍏锋湁涓€瀹氬舰鎱�(t脿i)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍏冪礌鎻愬彇鍦栧儚涓殑灏嶆噳(y墨ng)褰㈢媭锛屼互閬�(d谩)鍒板皪鍦栧儚鍒嗘瀽鍜岃瓨(sh铆)鍒ョ殑鐩殑銆傞噰鐢ㄥ绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍏冪礌鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)褰㈡厠(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)绠楁硶锛屾棦鑳芥彁鍙栫窗(x矛)灏忛倞绶�锛屽張鑳藉緢濂界殑鎶戝埗鍣伈锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍏冪礌閬稿彇闈堟椿锛屼絾鍦ㄩ潏娲荤殑鍚屾檪(sh铆)涔熷皫(d菐o)鑷寸畻娉曠殑閬╂噳(y墨ng)鎬ц畩宸�銆�

杩戝勾渚嗘湁涓€浜涙柊鐨勭爺绌舵墜娈靛绁炵稉(j墨ng)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)銆侀伜鍌崇畻娉曞拰灏忔尝鏂规硶绛夎寮曞叆鍒板湒鍍忓垎鍓茬殑闁惧€奸伕鍙栦腑[65-69]锛屽叾鏁堟灉浠嶅湪鎺㈢储涔嬩腑銆�

闆栫劧鏈夎ū澶氬湒鍍忓垎鍓茬殑鏂规硶锛岄€欎簺绠楁硶鐨勫叡鎬у晱椤屽湪浜庡垎鍓茬簿搴﹁垏鎶楀櫔鎬х殑鐭涚浘锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)锛岄珮瀵�(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鎬ц檿鐞嗙畻娉曠殑鐮旂┒閬�(yu菐n)閬�(yu菐n)婊悗浜庨€氱敤鍦栧儚铏曠悊绠楁硶鐨勭爺绌讹紝鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬瀵�(sh铆)闅涚敓鐢�(ch菐n)涓殑涓€浜涚畻娉曞湪婧�(zh菙n)纰烘€�銆佸(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鎬у拰鍙搷浣滄€т笂涔熼倓瀛樺湪杓冨ぇ鐨勫洶闆�銆傝嚦浠�锛屽湒鍍忓垎鍓茬畻娉曞ぇ閮芥槸閲濆皪鍏烽珨鍟忛鎵€鎻愬嚭鐨勶紝闆栫劧姣忓勾閮芥湁鏂扮殑鍦栧儚鍒嗗壊绠楁硶鎻愬嚭锛屼絾鏄苟娌掓湁涓€绋€氱敤鐨勭畻娉曡兘閬╃敤浜庢墍鏈夌殑鍦栧儚鍒嗗壊铏曠悊銆�

2.3鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇鍙婂叾閬告搰绠楁硶

鍦栧儚鐨勭壒寰佹彁鍙栧彲鐞嗚В鐐哄緸楂樼董鍦栧儚绌洪枔鍒颁綆缍壒寰佺┖闁撶殑鏄犲皠锛屾槸鍩轰簬姗�(j墨)鍣ㄨ瑕虹殑琛ㄩ潰缂洪櫡妾㈡脯鐨勯噸瑕佷竴鐠�(hu谩n)锛屽叾鏈夋晥鎬у皪鍚庣簩(x霉)缂洪櫡鐩(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)鍒ョ簿搴�銆佽▓(j矛)绠楀京(f霉)闆滃害銆侀妫掓€х瓑鍧囨湁閲嶅ぇ褰遍熆銆傜壒寰佹彁鍙栫殑鍩烘湰鎬濇兂鏄娇鐩(bi膩o)鍦ㄥ緱鍒扮殑瀛愮┖闁撲腑鍏锋湁杓冨皬鐨勯鍏�(n猫i)鑱氭暎搴﹀拰杓冨ぇ鐨勯闁撹仛鏁ｅ害銆傜洰鍓嶅父鐢ㄧ殑鍦栧儚鐗瑰緛涓昏鏈夌磱鐞嗙壒寰�銆侀鑹茬壒寰併€佸舰鐙€鐗瑰緛绛�銆�

2.3.1绱嬬悊鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇

绱嬬悊鏄〃閬�(d谩)鍦栧儚鐨勪竴绋噸瑕佺壒寰�锛屽畠涓嶄緷璩翠簬椤忚壊鎴栦寒搴﹁€屽弽鏄犲湒鍍忕殑鍚岃唱(zh矛)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛屽弽鏄犱簡琛ㄩ潰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绲勭箶鎺掑垪鐨勯噸瑕佷俊鎭互鍙婂畠鍊戣垏鍛ㄥ湇鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪殑鑱�(li谩n)绯�銆傝垏椤忚壊鐗瑰緛鍜岀伆搴︾壒寰佷笉鍚�锛岀磱鐞嗙壒寰佷笉鏄熀浜庡儚绱犻粸(di菐n)鐨勭壒寰侊紝瀹冮渶瑕佸湪鍖呭惈澶氬€�(g猫)鍍忕礌榛�(di菐n)鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩熶腑閫�(j矛n)琛岀当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)瑷�(j矛)绠�锛屽嵆灞€閮ㄦ€э紱鍚屾檪(sh铆)锛屽眬閮ㄧ磱鐞嗕俊鎭篃瀛樺湪涓嶅悓绋嬪害鐨勯噸寰�(f霉)鎬э紝鍗冲叏灞€鎬�銆傜磱鐞嗙壒寰佸父鍏锋湁鏃嬭綁(zhu菐n)涓嶈畩鎬�锛屽苟涓斿皪浜庡櫔鑱叉湁杓冨挤(qi谩ng)鐨勬姷鎶楄兘鍔涖€�

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(1)鐩存柟鍦栫壒寰�銆傚湒鍍忕殑鐩存柟鍦栨彁渚涗簡鍦栧儚鐨勮ū澶氫俊鎭拰鐗瑰緛锛屽父鐢ㄧ殑鐩存柟鍦栫壒寰佹湁鏈€澶у€�銆佹渶灏忓€笺€佸潎鍊�銆佷腑鍊�銆佸€煎煙銆佺喌銆佹柟宸拰鐔电瓑銆傛澶朇ONTROLENGINEERINGChina鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈夛紝鐩存柟鍦栧皪姣旂当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐗瑰緛锛屽L1鑼冩暩(sh霉)銆丩2鑼冩暩(sh霉)銆丅hattacharyya璺濋洟銆丮atusita璺濋洟銆佹涓€鍖栫浉闂�(gu膩n)绯荤当(t菕ng)绛�锛屼害甯哥敤浣滅当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐗瑰緛[70]銆�

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(2)鐏板害鍏辩敓鐭�銆侶aralick绛変汉[71]鎻愬嚭鐨勭伆搴﹀叡鐢熺煩鏄竴绋唬娉涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑浣跨敤绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐗瑰緛渚嗘弿杩扮磱鐞嗙殑鏂规硶?锛涘彾瑁欓噰顚嶄粌鍤茶お鑿戣啽D鍍忕伆搴︾礆鐐虹殑鍍忕礌鍑虹櫦(f膩)锛岀当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鑸囧叾璺濋洟鐐�銆佺伆搴︾礆鐐虹殑鍍忕礌鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勬鐜�銆備竴鑸彇0掳銆�45掳銆�90掳鍜�135掳閫�4鍊�(g猫)鏂瑰悜?锛涘彾瑁欓噰顚嶄粌鍤粠娌夎棡D鍍忕伆搴﹂棞(gu膩n)浜庢柟鍚�銆佺浉閯伴枔闅�銆佽畩鍖栧箙搴︾殑缍滃悎淇℃伅锛屾墍浠ュ彲浠ヤ綔鐐哄垎鏋愬湒鍍忓熀鍏冨拰鎺掑垪绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勪俊鎭�銆�

GLCM鍏辨湁14绋磱鐞嗙壒寰�锛屾枃鐛�(xi脿n)[72-74]鐮旂┒浜咷LCM绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)閲忕殑鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎬у苟鎻愬嚭浜嗘洿鏈夋晥鐨勭磱鐞嗙壒寰侀噺锛屼絾鏄枃鐛�(xi脿n)[75]瑾�(r猫n)鐐哄儏鏈�4鍊�(g猫)鐗瑰緛锛屽嵆灏嶆瘮搴�銆佺浉闂�(gu膩n)鎬�銆佽兘閲�(鍜屽悓璩�(zh矛)鎬ф槸涓嶇浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨�锛屾墍浠�锛岀偤娓涘皯瑷�(j矛)绠楅噺锛屾彁楂樼壒寰佸垎椤炵簿搴�锛屽父鍙栭€�4鍊�(g猫)鐗瑰緛浣滅偤GLCM鐗瑰緛銆侴LCM鍦ㄥ湒鍍忕殑绱嬬悊鍒嗘瀽涓崰鏈夐噸瑕佺殑鍦颁綅锛屽湪鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇鍜岀己闄锋娓瓑鏂归潰鏈夎憲寤ｆ硾鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�

