娌瑰ⅷ鐨勮壊鐩告槸褰遍熆鍗板埛鍝佽唱(zh矛)閲忕殑闂�(gu膩n)閸垫寚妯�(bi膩o)涔嬩竴锛屽洜姝�锛屾补澧ㄧ殑瑾�(di脿o)閰嶅氨鎴愪簡鍗板墠蹇呬笉鍙皯鐨勫伐搴忋€傞厤鑹茬殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊鏄互鑹插僵鍚堟垚鑸囬鑹叉贩鍚堢悊璜栫偤鍩虹(ch菙)锛屼互鑹叉枡瑾�(di脿o)鍜屾柟寮忓緱鍒板悓鑹茬暟璀滆壊鐨勬晥鏋溿€傞毃钁楅浕瀛愯▓绠楁鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞�锛岃▓绠楁鍙互瀛樺劜澶ч噺鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛屽叿鏈夐珮閫熼亱绠楄兘鍔�锛屽€熷姪鑹插害瀛�(xu茅)鐨勭悊璜栬兘灏嶅ぇ閲忕殑娌瑰ⅷ鍩虹(ch菙)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍙婇鑹叉暩(sh霉)鍊奸€茶铏曠悊锛岄€氶亷浜烘灏嶈┍閫茶閰嶈壊锛岄€熷害蹇�銆佺簿搴﹂珮锛屽皣鍏跺紩鍏ュ嵃鍒烽牁(l菒ng)鍩�锛屽彲浣胯壊褰╃鐞嗗拰璩�(zh矛)閲忔娓洿鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ寲銆� 涓€銆佹补澧ㄩ厤鑹叉柟娉� 1.缍�(j墨ng)椹楅厤鑹叉硶 缍�(j墨ng)椹楅厤鑹叉硶鏄寚鍦ㄦ矑鏈夋脯鑹插剙鍣ㄧ殑鎯呮硜涓嬪儏鎲戦厤鑹茶€呯殑缍�(j墨ng)椹楀拰鎰熻閫茶閰嶈壊锛屾棭鏈熸槸浠ラ厤鑹茶€呭緸瀵﹁笎涓⿳绱殑缍�(j墨ng)椹椾綔鐐轰緷鎿�(j霉)锛屼腑銆佸悗鏈熺殑閰嶈壊鏄互10绋熀鏈壊鍦栨垨鍗板埛鑹茶瓬浣滅偤鐩娓壊鐨勫弮鑰冩(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆傜稉(j墨ng)椹楅厤鑹叉硶甯稿父鍙楀埌閰嶈壊鑰呯敓鐞嗐€佸績鐞嗗洜绱犲強鍏朵粬瀹㈣姊濅欢鐨勫奖闊�锛岀敘(ch菐n)鍝佽唱(zh矛)閲忛洠浠ヤ繚鎸佺┅(w臎n)瀹氥€傚彟澶�锛屼緷闈犵稉(j墨ng)椹楀拰鎰熻閰嶈壊锛屽彧鑳藉畾鎬э紝鐒℃硶瀹氶噺锛屾妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勫偝鎾垏浜ゆ祦姣旇純鍥伴洠銆� 2.姗熸閰嶈壊娉� 姗熸閰嶈壊娉曟槸杩戜唬閫愭几闁嬪娴佽鐨勮純鍏堥€茬殑閰嶈壊鏂规硶锛屽湪閰嶈壊鐨勫悇鍊嬬挵(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)锛岄噰鐢ㄤ竴瀹氱殑姗熸銆佸剙鍣ㄤ綔鐐洪厤缃拰娓噺宸ュ叿锛岄€氶亷绻埗鏇茬窔鍦栬〃锛屼綔鐐洪厤鑹茬殑鍙冭€冧緷鎿�(j霉)锛屼娇閰嶈壊宸ヤ綔鍦ㄧ浉灏嶇簿纰虹殑鑼冨湇鍏�(n猫i)閫茶銆傞€欑ó鏂规硶鏀硅畩浜嗕互寰€缍�(j墨ng)椹楅厤鑹茬殑鏌愪簺鐩茬洰鎬э紝浣块厤鑹查€熷害鍙婅唱(zh矛)閲忓潎鏈夋墍鎻愰珮锛屼絾閰嶈壊鐨勭簿搴︿綆銆佽宸ぇ銆� 3.