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瑭辫獮鍒嗘瀽鎸囩殑鏄嚜鐒剁櫦(f膩)鐢熺殑閫ｈ搏鐨勫彛闋垨鏇搁潰瑭辫獮鐨勮獮瑷€鍒嗘瀽锛屽畠闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄨ┍瑾炰箣闁撶殑鑱�(li谩n)绯�锛屾彮绀鸿┍瑾炴繁灞ょ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮獮鐢ㄦ剰缇╁拰鍔熻兘銆傞€氶亷灏嶈┍瑾炵殑瀹忚鍜屽井瑙€鐮旂┒鎻ず瑭辫獮娼涘湪鐨勫簳铇�锛岀櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)瑭辫獮鐨勬剰缇�锛屽苟鍋�(c猫)閲嶄簬鐮旂┒瑷€瑾炵殑鍔熻兘鍜岃┍瑾炵殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佷汉鍊戞€庢ǎ浣跨敤瑾炶█渚嗛仈鍒颁氦寰€鐩殑浠ュ強瑾炶█浣跨敤鐨勫叾浠栧悇鍊嬫柟闈㈢殑鍟忛銆� 灏嶄簬瑷€瑾炵殑鍔熻兘椤炲瀷锛屼笉鍚屽(xu茅)鑰呮湁涓嶅悓鐨勫妰鍒�銆傞€欓噷鏇村偩鍚戜簬婢冲ぇ鍒╀簽瑾炶█瀛�(xu茅)瀹堕煋绂痉锛圡.A.K锛嶩alliday.锛夌殑瑾硶锛屼粬鍦ㄣ€婁綔鐐虹ぞ鏈冪铏熺殑瑾炶█銆嬶紙Language as social semiotic,1978锛変竴鏇镐腑鎶婅獮瑷€鐨勫姛鑳芥鎷偤涓夌ó^[2]锛�

锛�1锛夐仈鎰忓姛鑳斤紙ideational function锛�锛岄€欑ó鍔熻兘鐢卞叐閮ㄥ垎绲勬垚锛氣憼缍�(j墨ng)椹楀姛鑳斤紙experiential function锛�锛屽嵆瑾炶█灏嶈瑳瑭辫€呯殑瑕韩缍�(j墨ng)姝峰拰鍏�(n猫i)蹇冩椿鍕曠殑琛ㄩ仈鍔熻兘銆傗憽閭忚集鍔熻兘锛屽嵆灏嶈Κ韬稉(j墨ng)姝蜂腑鎵€鍙栧緱鐨勬娊璞＄殑閭忚集闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑琛ㄩ仈鍔熻兘銆�

锛�2锛変汉闅涘姛鑳斤紙interpersonal function锛�锛屽嵆瑾炶█灏嶈瑳瑭辫€呭拰鍙楄┍鑰呭浣曞缓绔嬪拰缍寔涓€瀹氱殑绀炬渻闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑琛ㄩ仈鍔熻兘銆�

锛�3锛夌祫绡囧姛鑳斤紙textual function锛�锛屽嵆浣胯獮瑷€鏃笂涓嬮€ｈ搏鍙堢鍚堣獮澧冮渶瑕佺殑鍔熻兘銆�

浜烘鐣岄潰瑭辫獮锛屾槸姣斿舰寮忚獮鍙ユ洿澶х殑瑾炶█鍠綅锛屾槸鍦ㄤ汉姗熶氦浜掓椿鍕曢亷绋嬩腑鐨勪簰鍕曡獮瑷€銆備汉姗熺晫闈㈣┍瑾炴噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ汉鍊戠啛鐭ョ殑銆佸ぇ鐪惧寲鐨�銆侀€氫織鏄撴噦鐨勫舰寮忚獮瑷€鐐烘簼閫氬獟浠嬶紝浠ュ嚌绶磋薄寰佺殑瑕栬绗﹁櫉銆佽伣瑕轰俊铏熺瓑瑾炶█鍌抽仈鐣岄潰淇℃伅锛屼娇浜鸿垏姗熼爢鍒╀氦娴佽垏婧濋€氾紝浠ユ瀵︾従(xi脿n)姗熺殑鍔熻兘锛屽悓鏅傞€氶亷浜烘鐣岄潰灞曠従(xi脿n)浼佹キ(y猫)褰㈣薄锛屽彲浠ヨ寰楋紝浜烘鐣岄潰鑸囪┍瑾炲叿鏈変竴瀹氱殑鍏遍€氭€�銆�

2 浜烘鐣岄潰瑭辫獮鐨勫姛鑳芥灦妲�(g貌u)

2.1 浜烘鐣岄潰瑭辫獮鐨勮獚(r猫n)鐭ユ€�

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浜虹殑鎰熻鍜屽垽鏂疯兘鍔涙湁钁楀湅闅涙€х殑銆佸瑙€鎬х殑鐗瑰緛锛岀敘(ch菐n)鍝佷腑瀛樺湪钁楀叡鍚屾€у洜绱�锛屽畠浣垮叏浜洪鑳藉仛鍑哄悓妯ｇ殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傝浣夸汉姗熺晫闈㈢鍚堜娇鐢ㄨ€呯殑蹇冩櫤妯″紡锛屽氨鎳�(y墨ng)浜嗚В鐢ㄦ埗鐨勪竴鑸獚(r猫n)鐭ヨ(gu墨)寰�銆備緥濡�锛屽湪浜嗚В浜虹殑娉ㄦ剰鍔涙槸鏈夐檺鐨勬儏娉佷笅锛岀晫闈㈣ō(sh猫)瑷堟噳(y墨ng)鐩￠噺閬垮厤鍚屾檪灏嶆敞鎰忓姏閬庡绔剁埈鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷堬紝鍚﹀墖鏈冭秴鍑鸿獚(r猫n)鐭ヨ檿鐞嗗櫒鐨勮檿鐞嗚兘鍔�锛屽緸鑰屽皫(d菐o)鑷翠汉楂旀鍣ㄧ殑澶遍潏鍜屾晠闅�銆傚湪瑷�(sh猫)瑷堟檪锛岄鍏�锛屾垜鍊戣鏈変竴鍊嬫槑纰虹殑鐩(bi膩o)淇℃伅锛屾帴涓嬩締纰哄垏鍦扮煡閬撶敤鎴堕渶瑕佷粈涔堜俊鎭�锛屽彧鏈夌敤鎴舵兂鐛插緱鐨勪俊鎭垏浣犳兂鎺ㄥ嚭鐨勭洰妯�(bi膩o)淇℃伅涓€鑷�锛屾墠鑳借畵鐢ㄦ埗鏇村揩鍦版敞鎰忓埌浣犵殑淇℃伅銆傚彟澶�锛屼俊鎭殑椤ず鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鐩￠噺绨℃綌閱掔洰锛屼究浜庤瓨鍒ュ拰鍩�(zh铆)琛�锛涢伩鍏嶅湪鐣岄潰涓婂畨鎺掗亷澶氱殑淇℃伅锛屼俊鎭噺閬庤級鏈冨垎鏁ｇ敤鎴剁殑娉ㄦ剰鍔�锛屼娇鐢ㄦ埗鎰熻娣蜂簜鑰屽奖闊夸娇鐢�锛屾湁鏅傞倓鏈冨紩璧风穵寮点€傚悓鏅�锛屽湴鍩�銆佹枃鍖栥€佹€ф牸銆佹暀鑲茬瓑閮芥渻褰遍熆鍒颁汉鐨勮獚(r猫n)鐭ユā寮�锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷堝斧涔熸噳(y墨ng)灏嶆鏈夋墍浜嗚В锛屽緸鑰岃ō(sh猫)瑷堥枊鐧�(f膩)鍑洪潰鍚戠洰妯�(bi膩o)甯傚牬鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鍝佷締銆�

2.2 浜烘鐣岄潰瑭辫獮鐨勫偝閬旀€�

鍦ㄧ悊瑙ｇ敤鎴剁殑瑾�(r猫n)鐭ュ悗锛屽氨闇€鍒╃敤鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佽獮缇╁(xu茅)鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹逛締琛ㄩ仈浜烘鐣岄潰瑭辫獮鐨勫姛鑳斤紝璁撲汉姗熺晫闈㈡湰韬垚鐐�“鑷槑涔嬬墿”銆傜敱浜庤獮缇╁叿鏈夊鍏冩€�锛岃浠ヨ布鍒囩殑瑾炶█鑸囦娇鐢ㄨ€呮簼閫氾紝闂�(gu膩n)閸靛氨鍦ㄤ簬鐣岄潰瑷�(sh猫)瑷堟墍浣跨敤鐨勫厓绱犺垏鎵€琛ㄩ仈鐨勫惈缇╅倧杓棞(gu膩n)绯昏绺濆瘑銆佸毚(y谩n)璎�(j菒n)銆傞€氶亷灏嶇铏熷(xu茅)鐨勭爺绌�锛岃В姹虹晫闈㈣ō(sh猫)瑷堜腑鍦栧舰绗﹁櫉鐨勪俊鎭瓨鍒ュ拰鍌抽仈锛屽付绲︿汉鍊戞柟渚垮拰浜彈銆傚湪鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佽獮缇╁偝閬斾腑锛屽鏋滄矑鏈夋剰璀樺埌浣跨敤鑰呯殑蹇冪悊鎰熷彈鍜屾湡鏈涘€�锛岄偅涔堬紝鏈夋晥鐨勮獮缇╁偝閬斿皣鐒℃硶瀵︾従(xi脿n)锛岄€犳垚浜哄€戣獚(r猫n)鐭ヤ笂鐨勯殰绀欏拰鍥伴洠銆傚湪鐣岄潰瑷�(sh猫)瑷堟檪鎳�(y墨ng)鎻愪緵浠ヤ笅浜旂ó瑾炵京琛ㄩ仈^[4]锛氬舰鐙€鍚京锛屾柟鍚�銆佺浉浜掍綅缃惈缇�锛岀媭鎱�(t脿i)鍚京锛屾瘮杓冨垽鏂峰惈缇╋紝鎻愮ず鎿嶄綔鍚京銆傞€氶亷浜哄€戝凡缍�(j墨ng)鐔熺煡鐨勫舰鐙€銆侀鑹�銆佹潗鏂�銆佷綅缃殑绲勫悎渚嗚〃绀烘搷浣滐紝骞朵娇瀹冪殑鎿嶄綔閬庣▼绗﹀悎浜虹殑琛屽嫊鐗归粸锛屽悓鏅傛彁渚涙搷浣滃弽楗嬶紝浣跨敤鎴跺皪鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑浠讳綍淇℃伅閮借兘鍕曞湴瑾�(r猫n)璀樿垏鎶婃彙銆傜暥(d膩ng)鐒�锛屽鏋滅磾绮瑰緸鍔熻兘鎬ц搴﹁憲鎵嬩締瑷�(sh猫)瑷堢敘(ch菐n)鍝�锛屽墖鏈冧娇閫欑ó鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑澶氱ó鐗瑰緛鎬э紙濡傛皯鏃忔€�銆佺磾绮规€э級鍥犵礌涓€у寲鑰屽け鍘荤敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑鍊嬫€х壒榛炪€�

2.3 浜烘鐣岄潰瑭辫獮鐨勫畨鍏ㄦ€�

浜鸿垏浜轰氦寰€鏅�锛屽弸濂界殑銆佺劇鏀绘搳鎬х殑瑾炶█鏄垚鍔熺殑涓€鍗�銆傝鏈€鏈夊埄鐨勭櫦(f膩)鎻汉鐨勫伐浣滄晥鐜�锛屾笡灏戜笉鍒╂浠�锛屽氨蹇呴爤浣垮叾閫犲瀷瑷�(sh猫)瑷堢劇璜栧緸鐢熺悊涓婇倓鏄績鐞嗕笂閮借婊胯冻浜哄€戣垝閬╂€у拰瀹滀汉鎬х殑瑕佹眰銆傚洜姝�锛屽湪浜烘鐣岄潰瑷�(sh猫)瑷堟檪锛屽悓妯ｄ篃闇€鑰冩叜鍒颁汉姗熷伐绋嬪(xu茅)鍥犵礌銆� 灏嶄簬涓€浠剁敘(ch菐n)鍝佹槸濡備綍渚嗚⿻鍍瑰畠鍦ㄤ汉姗熷伐绋嬪(xu茅)鏂归潰鏄惁绗﹀悎瑕�(gu墨)鑼冿紝灞簬浜烘€у寲鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鍝佸憿锛熶互寰峰湅Stulgart瑷�(sh猫)瑷堜腑蹇冪偤渚嬶紝鍦ㄨ⿻閬告瘡骞村劒(y艒u)鑹敘(ch菐n)鍝佹檪锛屼汉姗熷伐绋嬩笂鎵€瑷�(sh猫)瀹氱殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐐�^[5]锛氾紙1锛夌敘(ch菐n)鍝佽垏浜洪珨鐨勫昂瀵�銆佸舰鐙€鍙婄敤鍔涙槸鍚﹂厤鍚�锛涳紙2锛夌敘(ch菐n)鍝佹槸鍚﹂爢鎵嬪拰濂戒娇鐢�锛涳紙3锛夋槸鍚﹂槻姝簡浣跨敤浜烘搷浣滄檪鎰忓鍌峰鍜岄尟鐢ㄦ檪鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑 鍗遍毆锛涳紙4锛夊悇鎿嶄綔鍠厓鏄惁瀵︾敤锛涳紙5锛夊悇鍏冧欢鍦ㄥ畨缃笂鑳藉惁浣垮叾鎰忕京姣劇鐤戝晱鐨勮杈ㄨ獚(r猫n)锛涳紙6锛夌敘(ch菐n)鍝佹槸鍚︽槗浜庢竻娲�銆佷繚椁�(y菐ng)鍙婁慨鐞嗐€傚湪瑷�(sh猫)瑷堟檪锛屽彧鏈夐噸瑕栦汉鐨勫洜绱�锛岄噺楂旇琛ｏ紝璁撲汉鍝℃搷浣滀娇鐢ㄨ捣渚嗗緱蹇冩噳(y墨ng)鎵�锛屽畨鍏�銆佽垝閬�銆侀珮鏁�銆佺稉(j墨ng)婵熺瓑璜告柟闈㈡墠鑳藉緱鍒颁繚闅溿€�

3 浜烘鐣岄潰瑭辫獮鐨勬儏鎰熸饯椋�

寰炶獮鐢ㄥ(xu茅)瑙掑害鐪�锛屼汉椤炰氦闅涢亷绋嬩腑涓嶅儏鍍呴潬瑾炶█鎵嬫锛岄倓瑕佹湁浜ら殯鑳藉姏銆備汉姗熺晫闈㈡槸浜鸿獚(r猫n)鐭ョ敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑“鍒囧叆榛�”锛屼篃鏄汉鎿嶄綔銆佷娇鐢ㄧ敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑“鎺ヨЦ榛�”銆傚畠鏄紒妤�(y猫)鐨勫舰璞′唬琛ㄤ箣涓€锛屽洜姝ゅ叿鏈変竴瀹氱殑绀句氦鍔熻兘锛岃閬斿埌鍏跺姛鑳斤紝浜烘鐣岄潰闇€鍏锋湁浠ヤ笅鐗归粸锛�

3.1 浜烘鐣岄潰瑭辫獮鐨勫缇庢€�

涓湅鐨勫偝绲�(t菕ng)鏂囧寲鍋忔剾婧煍鏁﹀帤锛岀編鍦嬬殑鐗涗粩鏂囧寲鍋忔剾绮楃嵎銆佽豹鐖�锛屼簬鏄舰鎴愪簡杩ョ劧涓嶅悓鐨勮獮瑷€瀵╃編瑙€銆備俊鎭檪浠�锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷堝凡缍�(j墨ng)瓒呰秺浜嗗舰寮忚垏鍔熻兘鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紝鍒╃敤瑷�(sh猫)瑷堟敼鍠勬簼閫氫汉鑸囨鐨勭晫闈�锛屾秷闄ょ晫闈㈢殑闅滅锛屽湪鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佸鐢ㄣ€佽獚(r猫n)鐭ョ殑鍩虹(ch菙)涓婄敘(ch菐n)鐢熷績鐞嗗姛鑳芥垨绮剧鍔熻兘銆備竴鍊嬬従(xi脿n)浠ｇ敘(ch菐n)鍝佸湪闁嬬櫦(f膩)瀹屾垚浜嗚┎鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑鏍稿績鎶€琛�(sh霉)闁嬬櫦(f膩)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓婏紝鎳�(y墨ng)瑭叉牴鎿�(j霉)瑭茬敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑甯傚牬瀹氫綅銆佷娇鐢ㄥ姛鑳姐€佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)褰㈠紡锛岀郸鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佽ō(sh猫)瑷堜竴鍊嬫紓浜殑澶栬骞跺皣鍚勭ó鍏�銆佸櫒浠惰ō(sh猫)瑷堝埌閬╃暥(d膩ng)?sh霉)濂堟仮钂欏笇顑含姊㈢矉鈧畬鏁寸殑銆佺編瑙€鐨�銆佸鐢ㄧ殑銆佺鍚堝伐妤�(y猫)鍖栫敓鐢�(ch菐n)鐨勬柊鐢�(ch菐n)鍝�銆傚悎鐞嗗埄鐢ㄧ編瀛�(xu茅)涓婄殑褰㈠紡缇庢硶鍓囷紝閫氶亷灏嶇晫闈㈢殑鏉愭枡銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸姛鑳�銆佸舰鎱�(t脿i)銆佽壊褰╃瓑鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷�锛屾豢瓒充汉鍊戞劅瑕轰笂鐨勬剦鎮呮€с€傚皪绋�銆佸潎琛°€佺瘈(ji茅)濂�銆侀熁寰嬬瓑褰㈠紡缇庢硶鍓囦技涔庨兘鑳藉湪浜烘鐣岄潰涓婃壘鍒扮浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€傚鍦�3鎵€绀虹殑DMG CTX 210钀兘杌婂簥锛屽湪澶栬瑷�(sh猫)瑷堜笂涓昏閮ㄤ欢鐐虹啊鍠殑骞句綍楂旓紝鏁撮珨閫犲瀷绲�(t菕ng)涓€瀹屾暣锛岃壊褰╅噰鐢ㄦ矇钁�銆佹ǜ瀵�銆佺磾搴︿笉楂樼殑鐧�銆佺伆銆佹泛缍狅紝榛炵洞浠ヤ寒楹楃殑鑹插僵锛屽柈绱旇€屼笉鍠(di脿o)锛屾矇闈滆€屼笉娌夋偠锛岄€欐ǎ鐨勭敤鑹叉韩棣�銆佸惈钃�銆佽€愮湅锛屾棦鍙嶆槧鏁�(sh霉)鎺ф搴婄殑鍔熻兘鐗瑰緛锛屽張鍙娇鎿嶄綔鑰呭湪浣跨敤涓劅鍒扮挵(hu谩n)澧冭垝閬�锛屾鍣ㄨΚ鍒�锛屽緸鑰岀簿绁炴剦蹇�銆佹儏绶掔┅(w臎n)瀹氬湴宸ヤ綔銆�

3.2 浜烘鐣岄潰瑭辫獮鐨勯ⅷ(f膿ng)鏍煎寲

缇庡湅鐨勬斂璜栨紨璎涘瘬鑾婁簬璜�锛屽菇榛樸€佽┘璜ф垚鍒嗘洿澶�銆備腑鍦嬬殑鏀胯珫婕旇瑳鑾婇噸銆佸毚(y谩n)鑲�锛屾偛澹殑鑹插僵鏇存績銆傚悓妯ｇ殑锛屼紒妤�(y猫)鐨勪汉姗熺晫闈篃鏈夊悇鑷殑棰�(f膿ng)鏍�銆傚悓涓€浼佹キ(y猫)鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鍝佸叿鏈夌浉鍚岀殑璀樺垾瑕佺礌锛屾湁涓€濂楀垏瀵﹀彲琛岀殑棰�(f膿ng)鏍煎皫(d菐o)鍚戠郴绲�(t菕ng)锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ョū涔嬬偤鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑DNA銆傜敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑棰�(f膿ng)鏍兼槸浜哄€戝皪鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佸叡鎬х壒榛炵殑瑾�(r猫n)鐭ワ紝閫氶亷鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑浜烘鐣岄潰楂旂従(xi脿n)鍑轰締锛岃畵鐢ㄦ埗涓€鐪煎氨鍙互璀樺垾^[6]銆傜敘(ch菐n)鍝佽瓨鍒ユ槸浼佹キ(y猫)褰㈣薄璀樺垾琛岀偤绛栫暐涓殑涓€鏀�锛屽叿楂旂殑鎿嶄綔鏂规硶涓€鑸槸鍦ㄧ洿瑙€灞ゆ鍖呮嫭褰㈡厠(t脿i)銆佹搷浣滅晫闈�銆佽壊褰┿€佹潗璩�(zh矛)銆佺敤鎴剁稉(j墨ng)椹楀強浼佹キ(y猫)鏂囧寲绛夋柟闈㈠舰鎴愪紒妤�(y猫)鐛ㄧ壒鐨勯ⅷ(f膿ng)鏍笺€傜敘(ch菐n)鍝佸舰璞＄殑璀樺垾瑷�(sh猫)瑷堣鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸晥鏋�锛屽氨蹇呴爤鑳藉拰鍝佺墝娑堣不鑰呯敘(ch菐n)鐢熷叡槌达紝鑳介€犳垚鑸囩鐖皪鎵嬬殑宸暟锛屽弽鏄犱紒妤�(y猫)绲勭箶鑳藉鍜屽笇鏈涜〃閬斾簺浠€涔�^[7]銆傚洜姝ょ瓥鐣ユ€х殑鍝佺墝鍒嗘瀽鑳藉公鍔╄ō(sh猫)瑷堝斧浜嗚В绔剁埈鑰呭拰鍝佺墝鏈韩鍖呮嫭鍝佺墝鑳屽悗鐨勪紒妤�(y猫)銆傞毃钁楀競鍫寸敘(ch菐n)鍝佺鐖殑鏃ョ泭鍔犲妵锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷堝斧蹇呴爤纰哄畾灏囬ⅷ(f膿ng)鏍艰瀺鍏ュ埌鍏烽珨鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷堜腑锛屽叾鏍艰(di脿o)鑸囪壊褰╄兘閬╁悎鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｇ殑瓒ㄥ嫝锛屽苟瀹岀編鍦板皣瀹冨€戣垏鍔熻兘鎬у洜绱犵祼(ji茅)鍚堝湪涓€璧�锛屾墠鑳藉湪婵€鐑堢殑甯傚牬绔剁埈涓珛浜庝笉鏁椾箣鍦�銆傜洿瑙€鑰岄倧杓寲鐨勮彍鍠�銆佹槗璁€鐨勫瓧楂�銆佽棟琛�(sh霉)鐨勫湒褰�銆佹湁瓒ｇ殑鍕曠暙銆佸悎鐞嗙殑鍔熻兘绲勫悎绛�锛岄€欎簺鍏冪礌琚ū鐐�“璜惧熀浜炶ō(sh猫)瑷圖NA”锛岄珨鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗕汉鎬у寲鐨勭敤鎴剁晫闈�銆�

3.3 浜烘鐣岄潰瑭辫獮鐨勬儏鎰熷寲

鎯呮劅鍏锋湁涓夌ó鎴愬垎锛氾紙1锛変富瑙€楂旈锛屽嵆鍊嬮珨灏嶄笉鍚屾儏鎰熺媭鎱�(t脿i)鐨勮嚜鎴戞劅鍙楋紱锛�2锛夊閮ㄨ〃鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽嵆琛ㄦ儏锛屽湪鎯呮劅鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鐧�(f膩)鐢熸檪韬珨鍚勯儴鍒嗙殑鍕曚綔閲忓寲褰㈠紡锛涳紙3锛夌敓鐞嗗枤閱�锛屽嵆鎯呮劅鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鐢熺悊鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾槸涓€绋敓鐞嗙殑婵€娲绘按骞�锛屽叿鏈変笉鍚岀殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)妯″紡銆傚攼绱嶅痉·A·璜炬浖鍦ㄣ€婃儏鎰熷寲瑷�(sh猫)瑷堛€嬩竴鏇镐腑锛屽皣瑷�(sh猫)瑷堟椿鍕曞垎鐐轰笁绋董搴︼細“瑷�(sh猫)瑷堢殑涓夌ó璧峰瑕佺礌鍦ㄤ簬‘鏈兘鐨�’‘琛岀偤鐨�’浠ュ強‘鍙嶆€濈殑’”锛屼粬寮疯(di脿o)锛屾湰鑳借ō(sh猫)瑷堥棞(gu膩n)娉ㄥ褰�锛涜鐐鸿ō(sh猫)瑷堣垏浣跨敤鐨勬▊瓒ｅ拰鏁堢巼鏈夐棞(gu膩n)锛岃€屽弽鎬濊ō(sh猫)瑷堝墖闇€瑕佽€冩叜鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑鍚堢悊鍖栧拰鐞嗘櫤鍖�^[8]銆傛浉涓墍璎傜殑“鍙嶆€濊ō(sh猫)瑷�”鍗崇偤浜虹殑鏌愮ó鎰熸儏锛屽湪灏嶇敘(ch菐n)鍝佹帴瑙稿拰浣跨敤鐨勯亷绋嬩腑琚枤閱掞紝骞跺悜澶栧欢灞�銆傞€欑ó鎰熸儏鐨勪俊鎭偝閬斿瓨鍦ㄨ憲纰哄畾鎬ц垏涓嶇⒑瀹氭€х殑绲�(t菕ng)涓€锛岄€欎竴鐣岄潰鍙嶆槧钁楄ō(sh猫)瑷堣垏浜虹殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傞€欓噷锛岀瓎鑰呮墍鎸囩殑鎯呮劅鍖栦汉姗熺晫闈㈡湁鍒ヤ簬鏅鸿兘鍖栦汉姗熺晫闈�銆傛櫤鑳藉寲浜烘鐣岄潰鑳界悊瑙ｇ敤鎴剁殑鎯呯窉鍜屾剰鍦�锛屽皪涓嶅悓鐢ㄦ埗銆佷笉鍚岀挵(hu谩n)澧�銆佷笉鍚屼换鍕�(w霉)绲︿簣涓嶅悓鍙嶉鍜屾敮鎸�锛屾槸浜烘浜や簰鐮旂┒涓殑鏂扮啽榛�銆傝€岀瓎鑰呯殑鎯呮劅鍖栦汉姗熺晫闈㈡槸閲嶈鍏跺彲鐢ㄦ€�锛岄噸瑕栧叾鑸囦娇鐢ㄧ挵(hu谩n)澧冩槸鍚﹀拰璜э紝鑸囩敤鎴跺缓绔嬮暦涔呯殑鎰熸儏绱愬付銆傚鏋滄垜鍊戠殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷堜笉鑳界郸鎴戝€戝付渚嗘▊瓒ｅ拰蹇▊锛岃垐濂垏鍠滄倕锛岃嚜璞垏鍙嶅彌锛岀劍鎱拰鐢熸埃锛屽鎬曞拰鎲ゆ€掔瓑澶氭ǎ鎬х殑鎯呮劅锛屾垜鍊戠殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷堝緸鏌愮ó鎰忕京涓婅瑳灏辨槸鐒℃剰缇╃殑銆備竴浠朵綔鍝佷笉鍍呭儏鏄簩缍垨涓夌董鐨勭珛楂旓紝鏇存槸鎯呮劅鑸囨€濈董瑾�(r猫n)璀樼殑婕旇畩銆傜敘(ch菐n)鍝佺晫闈㈢殑鎯呮劅鍖栬ō(sh猫)瑷堝彲浠ョ敤鍓�(chu脿ng)鏂扮殑澶栧舰銆佸ぇ鑶界殑鑹插僵銆侀仼瀹滅殑鏉愭枡銆佺敘(ch菐n)鍝佽獮鎰忕瓑渚嗛珨鐝�(xi脿n)銆傚彟澶栭倓鍙互绲︾敘(ch菐n)鍝佽捣涓€鍊嬩汉鎬у寲鐨勫悕瀛�锛屼簣鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佹儏瓒ｅ寲锛岀郸璁撲汉娴兂鑱�(li谩n)缈�銆�

4 浜烘鐣岄潰瑭辫獮鐨勮獮澧�

瑾炲鏄帹鏂疯┍瑾炲惈缇╃殑闂�(gu膩n)閸靛洜绱�锛岃┍瑾炵敤浜庢瘮杓冪壒娈婄殑瑾炲鏅�锛屾渻琚肠浜堢壒瀹氱殑瑷€澶栦箣鎰忋€備换浣曠敘(ch菐n)鍝佹垨骞抽潰瑕栬鍌抽仈浣滃搧鎴栧鍏�(n猫i)澶栫挵(hu谩n)澧冧綔鍝侀兘涓嶈兘鑴洟鐠�(hu谩n)澧冭€屽瓨鍦�锛屽澧冪殑鐗╃悊姊濅欢鑸囩簿绁炴皼鍦嶆槸涓嶅彲蹇界己鐨勭晫闈㈠洜绱犮€傜挵(hu谩n)澧冪殑鐗╃悊姊濅欢灏嶄汉姗熺郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫伐浣滄晥鑳芥湁寰堝ぇ褰遍熆锛屼汉姗熺郴绲�(t菕ng)灏嶇挵(hu谩n)澧冧篃鏈夊叿楂旇姹傘€傝ō(sh猫)瑷堣€呮噳(y墨ng)瑭茶€冩叜鍒颁粈涔堜綔妤�(y猫)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冩湁鍔╀簬寤虹珛浜烘绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫拰璜ч棞(gu膩n)绯�锛岃€冩叜鍦ㄦ煇绋壒娈婄挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑锛岄渶瑕佷粈涔堟ǎ鐨勮缃繚璀夋搷浣滆€呯殑瀹夊叏銆佸仴搴峰拰楂樻晥宸ヤ綔绛夌瓑銆傚氨姗熻€岃█锛屽嬁搴哥疆鐤戯紝寰堝姗熷櫒灏嶇挵(hu谩n)澧冩湁瑕佹眰锛屽涓嶈兘楂樻韩锛屼笉鑳芥疆婵�锛屼笉鑳芥湁绮夊〉锛岄€欎簺鍥犵礌閮芥渻褰遍熆姗熷櫒鐨勫＝鍛斤紝褰遍熆鍏跺姛鑳界殑鐧�(f膩)鎻�銆傚悓鏅傦紝鍦ㄤ汉姗熺晫闈㈣ō(sh猫)瑷堜腑锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷堝斧涓嶅啀鍍呭儏鍠磾鍦拌┊閲嬩汉姗熶箣闁撶殑淇℃伅杞�(zhu菐n)鎻�锛岃€屾槸鎶婅嚜鎴戠疆韬簬浜烘鐣岄潰鐨勫楂旀儏澧冧腑骞惰Κ鑷劅鍙楅€欏€嬮亷绋�锛屾(g貌u)绛戣捣浣跨敤鑰呯殑蹇冪悊绌哄晱鍜屾兂璞＄┖闁�锛屽舰鎴愪互浜烘鐣岄潰鐐鸿蓟灏勬簮鐨勮獮鍫寸挵(hu谩n)澧冦€備緥濡�锛屼竴鑸湪鎴跺宸ヤ綔鐨勬闆荤敘(ch菐n)鍝�锛屾噳(y墨ng)寮峰寲鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑鑹插僵鑸囦笉鍚屽閮ㄧ挵(hu谩n)澧冭儗鏅殑鑹插僵灏嶆瘮锛屼娇鍏舵洿鍔犲紩浜烘敞鐩�锛岄仈鍒拌绀烘晥鏋�锛屾笡灏戜簨鏁呯殑鐧�(f膩)鐢�銆傚寤虹瓚銆佽静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)銆侀亱杓�銆佸伐绋嬫姊般€佽埅澶╂姊扮瓑锛屽疁閬哥敤鑹烽簵銆佹槑浜殑楂樻槑搴�銆侀珮绱斿害绛夎壊褰�锛屽儚锛氭鑹茬殑鎸栨帢姗�锛屽鍦�4鎵€绀�锛岄粌鑹茬殑鎺ㄥ湡姗熴€佺磪鑹茬殑娑堥槻杌�銆侀妧鐧芥垨閵€鐏扮殑椋涙绛夌瓑銆傝鏇村ソ鍦颁娇鐣岄潰瑷�(sh猫)瑷堟椿鍕曡秴瓒婃泛灞ゆ鐨�“鎰熻”鍙�“鑷櫦(f膩)鐨�”鎰忚瓨锛屽氨闇€浣垮叾鍦ㄧ挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑褰伴’鍏剁壒瀹氬児鍊�銆�

5 绺界祼(ji茅)

浜烘鐣岄潰瑷�(sh猫)瑷堟槸涓€鍊嬬敱璜稿鍥犵礌绲勬垚鐨勯亷绋嬶紝閫欎簺鍥犵礌鐩镐簰褰遍熆锛屼簰鐐鸿鍏呫€傚皣瑭辫獮鍒嗘瀽閫欎竴鏂拌垐鐞嗚珫鑸囦汉姗熺晫闈㈢浉绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛屽彲浠ヤ娇瑷�(sh猫)瑷堝斧浜嗚В瑭辫獮绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岄牁(l菒ng)鏈冧汉姗熺晫闈㈣(gu墨)鍓�锛屾帉鎻＄敘(ch菐n)鍝佽ō(sh猫)瑷堢瓥鐣�锛屾妸鎻″姛鑳姐€佹儏鎰�銆佺挵(hu谩n)澧冪晫闈㈢殑鍗�(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)绲�(t菕ng)涓€銆備汉姗熺晫闈㈣ō(sh猫)瑷堣寤虹珛鍦ㄦ纰恒€佺郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勪簨瀵﹀拰鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓�锛屾竻鏅�銆佹簴(zh菙n)纰哄湴鍌抽仦淇℃伅锛岀啊鏄�銆佹柟渚垮湴瀵︾従(xi脿n)鍔熻兘锛屾槗琚悊瑙ｅ拰鎰熺煡锛岃兘浠ョ悊鏈嶄汉锛屼互鎯呮劅浜�銆傚彧鏈変竴鍊嬫槗瀛�(xu茅)鏄撶敤銆佸瘜鏈夋縺鎯呯殑浜烘鐣岄潰锛屾墠鑳芥彁渚涚郸鐢ㄦ埗鍜岃鐨勬搷浣滈珨椹�锛岃畵鐢ㄦ埗鑳藉鍏ㄨ韩蹇冨湴鎶曞叆鍒版搷浣滄椿鍕曚腑锛岃€屼笉鏈冨彈鍒板鐣岀殑骞叉摼锛屼汉姗熶箣闁撴墠鑳藉鐝�(xi脿n)鏇村ソ鐨勪簰鍕曘€�

鍙冭€冩枃鐛伙細

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瑙ｈ畝浜烘鐣岄潰鐨勮┍瑾炶棟琛�(sh霉)