(3)灞€閮ㄤ簩鍊兼ā寮�(LBP)銆傚眬閮ㄤ簩鍊兼ā寮忔渶鏃╃敱Ojala鎻愬嚭锛屽畠寮曞叆浜嗙磱鐞嗗熀鍏冪殑鎬濇兂锛屾槸涓€鍊�(g猫)绨″柈浣嗛潪甯告湁鏁堢殑绱嬬悊閬�(y霉n)绠楃銆侺BP灏囧悇鍊�(g猫)鍍忕礌鑸囧叾闄勮繎鐨勫儚绱犻€�(j矛n)琛屾瘮杓冿紝骞舵妸绲�(ji茅)鏋滀繚瀛樼偤浜岄€�(j矛n)鍒舵暩(sh霉)锛屽嵆瀹冪敤浜岄€�(j矛n)鍒朵綅琛ㄩ仈(d谩)灞€閮ㄩ劙鍩熼粸(di菐n)鑸囦腑蹇冮粸(di菐n)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紝鎵€鏈夐劙鍩熼粸(di菐n)鐨勪簩閫�(j矛n)鍒朵綅鐢ㄤ締鎻忚堪灞€閮ㄧ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)淇℃伅鐨勬ā寮�銆�

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寰愮绛変汉[106]灏囧垎褰㈢董鏁�(sh霉)浣滅偤鐗瑰緛閲�锛屽埄鐢≒eleg姣钃嬫硶瑷�(j矛)绠楀湒鍍忓湪涓嶅悓灏哄害涓嬬殑鍒嗗舰缍暩(sh霉)锛岄€氶亷灏哄害鈥斿垎褰㈢董鏁�(sh霉)鏇茬窔鍦栦及瑷�(j矛)鏈€鍎�(y艒u)灏哄害锛岀敤浜庡皪鐔辫粙甯堕嫾琛ㄩ潰缂洪櫡鐨勮嚜鍕�(d貌ng)璀�(sh铆)鍒�锛屽彇寰椾簡鑹ソ鐨勬晥鏋�銆傛潕鎱朵腑绛変汉[107]鍩轰簬鍒嗗舰鐗瑰緛閫�(j矛n)琛屾按鏋滅己闄峰揩閫熻瓨(sh铆)鍒ョ爺绌�锛岄€氶亷瑭叉柟娉曟彁鍙栫殑绱嬬悊鐗瑰緛涓嶅彈鍏夌収寮�(qi谩ng)搴﹁畩鍖栫殑褰遍熆锛屼笖鍏锋湁骞崇Щ銆佹棆杞�(zhu菐n)鍜岀府鏀句笉璁婃€�銆�

5)绱嬬悊鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇绠楁硶姣旇純銆備笂杩扮磱鐞嗙壒寰佹彁鍙栨柟娉曞悇鏈夊叾鍎�(y艒u)缂洪粸(di菐n)锛岀附鐨勭湅渚�锛屽彲浠ュ緸浠ヤ笅骞惧€�(g猫)瑙掑害渚嗕及瑷�(j矛)鍏跺劒(y艒u)鍕㈠拰涓嶈冻锛氳▓(j矛)绠楃殑寰�(f霉)闆滃害锛屾槸鍚﹀埄鐢ㄤ簡鍏ㄥ眬淇℃伅锛屾槸鍚﹀叿鏈夊鍒嗚鲸鐗瑰緛鍙婃槸鍚﹁垏浜洪瑕栬鎰熷彈涓€鑷�銆�

绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)娉曟柟娉曠啊鍠€佹槗浜庡(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)锛岀壒鍒ユ槸GLCM鏂规硶鍏锋湁杓冨挤(qi谩ng)鐨勯仼鎳�(y墨ng)鎬у拰榄鎬�锛涗絾缂哄皯鍦栧儚鐨勫叏灞€淇℃伅锛岀磱鐞嗗昂搴﹂枔鍍忕礌鐨勪緷璩撮棞(gu膩n)绯婚洠浜庣櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屾矑鏈夎伅(li谩n)绯讳汉椤炵殑瑕栬妯″瀷銆傛ā鍨嬫柟娉曟棦鑰冩叜浜嗙磱鐞嗗眬閮ㄧ殑闅ㄦ(j墨)鎬�锛屽張鑰冩叜浜嗙磱鐞嗘暣楂旂殑瑕�(gu墨)寰嬫€�锛岄潏娲绘€ц純澶ONTROLENGINEERINGChina鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈�锛岃€屼笖涔熺爺绌朵簡绱嬬悊鐨勫鍒嗚鲸鎬�锛涗絾妯″瀷鐨勫弮鏁�(sh霉)浼拌▓(j矛)鏈変竴瀹氱殑闆ｅ害锛岃€屼笖瑷�(j矛)绠楅噺杓冨ぇ銆備俊铏熸柟娉曡兘灏嶇磱鐞嗛€�(j矛n)琛屽鍒嗚鲸鎻忚堪锛岃兘灏囩┖鍩熷拰闋诲煙鐩哥祼(ji茅)鍚堝皪绱嬬悊閫�(j矛n)琛岀爺绌�锛屼篃绗﹀悎浜洪鐨勮瑕烘寔寰�锛涗絾姝ｄ氦灏忔尝璁婃彌灏嶉珮闋婚儴鍒嗘矑鏈夐€�(j矛n)涓€姝ュ垎瑙�锛岃€屽皬娉㈠寘灏嶉潪瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩磱鐞嗗湒鍍忕殑铏曠悊鏁堟灉涓嶄匠锛屼笖瑷�(j矛)绠楅噺澶�銆傜祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)娉曞彧閬╁悎浜庣磱鐞嗗熀鍏冭純澶т笖鎺掑垪瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩殑鍦栧儚锛涘皪浜庝竴鑸殑鑷劧绱嬬悊锛屽洜鍏堕毃姗�(j墨)鎬ц純寮�(qi谩ng)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)璁婂寲澶�锛岄洠浠ョ敤瑭叉柟娉曚締婧�(zh菙n)纰烘弿杩�銆備笂杩版柟娉曞悇鏈夊埄寮�锛岀爺绌朵汉鍝℃瑭﹀湒灏囦笉鍚岀殑鏂规硶绲�(ji茅)鍚堝皪绱嬬悊鐗瑰緛閫�(j矛n)琛屾瘮杓冪爺绌跺拰铻嶅悎鎻愬彇銆�

2.3.2褰㈢媭鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇

褰㈢媭鐗瑰緛浜洪瑕栬閫�(j矛n)琛岀墿楂旇瓨(sh铆)鍒ユ檪(sh铆)鎵€闇€瑕佺殑闂�(gu膩n)閸典俊鎭箣涓€锛屽畠涓嶉毃鍛ㄥ湇鐨勭挵(hu谩n)澧冨浜害绛夊洜绱犵殑璁婂寲鑰岃畩鍖�锛屾槸涓€绋┅(w臎n)瀹氫俊鎭�锛涚浉灏嶄簬绱嬬悊鍜岄鑹茬瓑搴曞堡鐗瑰緛鑰岃█锛屽舰鐙€鐗瑰緛灞簬鍦栧儚鐨勪腑闁撳堡鐗瑰緛銆傚湪2缍湒鍍忎腑锛屽舰鐙€閫氬父琚獚(r猫n)鐐烘槸涓€姊濆皝闁夌殑杓粨鏇茬窔鎵€鍖呭湇鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩�銆�

灏嶅舰鐙€鐗瑰緛鐨勬弿杩颁富瑕佸彲浠ュ垎鐐哄熀浜庤吉寤撳舰鐙€鑸囧熀浜庡崁(q奴)鍩熷舰鐙€鍏╅锛屽崁(q奴)鍒嗘柟娉曞湪浜庡舰鐙€鐗瑰緛鍍呭緸杓粨涓彁鍙栭倓鏄緸鏁村€�(g猫)褰㈢媭鍗€(q奴)鍩熶腑鎻愬彇銆�

1)鍩轰簬鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑褰㈢媭鐗瑰緛銆傚熀浜庡崁(q奴)鍩熺殑褰㈢媭鐗瑰緛鏄埄鐢ㄥ崁(q奴)鍩熷収(n猫i)鐨勬墍鏈夊儚绱犻泦鍚堣捣渚嗙嵅寰楃敤浠ユ弿杩扮洰妯�(bi膩o)杓粨鎵€鍖呭湇鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩熸€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫弮鏁�(sh霉)銆傞€欎簺鍙冩暩(sh霉)鏃㈠彲浠ユ槸骞句綍鍙冩暩(sh霉)锛屼篃鍙互鏄瘑搴﹀弮鏁�(sh霉)锛岄倓鍙互鏄崁(q奴)鍩�2缍畩鎻涚郴鏁�(sh霉)鎴栧倕閲岃憠璁婃彌鐨勮兘閲忚瓬?锛涱媱瓒╚(q奴)鍩熺殑褰㈢媭鐗瑰緛涓昏鏈夊咕浣曠壒寰�銆佹嫇?f霉)娴(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛銆佺煩鐗瑰緛绛�銆�

骞句綍鐗瑰緛鍖呮嫭鍗€(q奴)鍩熺啊鍠壒寰佹弿杩�锛屽闈㈢⿳銆佸懆闀�銆佽唱(zh矛)蹇�銆佸垎鏁ｅ害銆佺煩褰㈠害銆侀暦瀵瘮銆佹柟鍚戠瓑锛涢倓鍖呮嫭鍩轰簬褰㈢媭鐩镐技鎬х殑鐗瑰緛锛屽鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑鐭╁舰搴︺€佸湏褰㈠害銆佺悆褰㈠害銆佸亸蹇冪巼銆侀潰绌嶅懆闀锋瘮銆佺窗(x矛)搴�锛岄倓鏈夊熀浜庣洿鏂瑰湒銆佸熀浜庨＝鍜屽害銆佸熀浜庡舰鎱�(t脿i)鏇茬巼鍜屽閭婂舰鎻忚堪鐨勫舰鐙€鐗瑰緛绛�銆�

鎷�?f霉)娴(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛涓嶅彈鍦栧儚骞句綍鐣歌畩鐨勫奖闊�锛屾槸涓€绋笉渚濊炒浜庤窛闆㈣畩鍖栫殑鍏ㄥ眬鐗瑰緛銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑鎷�?f霉)娴(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛鏄瓙鎷夋暩(sh霉)锛屽嵆鍦栧儚鐩(bi膩o)鍗€(q奴)鍩熼€ｉ€氱祫鍏冪殑鍊�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)鑸囩洰妯�(bi膩o)鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑瀛旀暩(sh霉)涔嬪樊锛屽畠琛ㄦ槑鍦栧儚鐨勯€ｉ€氭€�銆�

鐭╃壒寰佸埄鐢ㄧ洰妯�(bi膩o)鎵€鍗犲崁(q奴)鍩熺殑鐭╀綔鐐哄舰鐙€鎻忚堪鍙冩暩(sh霉)锛屽叾瑷�(j矛)绠楄鐢ㄥ埌鐩(bi膩o)鍗€(q奴)鍩熶腑鎵€鏈夌浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨勫儚绱犻粸(di菐n)锛屽洜姝ゅ緸鍏ㄥ眬鎻忚堪浜嗗皪璞＄殑鏁撮珨鐗规€с€傜壒寰佺煩涔熷彲鐞嗚В鐐哄皣鍦栧儚鐩(bi膩o)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鎶曞奖鍒颁竴绲勫熀鍑芥暩(sh霉)涓�锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)鍩哄嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勭壒寰侊紝鍙皣鐭╁垎鐐洪潪姝ｄ氦鐭╁拰姝ｄ氦鐭�銆傞潪姝ｄ氦鐭╀富瑕佹湁骞句綍鐭┿€佸京(f霉)鏁�(sh霉)鐭�銆佹棆杞�(zhu菐n)鐭╃瓑銆傛涓€鍖栫殑涓績鐭╁皪鐩(bi膩o)鍦栧儚骞崇Щ銆佸昂搴﹁畩鎻涘叿鏈変笉璁婃€с€侶u鍩轰簬涓婅堪鐭╃祫鍚堣€屾垚浜�7鍊�(g猫)缍�(j墨ng)鍏镐笉璁婇噺锛岃绋辩偤Hu涓嶈畩鐭108]锛屽叿鏈夊钩绉�銆佹棆杞�(zhu菐n)鍜屾瘮渚嬩笉璁婃€�銆傛浜ょ煩鍙堝垎鐐洪€ｇ簩(x霉)姝ｄ氦鐭╁拰闆㈡暎姝ｄ氦鐭┿€傞€ｇ簩(x霉)姝ｄ氦鐭╀富瑕佹湁Zernike鐭�銆佸伣Zernike鐭┿€丩egendre鐭�銆佹浜ourier-Mellin鐭╋紝闆㈡暎姝ｄ氦鐭╀富瑕佹湁Chebyshev鐭�銆並rawtchouk鐭109]銆�

2)鍩轰簬杓粨鐨勫舰鐙€鐗瑰緛銆傚熀浜庤吉寤撶殑褰㈢媭鎻忚堪绗︽槸灏嶅寘鍦嶇洰妯�(bi膩o)鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑杓粨鐨勬弿杩�锛屼富瑕佹湁閭婄晫鐗瑰緛娉�(閭婄晫褰㈢媭鏁�(sh霉)銆侀倞鐣岀煩绛�)銆佺啊鍠咕浣曠壒寰�(濡傚懆闀枫€佸崐寰�銆佹洸鐜囥€侀倞绶ｅぞ瑙�)銆佸熀浜庤畩鎻涘煙(濡傚倕閲岃憠鎻忚堪绗�銆佸皬娉㈡弿杩扮)銆佹洸鐜囧昂搴︾┖闁�(CSS)銆佹暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)褰㈡厠(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)銆侀湇澶畩鎻�銆佸皬娉㈡弿杩扮绛夋柟娉�銆�

鍩轰簬杓粨鐨勭壒寰佹湁濡備笅鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)锛氳吉寤撴洿鑳藉弽鏄犱汉椤炲崁(q奴)鍒嗕簨鐗╃殑褰㈢媭宸暟锛屼笖杓粨鐗瑰緛鎵€鍖呭惈鐨勪俊鎭純澶�锛岃兘娓涘皯瑷�(j矛)绠楃殑寰�(f霉)闆滃害锛涗絾鏄紝杓粨鐗瑰緛灏嶄簬鍣伈鍜屽舰璁婃瘮杓冩晱鎰�锛屾湁浜涘舰鐙€鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑鐒℃硶鎻愬彇杓粨淇℃伅銆�

2.3.3椤忚壊鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇

椤忚壊鐗瑰緛鏄汉椤炴劅鐭ュ拰鍗€(q奴)鍒嗕笉鍚岀墿楂旂殑涓€绋熀鏈瑕虹壒寰�锛屾槸涓€绋叏灞€鐗瑰緛锛屾弿杩颁簡鍦栧儚鎴栧湒鍍忓崁(q奴)鍩熸墍灏嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬櫙鐗╃殑琛ㄩ潰鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆傞鑹茬壒寰佸皪浜庡湒鍍忕殑鏃嬭綁(zhu菐n)銆佸钩绉�銆佸昂搴﹁畩鍖栭兘涓嶆晱鎰�锛岃〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍑鸿純寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勯妫掓€�銆傞鑹叉ā鍨嬩富瑕佹湁HSV銆丷GB銆丠SI銆丆HL銆丩AB銆丆MY绛�銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇鑸囧尮閰嶆柟娉曞涓嬶細