瑷堢畻姗熼厤鑹叉硶 瑷堢畻姗熼厤鑹插湪鍦嬪宸叉湁绱�30骞寸殑姝峰彶锛岀洰鍓嶅凡鍦ㄥ湅鍏�(n猫i)澶栬ū澶氱敤鑹查儴闁€鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆備汉鍊戝埄鐢ㄥ劜瀛樺湪瑷堢畻姗熷収(n猫i)鐨勯鑹叉暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴拰鐩搁棞(gu膩n)閰嶈壊杌熶欢涔嬮枔鐨勮伅(li谩n)鎺ワ紝灏嶆ǎ绋夸笂鐨勯鑹叉暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閫茶鍒嗘瀽铏曠悊锛岄€氶亷瑷堢畻銆佷慨姝�銆佽(di脿o)鑹�锛岄伕鍑洪仼鍚堟ǎ绋胯姹傜殑椤忚壊閰嶆柟锛岄€茶€屽畬鎴愭补澧ㄧ殑鑷嫊閰嶈壊銆傝▓绠楁閰嶈壊瑕佹眰妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鑹叉ǎ鍙婇厤鍑虹殑澧ㄦǎ鐨勯鑹插潎浠ユ暩(sh霉)瀛楄〃绀�锛屼繚璀変簡姣忔閰嶈壊鐨勭簿纰哄害鍜岀当(t菕ng)涓€鎬�锛岃€屼笖澶уぇ绡€(ji茅)鐪佷簡閰嶈壊鏅傞枔锛屾柟渚�銆佸揩鎹�銆佽繀閫熴€佺簿纰烘槸瑷堢畻姗熼厤鑹茬殑鍎�(y艒u)鍕�銆備絾涓嶅悓鐨勪紒妤�(y猫)銆佸叕鍙搁枊鐧�(f膩)鍑轰締鐨勯厤鑹茶粺浠�锛岄兘鏄湪鑰冩叜鍚勮嚜鐨勫闅涚敓鐢�(ch菐n)銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ浠剁殑鍩虹(ch菙)涓婄爺鍒剁殑锛屾矑鏈夌当(t菕ng)涓€鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛岄€欐槸瑷堢畻姗熼厤鑹茬劇娉曟櫘鍙婄殑鍘熷洜涔嬩竴銆� 浜屻€佽▓绠楁閰嶈壊鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曞強鐗归粸 1.瑷堢畻姗熼厤鑹茬殑鐧�(f膩)灞曟儏娉� 鍦ㄥ伐妤�(y猫)鐧�(f膩)閬斿湅瀹�锛岃垏钁楄壊鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勮妤�(y猫)锛屽绱＄箶鍗版煋锛屾煋鏂欍€侀鏂�銆佹秱鏂欏埗閫犳キ(y猫)锛屽鏂欒憲鑹插姞宸ュ強娌瑰ⅷ绛夎妤�(y猫)鏅亶閲囩敤瑷堢畻姗熼厤鑹茬郴绲�(t菕ng)浣滅偤鐢�(ch菐n)鍝侀枊鐧�(f膩)銆佺敓鐢�(ch菐n)銆佽唱(zh矛)閲忔帶鍒跺強閵峰敭鐨勬湁鍔涘伐鍏�锛屾櫘鍙婄巼寰堥珮銆傚锛屽湅澶栫殑鍏夊(xu茅)鍎€鍣ㄥ叕鍙歌繎骞惧勾鐮斿埗闁嬬櫦(f膩)浜嗘牸闈堥仈楹ュ厠璨濇柉娌瑰ⅷ閰嶆柟杌熶欢InkFormulation 