1)椤忚壊鐩存柟鍦�銆傞鑹茬洿鏂瑰湒(colorhistogram)鏄渶甯哥敤鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)椤忚壊鐗瑰緛鐨勬柟娉曪紝瀹冭兘绨″柈鎻忚堪涓€骞呭湒鍍忎腑椤忚壊鐨勫叏灞€鍒嗗竷锛屽嵆涓嶅悓鑹插僵鍦ㄦ暣骞呭湒鍍忎腑鎵€鍗犵殑姣斾緥锛岀壒鍒ラ仼鐢ㄤ簬鎻忚堪閭ｄ簺闆ｄ互鑷嫊(d貌ng)鍒嗗壊鐨勫湒鍍忓拰涓嶉渶瑕佽€冩叜鐗╅珨绌洪枔浣嶇疆鐨勫湒鍍�锛屼笖瑷�(j矛)绠楃啊鍠�锛屽皪鍦栧儚涓殑灏嶈薄鐨勫钩绉诲拰鏃嬭綁(zhu菐n)璁婂寲涓嶆晱鎰燂紱浣嗗畠鐒℃硶鎻忚堪鍦栧儚涓鑹茬殑灞€閮ㄥ垎甯冨強姣忕ó鑹插僵鎵€铏曠殑绌洪枔浣嶇疆銆�

鐣�(d膩ng)椤忚壊鐗瑰緛骞朵笉鑳藉彇閬嶆墍鏈夊彇鍊兼檪(sh铆)锛屽湪绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)椤忚壊鐩存柟鍦栨檪(sh铆)鏈�(hu矛)鍑虹従(xi脿n)涓€浜涢浂鍊�锛岄€欎簺闆跺€煎皪瑷�(j矛)绠楃洿鏂瑰湒鐨勭浉浜ゅ付渚嗗緢澶у奖闊�锛屼娇寰楄▓(j矛)绠楃殑绲�(ji茅)鏋滀笉鑳芥纰哄弽鏄犲叐骞呭湒鍍忎箣闁撶殑椤忚壊宸垾銆傜偤瑙ｆ焙涓婅堪鍟忛锛屽彲鍒╃敤绱⿳鐩存柟鍦栨硶銆�

2)椤忚壊闆�銆傞鑹茬洿鏂瑰湒娉曟槸涓€绋叏灞€椤忚壊鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇鑸囧尮閰嶆柟娉曪紝鐒℃硶鍗€(q奴)鍒嗗眬閮ㄩ鑹蹭俊鎭�銆傞鑹查泦鏄皪椤忚壊鐩存柟鍦栫殑涓€绋繎浼�锛岄鍏堝皣鍦栧儚寰濺GB椤忚壊绌洪枔杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栨垚瑕栬鍧囪　鐨勯鑹茬┖闁�(濡侶SV绌洪枔)锛屽苟灏囬鑹茬┖闁撻噺鍖栨垚鑻ュ共鍊�(g猫)鏌�(bin)銆傜劧鍚�锛岀敤鑹插僵鑷嫊(d貌ng)鍒嗗壊鎶€琛�(sh霉)灏囧湒鍍忓垎鐐鸿嫢骞插崁(q奴)鍩燂紝姣忓€�(g猫)鍗€(q奴)鍩熺敤閲忓寲椤忚壊绌洪枔鐨勬煇鍊�(g猫)椤忚壊鍒嗛噺渚嗙储寮�锛屽緸鑰屽皣鍦栧儚琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鐐轰竴鍊�(g猫)浜岄€�(j矛n)鍒剁殑椤忚壊绱㈠紩闆嗐€傚湪鍦栧儚鍖归厤涓�锛屾瘮杓冧笉鍚屽湒鍍忛鑹查泦涔嬮枔鐨勮窛闆㈠拰鑹插僵鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑绌洪枔闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傚洜?y脿n)杞季顏诡嚘纾塤(d谩)鐐轰簩閫�(j矛n)鍒剁殑鐗瑰緛鍚戦噺锛屽彲缍�(j墨ng)妲�(g貌u)閫犱簩鍒嗘煡鎵炬ü渚嗗姞蹇绱㈤€熷害锛岄€欏皪浜庡ぇ瑕�(gu墨)妯＄殑鍦栧儚闆嗗悎鍗佸垎鏈夊埄銆�

3)椤忚壊鐭┿€傞鑹茬煩(colormoments)鏄彟涓€绋啊鍠€屾湁鏁堢殑椤忚壊鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇鑸囧尮閰嶆柟娉�銆傝┎鏂规硶鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)鍦ㄤ簬锛氬湒鍍忎腑浠讳綍鐨勯鑹插垎甯冨潎鍙互鐢ㄥ畠鐨勭煩渚嗚〃绀�銆傜敱浜庨鑹插垎甯冧俊鎭富瑕侀泦涓湪浣庨殠椤忚壊鐭╀腑锛屽洜姝ゅ儏閲囩敤椤忚壊鐨勪竴闅庝腑蹇冪煩銆佷簩闅庝腑蹇冪煩鍜屼笁闅庝腑蹇冪煩灏卞彲浠ヨ〃閬�(d谩)鍦栧儚鐨勯鑹茬壒寰�锛屽畠鍊戝垎鍒ヨ〃绀哄湒鍍忕殑骞冲潎椤忚壊銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鏂瑰樊鍜屼笁娆℃牴闈炲皪绋辨€�銆傝┎鏂规硶鐨勫彟涓€鍊�(g猫)鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)鏄畠鐒￠渶灏嶉鑹茬壒寰侀€�(j矛n)琛屽悜閲忓寲銆備絾鍥�?y脿n)闂哴鏈夎€冩叜鍍忕礌鐨勭┖闁撲綅缃�锛岃┎鏂规硶浠嶅瓨鍦ㄧ簿纰哄害鍜屾簴(zh菙n)纰哄害涓嶈冻鐨勭己榛�(di菐n)銆�

4)椤忚壊鑱氬悎鍚戦噺銆傚叾鏍稿績鎬濇兂鏄細灏囧爆浜庣洿鏂瑰湒姣忎竴鍊�(g猫)鏌勭殑鍍忕礌鍒嗘垚鍏╅儴鍒�锛屽鏋滆┎鏌勫収(n猫i)鐨勬煇浜涘儚绱犳墍鍗犳摎(j霉)鐨勯€ｇ簩(x霉)鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑闈㈢⿳澶т簬绲﹀畾鐨勯柧鍊硷紝鍓囪┎鍗€(q奴)鍩熷収(n猫i)鐨勫儚绱犱綔鐐鸿仛鍚堝儚绱�锛屽惁鍓囦綔鐐洪潪鑱氬悎鍍忕礌銆�

鍦ㄧ洰鍓嶅湒鍍忚檿鐞嗙殑纭欢姊濅欢涓嬶紝鐩存帴灏嶅僵鑹插湒鍍忕殑铏曠悊鑸囧垎鏋愭槸寰�(f霉)闆滆€屽張鑰楁檪(sh铆)鐨�锛屽洜姝ゅ皪褰╄壊鍦栧儚鐨勮檿鐞嗛€氬父閮芥槸鍏堣綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫偤鐏板害鍦栧儚锛岀劧鍚庡啀鎸夌収鐏板害鍦栧儚铏曠悊鏂规硶閫�(j矛n)琛岃檿鐞�銆�

2.3.4鐗瑰緛鐨勯伕鎿�

鍦栧儚鐨勭壒寰佹彁鍙栧強鍏堕伕鎿囩殑鐩殑鏄偤浜嗘彁楂樺悗绾�(x霉)鍦栧儚璀�(sh铆)鍒ョ殑婧�(zh菙n)纰烘€у拰榄鎬�銆傚湒鍍忕殑鐗瑰緛鎻愬彇瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗗緸鍦栧儚绌洪枔鍒扮壒寰佺┖闁撶殑杞�(zhu菐n)鎻�锛屼絾鏄苟闈炴墍鏈夌殑鐗瑰緛閮藉皪鍚庣簩(x霉)鐨勫湒鍍忚瓨(sh铆)鍒ュ拰鍒嗛鏈変綔鐢�銆傚鏋滅壒寰佹彁鍙栫殑鏁�(sh霉)閲忓锛屼娇寰楃壒寰佸悜閲忔湁杓冮珮鐨勭董鏁�(sh霉)锛岄€欎簺楂樼董鐗瑰緛涓緢鍙兘瀛樺湪鍐椾綑淇℃伅锛屽緸鑰屽皫(d菐o)鑷村湒鍍忚檿鐞嗙祼(ji茅)鏋滅殑绮剧⒑搴︿笅闄�锛涘湒鍍忕壒寰佺董搴﹂亷楂�锛岄倓鏈�(hu矛)浣垮湒鍍忚檿鐞嗙畻娉曠殑寰�(f霉)闆滃害楂樺皫(d菐o)鑷粹€滅董搴︾伣(z膩i)闆ｂ€�銆傚洜姝わ紝灏嶄簬楂樼董鍦栧儚鐗瑰緛锛岀偤浜嗛檷浣庢墍鎻愬彇鍦栧儚鐗瑰緛缍暩(sh霉)涔嬮枔鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)鎬э紝闇€瑕佹秷闄ゅ湒鍍忕壒寰佷箣闁撶殑渚濊炒鎬�锛屽嵆闄嶇董铏曠悊锛屼篃灏辨槸寰炲湒鍍忓師濮嬬壒寰佷腑鎵惧嚭鐪熸鏈夌敤鐨勭壒寰�锛屼互闄嶄綆鍦栧儚铏曠悊绠楁硶鐨勫京(f霉)闆滃害锛屽苟鎻愰珮铏曠悊閫熷害鍜岀祼(ji茅)鏋滅殑绮剧⒑搴︼紝閫欏€�(g猫)铏曠悊閬庣▼灏辨槸鐗瑰緛鐨勯伕鎿�銆�

寰堝鐗瑰緛閬告搰鍟忛琚獚(r猫n)鐐烘槸NP鍟忛锛屽洜姝�锛屼汉鍊戜竴鑸彧鑳藉皨鎵剧壒瀹氬晱椤岀殑瑭曞児(ji脿)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)渚嗕繚璀夋墍閬告搰鐨勭壒寰佹槸鏈€鍎�(y艒u)鐨�锛岄€欎篃灏遍€犳垚浜嗙洰鍓嶇壒寰侀伕鎿囨柟娉曠溇澶�銆傜洰鍓�锛岀壒寰侀伕鎿囩殑鏂规硶鍖呮嫭锛氫富鎴愬垎鍒嗘瀽娉�(PCA)銆佺崹(d煤)绔嬫垚鍒嗗垎鏋愭硶(ICA)銆丗isher鍒嗘瀽娉�(FDA)銆佺浉闂�(gu膩n)鍒嗘瀽娉�(CFS)銆佽嚜绲勭箶鏄犲皠娉�(SOM)銆丷elief娉�銆侀伜鍌崇畻娉�銆佹ā鎿€€鐏硶銆乀abu鎼滅储娉曞強鍩轰簬娴佽鐨勯潪绶氭€ч檷缍柟娉曠瓑銆�

PCA鐢盤earson棣栧厛寮曞叆锛屽悗渚嗙敱Hotelling閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡鐧�(f膩)灞曘€侾CA鏄竴绋暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)闄嶇董鏂规硶锛屽叾鍩烘湰鍘熺悊閫氶亷鐮旂┒鎸囨(bi膩o)鍙冩暩(sh霉)涔嬮枔鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)鎬�锛屽皨姹傚咕鍊�(g猫)缍滃悎鎸囨(bi膩o)渚嗕唬鏇垮師渚嗙溇澶氱殑鎸囨(bi膩o)锛屼娇閫欎簺缍滃悎鎸囨(bi膩o)褰兼涔嬮枔浜掍笉鐩搁棞(gu膩n)涓旇兘鐩″彲鑳藉湴浠ｈ〃鍘熶締鐨勪俊鎭噺锛屽苟鍏锋湁鏈€澶х殑鏂瑰樊锛涢€氶亷澹撶府璁婇噺鍊�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)锛岀敤杓冨皯鐨勮畩閲忓幓瑙ｉ噵鍘熷鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)涓殑澶ч儴鍒嗚畩閲�锛屽墧闄ゅ啑浣欎俊鎭紝鍗冲皣瑷卞鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎬у緢楂樼殑璁婇噺杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栨垚鍊�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)杓冨皯銆佽兘瑙ｉ噵澶ч儴鍒嗗師濮嬫暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏂瑰樊涓斿郊姝や簰鐩哥崹(d煤)绔嬬殑骞惧€�(g猫)鏂拌畩閲忥紝鍗虫墍璎傜殑涓绘垚鍒�銆�

PCA瑷�(sh猫)娉曞皣鍘熶締鐪惧鍏锋湁涓€瀹氱浉闂�(gu膩n)鎬у€�(g猫)鎸囨(bi膩o)锛岄噸鏂扮祫鍚堟垚涓€绲勬柊鐨勪簰鐩哥劇闂�(gu膩n)鐨勭稖鍚堟寚妯�(bi膩o)渚嗕唬鏇垮師渚嗙殑鎸囨(bi膩o)銆傚皣閬稿彇鐨勭涓€鍊�(g猫)绶氭€х祫鍚堝嵆绗竴鍊�(g猫)缍滃悎璁婇噺鏂瑰樊鏈€澶�銆佷俊鎭渶澶�锛岀ū鐐虹涓€涓绘垚鍒嗭紱濡傛灉绗竴涓绘垚鍒嗕笉瓒充互浠ｈ〃鍘熶締鍊�(g猫)璁婇噺鐨勪俊鎭�锛屽啀閬稿彇绗簩鍊�(g猫)绶氭€х祫鍚堝嵆绗簩涓绘垚鍒�锛屼緷姝ら鎺ㄣ€�

PCA鏄竴绋窔鎬х祫鍚堟柟娉�锛屽畠鑳藉湪鐩″彲鑳藉ソ鐨勪唬琛ㄥ師濮嬫暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勫墠鎻愪笅锛岃兘閬庣窔鎬ц畩鎻涘皣楂樼董绌洪枔鐨勬ǎ鏈暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鎶曞奖鍒颁綆缍┖闁�锛屽洜鍏惰▓(j矛)绠楃啊鍠笖渚夸簬鍒嗘瀽鑰屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ唬娉�銆�

濡傛灉鍩轰簬鏈€灏廙SE渚嗛檷浣庣壒寰佸悜閲忕殑缍暩(sh霉)锛屽墖PCA鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋滄槸鏈€鍎�(y艒u)鐨�锛屼絾鍥燩CA鎵€鐛插緱鐨勭壒寰佸悜閲忕殑鍚勫垎閲忎箣闁撴槸涓嶇浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨�锛屾晠PCA鐒℃硶婊胯冻鐗瑰緛鍚戦噺鐨勫悇鍒嗛噺涔嬮枔鏄当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐛�(d煤)绔嬬殑銆傜崹(d煤)绔嬫垚鍒嗗垎鏋�(ICA)锛屾渶鏃╂噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬鐩叉簮淇¤櫉鍒嗛洟(BBS)銆侷CA鏂规硶鏈€鏃╂槸鐢辨硶鍦嬬殑Herault鍜孞utten浜�80骞翠唬涓湡鎻愬嚭渚嗙殑锛孖CA鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈€濇兂鏄緸涓€绲勬贩鍚堢殑瑙€娓俊铏熶腑鍒嗛洟鍑虹崹(d煤)绔嬩俊铏燂紝鎴栬€呯洝鍙兘鐛�(d煤)绔嬬殑淇¤櫉灏嶅叾浠栦俊铏熼€�(j矛n)琛岃〃寰�銆�

ICA鐨勪富瑕佷换鍕�(w霉)鏄郸瀹氫竴鍊�(g猫)缍壒寰佸悜閲�锛岀⒑瀹氫竴鍊�(g猫)脳鐨勮畩鎻涚煩闄�(鍒嗛洟鐭╅櫍)锛屼娇寰楄畩鎻涘悗鐨勫悜閲忕殑鍚勫垎閲忔豢瓒充簰鐩哥当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐛�(d煤)绔嬬殑鐗规€�銆侷CA鏂规硶鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸垫槸濡備綍蹇€熸眰鍙栨渶鍎�(y艒u)鐨勫垎闆㈢煩闄�锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)姹傚彇鍒嗛洟鐭╅櫍鐨勬柟娉�锛孖CA绠楁硶鏈塈nfomax绠楁硶銆佸嘲搴︿及瑷�(j矛)娉�銆佸揩閫烮CA绠楁硶绛�銆�

PCA鍜孖CA鎵€褰㈡垚鐨勬柊鐗瑰緛鍚勫垎閲忎箣闁撴槸浜掍笉鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎴栨槸绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐛�(d煤)绔嬬殑锛屽緸鐞嗚珫涓婄瓑鍍�(ji脿)浜庝娇寰椾簩闅庢垨楂橀殠浜ゅ弶绱⿳閲忔渶灏�銆傚鏋滄牴鎿�(j霉)浜岄殠鎴栭珮闅庝氦鍙夌疮绌嶉噺妲�(g貌u)閫犱竴鍊�(g猫)婧�(zh菙n)鍓囧嚱鏁�(sh霉)锛屽墖鐗瑰緛鍎�(y艒u)鍖栧晱椤屽彲鐞嗚В鐐哄熀浜庢簴(zh菙n)鍓囧嚱鏁�(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛岀壒寰佺殑鍎�(y艒u)鍖�锛屽嵆閫氶亷鏈€灏忓寲鐨勬簴(zh菙n)鍓囧嚱鏁�(sh霉)锛屽湪姒傜巼鎰忕京涓婅▓(j矛)绠楀嚭鍟忛鐨勫叏灞€鏈€鍎�(y艒u)瑙�锛屽熀浜庣祫鍚堝劒(y艒u)鍖栫殑鐗瑰緛閬告搰灏辨槸鍩轰簬涓婅堪鍘熺悊鐨�锛屽父鐢ㄧ殑绲勫悎鍎�(y艒u)鍖栫畻娉曟湁閬哄偝绠楁硶銆佹ā鎿€€鐏畻娉曞拰Tabu鎼滅储绠楁硶绛�銆�

閬哄偝绠楁硶(GA)鏄敱缇庡湅Michigan澶у(xu茅)鐨凥olland鏁欐巿鏍规摎(j霉)Darwin鐨勭敓鐗╅€�(j矛n)鍖栬珫鍜孧endel鐨勯伜鍌宠畩鐣扮悊璜栨彁鍑虹殑涓€绋熀浜庣ó缇ゆ悳绱㈢殑鍎�(y艒u)鍖栫畻娉曘€傚叾鎬濇兂鏄毃姗�(j墨)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷垵濮嬬ó缇�,閫氶亷閬告搰(reproduction)銆佷氦鍙�(crossover)鍜岃畩鐣�(mutation)绛夐伜鍌崇畻瀛愮殑鍏卞悓浣滅敤浣跨ó缇や笉鏂烽€�(j矛n)鍖栵紝鏈€绲傚緱鍒版渶鍎�(y艒u)瑙�銆�

鍩轰簬閬哄偝绠楁硶鐨勭己闄风壒寰佸劒(y艒u)鍖栫殑鍩烘湰鎬濇兂鏄細鍏堝皪寰呭皨鍎�(y艒u)鐨勭己闄风壒寰佸弮鏁�(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛岀法纰�锛屾寜涓€瀹氳(gu墨)妯″垵濮嬪寲绋兢锛岀ó缇や腑鐨勬瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)楂斿氨浠ｈ〃浜嗕竴鍊�(g猫)鍙兘鐨勮В锛涚劧鍚庢牴鎿�(j霉)閬╂噳(y墨ng)搴﹀€煎嚱鏁�(sh霉)瑷�(j矛)绠楁瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)楂旂殑閬╂噳(y墨ng)搴﹀€煎苟渚濇姹哄畾閬哄偝鎿嶄綔锛屽啀鎸変竴瀹氱殑姒傜巼灏嶇ó缇ら€�(j矛n)琛屼氦鍙�銆佽畩鐣�锛岀洿鑷虫豢瓒崇祩姝㈡浠剁祼(ji茅)鏉�銆�

妯℃摤閫€鐏畻娉曟槸涓€绋眰瑙ｅ湪瑕�(gu墨)妯＄祫鍚堝劒(y艒u)鍖栧晱椤岀殑闅ㄦ(j墨)鎬ф柟娉�锛屽畠浠ュ劒(y艒u)鍖栧晱椤岀殑姹傝В鑸囩墿鐞嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)閫€鐏亷绋嬬殑鐩镐技鎬х偤鍩虹(ch菙)锛屽埄鐢╩etropolis绠楁硶骞堕仼鐣�(d膩ng)鎺у埗婧害鐨勪笅闄嶉亷绋嬪(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)妯℃摤閫€鐏�锛屽緸鑰屽緱鍒板叏灞€鏈€鍎�(y艒u)瑙ｃ€傛枃鐛�(xi脿n)[110]鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绋熀浜庤嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)妯℃摤閫€鐏畻娉曠殑鐗瑰緛閬告搰鏂规硶锛岃┎鏂规硶灏囨ā鎿€€鐏畻娉曞祵鍏ュ埌鑷仼鎳�(y墨ng)閬哄偝绠楁硶鐨勫惊鐠�(hu谩n)楂斾腑锛岄伩鍏嶉櫡鍏ュ眬閮ㄦ渶鍎�(y艒u)瑙�銆�

Tabu鎼滅储娉曟渶鏃╃敱缇庡湅Glover鏁欐巿鎻愬嚭锛屽畠鏄皪灞€閮ㄩ牁(l菒ng)鍩熸悳绱㈢殑涓€绋摯(ku貌)灞�锛屾槸涓€绋叏灞€閫愭灏嬪劒(y艒u)绠楁硶銆俆abu鎼滅储娉曞緸涓€鍊�(g猫)鍒濆鍙瑙ｅ嚭鐧�(f膩)锛岄伕鎿囦竴绯诲垪鐨勭壒瀹氭悳绱㈡柟鍚戜綔鐐鸿│鎺�锛岄伕鎿囧(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)璁撶壒瀹氱殑鐩(bi膩o)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍊艰畩鍖栨渶澶氱殑鎼滅储銆傜偤浜嗛伩鍏嶉櫡鍏ュ眬閮ㄦ渶鍎�(y艒u)瑙�锛岄噰鐢ㄤ簡涓€绋潏娲荤殑鈥滆鎲垛€濇妧琛�(sh霉)锛屽皪宸茬稉(j墨ng)閫�(j矛n)琛岀殑鍎�(y艒u)鍖栭亷绋嬮€�(j矛n)琛岃閷勫拰閬告搰锛屾寚灏�(d菐o)涓嬩竴姝ョ殑鎼滅储鏂瑰悜銆傜偤浜嗚兘澶犻€冨嚭灞€閮ㄦサ鍊煎拰閬垮厤寰挵(hu谩n)锛岀畻娉曚腑瑷�(sh猫)缃簡绂佹琛紝鐣�(d膩ng)鎼滅储鐨勮В鍦ㄧ姝㈣〃涓檪(sh铆)锛屽墖鏀炬瑭茶В銆俆abu鎼滅储娉曞彲浠ラ潏娲诲湴浣跨敤绂佹琛ㄨ閷勬悳绱㈤亷绋�锛屽緸鑰屼娇鎼滅储鏃㈣兘鎵惧埌灞€閮ㄦ渶鍎�(y艒u)瑙�锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)鍙堣兘瓒婇亷灞€閮ㄦサ鍊煎緱鍒版洿鍎�(y艒u)鐨勮В銆�

PCA鍜孖CA绛夌窔鎬ч檷缍柟娉曠啊娼旂洿瑙€銆佹暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)鍤�(y谩n)璎�(j菒n)锛屽彲杓冨ソ鐨勭櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)楂樼董鍚戦噺绌洪枔鐨勭窔鎬у瓙绌洪枔涓婄殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)闆嗙殑鍏�(n猫i)閮ㄥ咕浣曠祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽叿鏈夊唬娉涚殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€備絾绶氭€ч檷缍柟娉曢洠浠ヨВ姹洪珮缍┖闁撶殑闈炵窔鎬ф祦褰㈠(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍟忛銆傜偤姝�锛屽熀浜庢祦琛屽(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勯潪绶氭€ч檷缍柟娉曚篃鍙楀埌浜嗙鐮旇€呭€戠殑寤ｆ硾闂�(gu膩n)娉紝涓昏鏈夊眬閮ㄧ窔鎬у祵鍏�(LLE)鏂规硶銆佸眬閮ㄤ繚鎸佹槧灏勬硶(LPP)銆両somap鏂规硶绛�銆傞€欎簺绠楁硶棣栧厛鏍规摎(j霉)绲﹀畾鐨勬ǎ鏈暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)闆嗭紝瀹氱京涓€鍊�(g猫)鎻忚堪鎴愭暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)榛�(di菐n)鐩镐技搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯荤煩闄�锛岀劧鍚庤▓(j矛)绠楅€欏€�(g猫)鐭╅櫍鐨勭壒寰佸€煎拰鐗瑰緛鍚戦噺锛岄伕鎿囧悎閬╃殑鐗瑰緛鍚戦噺鎶曞奖鍒颁綆缍┖闁�锛屽緸鑰屽緱鍒颁綆缍祵鍏ュ悜閲�銆傚洜鎵€妲�(g貌u)寤虹殑闂�(gu膩n)绯荤煩闄ｄ笉鍚�锛屾晠鏈変笉鍚岀殑绠楁硶銆�

2.4琛ㄩ潰缂洪櫡鐩(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)鍒ョ畻娉�

绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒�(statisticalpatternrecognition)鍜屽彞娉�(绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u))妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒�(syntacticpatternrecognition)鏄叐绋熀鏈殑妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒ユ柟娉曘€傚墠鑰呮槸妯″紡鐨勭当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鍒嗛鏂规硶锛屽嵆绲�(ji茅)鍚堢当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)姒傜巼鐨勮矟钁夋柉姹虹瓥绯荤当(t菕ng)閫�(j矛n)琛屾ā鍨嬭瓨(sh铆)鍒ョ殑鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屽張绋辩偤姹虹瓥鐞嗚珫璀�(sh铆)鍒ユ柟娉曪紱鍚庤€呯殑鍩烘湰鎬濇兂鏄妸涓€鍊�(g猫)妯″紡鎻忚堪鐐鸿純绨″柈鐨勫瓙妯″紡鐨勭祫鍚�锛屽瓙妯″紡鍙堝彲閫�(j矛n)涓€姝ユ弿杩扮偤鏇寸啊鍠殑瀛愭ā寮忕殑绲勫悎锛屾渶绲傚緱鍒颁竴鍊�(g猫)妯圭媭绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎻忚堪锛屽埄鐢ㄦā寮忚垏瀛愭ā寮忓垎灞ょ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬ü鐙€淇℃伅瀹屾垚妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒ヤ换鍕�(w霉)銆傛暩(sh霉)瀛楀湒鍍忕殑璀�(sh铆)鍒ュ晱椤岄€氬父閬╃敤浜庣当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒�锛岃€屽彞娉曟ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒ヤ富瑕佺敤浜庨仚鎰熷湒鍍忚瓨(sh铆)鍒�銆佹枃瀛楄瓨(sh铆)鍒ョ瓑锛岀洰鍓嶏紝鍩轰簬姗�(j墨)鍣ㄨ瑕虹殑琛ㄩ潰缂洪櫡璀�(sh铆)鍒ヤ富瑕佹秹鍙婄当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒�銆�

绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒ユ寜鍏跺(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鏂瑰紡鍙堝垎鐐烘湁鐩�(ji膩n)鐫ｅ(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勬ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒ュ拰鐒＄洠(ji膩n)鐫ｅ(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勬ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒�銆傚墠鑰呮槸鍦ㄥ凡鐭ラ鍒ユ(bi膩o)绨界殑鐗瑰緛闆�(鍗宠〒(x霉n)绶撮泦)鍩虹(ch菙)涓婇€�(j矛n)琛屽垎椤炲櫒妲�(g貌u)寤�锛涘悗鑰呬篃绋辩偤鑱氶锛岃┎鏂规硶涓嶉渶瑕佸凡鐭ラ鍒ョ殑瑷�(x霉n)绶撮泦锛屽垎椤炲櫒鐩存帴鏍规摎(j霉)鐗瑰緛鍚戦噺涔嬮枔鐨勭浉浼兼€�锛屽皣寰呭垎椤炵殑鐗瑰緛鍚戦噺闆嗗悎鍒嗙偤鑻ュ共鍊�(g猫)瀛愰泦銆�

2.4.1鏈夌洠(ji膩n)鐫ｅ(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勬ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒�

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4)鏀寔鍚戦噺姗�(j墨)銆備汉宸ョ缍�(j墨ng)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鏂规硶鍏锋湁涓€绯诲垪鐨勫劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)锛屼絾鏈夋檪(sh铆)涔熷瓨鍦ㄦ硾鍖栬兘鍔涗笉寮�(qi谩ng)銆佺畻娉曡€楁檪(sh铆)杓冨銆佸線寰€闇€瑕佹湁杓冨瑷�(x霉n)绶存ǎ鏈瓑鍟忛銆傛敮鎸佸悜閲忔(j墨)(SVM)鏄疺apnik鏍规摎(j霉)绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐞嗚珫浜�1995骞存彁鍑虹殑锛屽畠閲囩敤绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)棰�(f膿ng)闅�(xi菐n)鏈€灏忓寲(SRM)鑰岄潪缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)棰�(f膿ng)闅�(xi菐n)鏈€灏忓寲(ERM)鍘熺悊锛岄€氶亷灏囨ǎ鏈粸(di菐n)鎵€鍦ㄧ殑杓稿叆绌洪枔鏄犲皠鍒伴珮缍殑鐗瑰緛绌洪枔锛屼互閬�(d谩)鍒扮窔鎬у彲鍒嗘垨鑰呯窔鎬ц繎浼煎彲鍒嗙殑鐩殑銆�

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鏀寔鍚戦噺姗�(j墨)鏄竴绋湁鍫�(ji膩n)瀵�(sh铆)鐞嗚珫鍩虹(ch菙)鐨勫皬妯ｆ湰瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏂规硶锛屽叾鏈€绲傛焙绛栧嚱鏁�(sh霉)鍙敱灏戞暩(sh霉)鐨勬敮鎸佸悜閲忔墍纰哄畾锛岃▓(j矛)绠楃殑寰�(f霉)闆滄€у彇姹轰簬鏀寔鍚戦噺鐨勬暩(sh霉)鐩€屼笉鏄ǎ鏈┖闁撶殑缍暩(sh霉)銆係VM鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸靛湪浜庢牳鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛屼綆缍┖闁撳悜閲忛泦閫氬父闆ｄ簬鍔冨垎锛岃В姹虹殑鏂规硶鏄皣瀹冨€戞槧灏勫埌楂樼董绌洪枔锛屽彧瑕侀伕鐢ㄩ仼鐣�(d膩ng)?sh霉)鏆挄鐦�?sh霉)锛屽氨鍙互寰楀埌楂樼董绌洪枔鐨勫垎椤炲嚱鏁�(sh霉)锛岄€欏湪鏌愮ó鎰忕京涓婇伩鍏嶄簡鈥滅董鏁�(sh霉)鐏�(z膩i)闆ｂ€�锛涜€屼笖灏戞暩(sh霉)鏀寔鍚戦噺姹哄畾浜嗘渶绲傜祼(ji茅)鏋�锛岄€欐ǎ鍙互鍓旈櫎澶ч噺鍐椾綑妯ｆ湰锛屾墍浠ョ畻娉曠啊鍠€屼笖鍏锋湁杓冨ソ鐨勯妫掓€�銆傛敮鎸佸悜閲忔(j墨)鐞嗚珫鍦ㄨВ姹哄皬妯ｆ湰銆侀潪绶氭€у強楂樼董妯″紡璀�(sh铆)鍒ヤ腑琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍑鸿ū澶氱壒鏈夌殑鍎�(y艒u)鍕�锛屽湪琛ㄩ潰妾㈡脯銆佹ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒�銆佹晠闅滆ê鏂风瓑鏂归潰鏈夋垚鍔熺殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛屽苟琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍑哄緢楂樼殑鏈夋晥鎬у拰榄鎬�銆�

2.4.2鐒＄洠(ji膩n)鐫ｅ(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勬ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒�

鐒＄洠(ji膩n)鐫ｅ(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勬ā寮忚瓨(sh铆)鍒ョ殑瑷�(x霉n)绶存ǎ鏈矑鏈夐鍒ユ(bi膩o)绨�锛屼富瑕佷互鑱氶鍒嗙祫渚嗘彮绀烘ā寮忕祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼篃绋辫仛椤炪€傝仛椤炴槸涓€鍊�(g猫)灏囨暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)闆嗗妰鍒嗙偤鑻ュ共绲勬垨绨囩殑閬庣▼锛屼娇寰楀悓涓€椤炵殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶈薄涔嬮枔鐨勭浉浼煎害杓冮珮锛岃€屼笉鍚岄鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶈薄涔嬮枔鐨勭浉浼煎害杓冧綆銆�

鐩墠鍑虹従(xi脿n)浜嗗ぇ閲忕殑鑱氶绠楁硶锛屽叾閬告搰鍙栨焙浜庢暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勯鍨�銆佽仛椤炵殑鐩殑銆備富瑕佺殑鑱氶绠楁硶鍙互鍔冨垎鐐哄涓嬪咕椤烇細鍔冨垎鏂规硶銆佸堡娆℃柟娉�銆佸瘑搴︽柟娉曘€佺恫(w菐ng)鏍兼柟娉曚互鍙婃ā鍨嬫柟娉�銆�

1)鍔冨垎鏂规硶銆傚妰鍒嗘硶(partitioningmethods)鏄仛椤炲垎鏋愪腑鏈€鐐哄父瑕嬬殑涓€绋柟娉�锛屽叾鐩殑鏄皣绲﹀畾鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶈薄闆嗛€氶亷鍔冨垎鎿嶄綔鍒嗘垚鑻ュ共鍒嗙祫锛屾瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)鍒嗙祫琛ㄧず涓€鍊�(g猫)鑱氶銆傚妰鍒嗘檪(sh铆)闇€瑕侀爯(y霉)鍏堟寚瀹氳仛椤炴暩(sh霉)鐩垨鑱氶涓績锛岄€氶亷鍙嶅京(f霉)杩唬閬�(y霉n)绠�锛岄€愭闄嶄綆鐩(bi膩o)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勮宸€硷紝鐣�(d膩ng)鐩(bi膩o)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍊兼敹鏂傛檪(sh铆)锛屽緱鍒版渶绲傝仛椤炵祼(ji茅)鏋�銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑鍔冨垎娉曟湁锛欿-means銆並-medoids銆丆LARA銆丆LARANS銆並-prototypes绛�銆�

K-means绠楁硶鏄緢鍏稿瀷鐨勫熀浜庤窛闆㈢殑鑱氶绠楁硶锛岄噰鐢ㄨ窛闆綔鐐虹浉浼兼€х殑瑭曞児(ji脿)鎸囨(bi膩o)锛屽嵆瑾�(r猫n)鐐哄叐鍊�(g猫)灏嶈薄鐨勮窛闆㈣秺杩戯紝鍏剁浉浼煎害灏辫秺澶�銆傚皣K-means鏂规硶鑸囧叾浠栨妧琛�(sh霉)绲�(ji茅)鍚堝彲浠ユ彁楂楰-means鏂规硶鐨勮仛椤炶兘鍔涳紝鏂囩嵒(xi脿n)[117]绲�(ji茅)鍚堥伜鍌崇畻娉曚竴瀹氱▼搴︿笂瑙ｆ焙浜嗗叏灞€鏈€鍎�(y艒u)鎴栬繎浼兼渶鍎�(y艒u)瑙ｇ殑鍟忛锛涙枃鐛�(xi脿n)[118]灏囧厤鐤畻娉曡垏K-means鑱氶鐩哥祼(ji茅)鍚堬紝鎻愬嚭浜嗗熀浜庡厤鐤(gu墨)鍔冪殑K-means鑱氶鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶锛涙枃鐛�(xi脿n)[119]鍒╃敤鐢ㄧ獥鍙ｆ妧琛�(sh霉)鎻愰珮浜咾-means鏂规硶鐨勮仛椤炲垎鏋愯兘鍔�锛涙枃鐛�(xi脿n)[120]鍦ㄨ仛椤炲垎椤炴暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)涓噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ蹇屾悳绱㈡妧琛�(sh霉)锛涙澶朇ONTROLENGINEERINGChina鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈�锛屾枃鐛�(xi脿n)[121]鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绋ā绯奒-prototypes绠楁硶锛岃┎绠楁硶铻嶅悎浜咾-means鍜孠-modes灏嶆暩(sh霉)鍊煎瀷鍜屽垎椤炲瀷鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勮檿鐞嗘柟娉�锛岃兘澶犺檿鐞嗘贩鍚堥鍨嬬殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛涙枃鐛�(xi脿n)[122]涓皣妯＄硦鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鐞嗚珫鑸嘖-means绠楁硶铻嶅悎锛屽皪K-means绠楁硶閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡鏈夋晥鏀归€�(j矛n)銆�

2)灞ゆ鏂规硶銆傚堡娆℃硶(HierarchicalMethods)涔熺ū鐐烘ü鑱氶绠楁硶锛屽堡娆¤仛椤炴槸灏囨暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶈薄闆嗗垎瑙ｆ垚骞剧礆閫愮礆閫�(j矛n)琛岃仛椤�锛岄仦姝稿湴灏嶇郸瀹氱殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶈薄闆嗛€�(j矛n)琛屽悎骞舵垨鍒嗚В锛岀洿鍒版豢瓒抽檺鍒舵浠剁偤姝�锛屽叾鑱氶绲�(ji茅)鏋滄渶绲備互椤炲垾妯圭殑褰㈠紡椤ず銆傚堡娆℃柟娉曟牴鎿�(j霉)鍒嗚В鏂瑰紡鐨勪笉鍚屽彲浠ュ垎鐐哄嚌鑱氬紡(agglomerative)鍜屽垎瑁傚紡(division)銆傚堡娆＄畻娉曚笉闇€瑕侀爯(y霉)鍏堟寚瀹氳仛椤炵殑鏁�(sh霉)鐩�锛屼絾鏄湪鍑濊仛鎴栧垎瑁傜殑灞ゆ鑱氶绠楁硶涓�锛岀敤鎴跺彲浠ラ爯(y霉)鍏堝畾缇╁笇鏈涘緱鍒扮殑鑱氶鏁�(sh霉)鐩綔鐐虹畻娉曠殑绲�(ji茅)鏉熸浠讹紝鐣�(d膩ng)瑭叉浠堕仈(d谩)鍒版豢瓒虫檪(sh铆)锛岀畻娉曞皣绲傛銆傚叾浠ｈ〃绠楁硶鏈夛細BIRCH銆丆URE銆丆HAMELEON銆丷OCK銆丼BAC鍜孊UBBLE绛�銆�

灞ゆ鑱氶鐨勫劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)楂旂従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ畻娉曡兘寰楀埌涓嶅悓绮掑害鐨勫灞ゆ鑱氶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀己闄峰湪浜庢矑鏈夊叏灞€鍎�(y艒u)鍖栫殑鐩(bi膩o)鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛屽悎骞舵垨鍒嗚榛�(di菐n)鐨勯伕鎿囨瘮杓冨洶闆ｏ紝灏嶅櫔鑱�銆佸绔嬮粸(di菐n)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)姣旇純鏁忔劅锛屼笉閬╀簬闈炲嚫鍨嬪垎甯冪殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏嶈薄闆嗙瓑銆傜偤姝�锛岀爺绌惰€呭€戠郸鍑轰簡涓€浜涙敼閫�(j矛n)绠楁硶锛屽灏囧堡娆¤仛椤炲拰鍏朵粬鐨勮仛椤炲垎鏋愭妧琛�(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛岄泦鎴�锛屽舰鎴愬闅庢鑱氶绛�銆�

3)瀵嗗害鏂规硶銆傚瘑搴︽柟娉�(density-basedmethods)鐨勬寚灏�(d菐o)鎬濇兂鏄紝鍙涓€鍊�(g猫)鍗€(q奴)鍩熶腑鐨勯粸(di菐n)鐨勫瘑搴﹀ぇ浜庢煇鍊�(g猫)闁惧€�锛屽氨鎶婂畠鍔犲埌鑸囦箣鐩歌繎鐨勮仛椤炰腑鍘�锛屽嵆閫氶亷鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)瀵嗗害(鍠綅鍗€(q奴)鍩熷収(n猫i)鐨勫(sh铆)渚嬫暩(sh霉))渚嗙櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浠绘剰褰㈢媭鐨勯绨�銆傝┎鏂规硶鑸囧叾浠栨柟娉曠殑涓€鍊�(g猫)鏍规湰鍗€(q奴)鍒ユ槸锛氬畠涓嶆槸鍩轰簬璺濋洟鐨�锛岃€屾槸鍩轰簬瀵嗗害鐨�锛岄€欐ǎ灏辫兘鍏嬫湇鍩轰簬璺濋洟鐨勭畻娉曞彧鑳界櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鈥滈鍦撳舰鈥濈殑鑱氶鐨勭己榛�(di菐n)銆傚叾浠ｈ〃绠楁硶鏈夛細DBSCAN銆丱PTICS銆丏ENCLUE銆丟DBSCAN銆丗DC绠楁硶绛�銆�

鍩轰簬瀵嗗害鐨勮仛椤炵畻娉曠殑鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)鏄竴閬嶆巸鎻�锛屽苟鍙互寰堝ソ鐨勯亷婵惧櫔鑱插拰瀛ょ珛榛�(di菐n)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛岀櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浠绘剰褰㈢媭銆佷笉瀹氬€�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯锛涘叾缂洪粸(di菐n)鏄畻娉曞京(f霉)闆滃害杓冮珮锛屽皪浜庡瘑搴﹀垎甯冧笉鍧囩殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)闆嗚仛椤炴晥鏋滀笉浣�銆�

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