4.0锛岃┎杌熶欢鍙偤鑶犲嵃銆佹煍鐗堝嵃鍒�銆佺恫(w菐ng)鐗堝嵃鍒�銆佽吉杞�(zhu菐n)鍑瑰嵃琛屾キ(y猫)閰嶅埗绮剧⒑閰嶆柟锛屽叿鏈夎嚜鍕曠敓鎴愰厤鏂�銆佸閫氶亾瑷堢畻閫熷害蹇殑鐗归粸锛岃兘澶犲揩閫熼厤鍒朵綆鎴愭湰閰嶆柟锛岃粺浠剁獥鍙ｇ晫闈㈠弸濂�锛屼繚璀夐厤鏂圭簿纰哄強涓€娆￠厤鍒剁殑鎴愬姛鐜�銆� 杩�10骞翠締锛屾垜鍦嬮櫢绾�(x霉)寮曢€蹭簡鍚勭ó鍨嬭櫉鐨勯厤鑹茬郴绲�(t菕ng)锛屼絾鍙栧緱椤憲鏁堢泭鐨勪笉澶�銆傚湅澶栫爺鍒剁殑杌熶欢鏄互姝愮編鍔犲伐妤�(y猫)鐨勭壒榛炵偤鍩虹(ch菙)锛岃壊鏂欏搧璩�(zh矛)鐩稿皪绌�(w臎n)瀹�锛涜€屽湅鍏�(n猫i)鍔犲伐妤�(y猫)闆栫劧鏈夎嚜宸辩殑鐗归粸锛屼絾鑹叉枡鍝佽唱(zh矛)鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х浉灏嶅樊涓€浜涳紝鍔犱笂鐩墠鑹叉枡鐨勫搧绋笉鏂锋洿鏂�锛屾柊鍨嬪熀鏉愬ぇ閲忔秾鐝�(xi脿n)锛岃€屽湅鍏�(n猫i)澶栫従(xi脿n)鏈夌殑閰嶈壊绯荤当(t菕ng)灏嶆缂轰箯闈堟椿鐨勮(di脿o)鏁磋兘鍔�锛屽洜姝ら厤鑹茬郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫闅涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ亣鍒颁簡鍥伴洠銆� 娌堥櫧鍖栧伐鐮旂┒闄㈠緸1984骞撮枊濮嬬爺绌堕厤鑹茬郴绲�(t菕ng)锛屽叾涓�锛屾€濈董寮忛厤鑹蹭腑鏂囪粺浠讹紝鏄湅鍏�(n猫i)鏈€鏃╃殑涓枃閰嶈壊杌熶欢銆傞噰鐢ㄨ┎杌熶欢绯荤当(t菕ng)锛岃垏鍦嬬敘(ch菐n)姗熼厤濂楃附鍍规牸鐐烘暣濂楃郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨�1/3锛岃嫢鑸囬€插彛姗熼厤濂�锛岀附鍍规牸鐐洪€插彛鐨�1/2銆傝┎绯荤当(t菕ng)鐝�(xi脿n)宸插湪70澶氬€嬪粻瀹朵娇鐢紝瑕嗚搵浜嗘煋鏂�銆佸嵃鏌�銆佹瘺绱�銆侀嚌绻�銆佹补婕�銆佹补澧�銆佹鑶�銆佸绱欑瓑瑷卞鑸囪憲鑹叉湁闂�(gu膩n)鐨勮妤�(y猫)銆傛澶栵紝瑗垮畨鐞嗗伐澶у(xu茅)鐮斿埗闁嬬櫦(f膩)浜嗛噰鐢ㄥ僵鑹插瘑搴﹁▓鑸囪▓绠楁鑱�(li谩n)姗熺殑瀵嗗害闆昏叇閰嶈壊绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽叿鏈夋帹寤ｆ噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑鏂逛究鎬ц垏寤ｆ硾鎬�銆傚緸鐩墠鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曟厠(t脿i)鍕締鐪嬶紝瑷堢畻姗熼厤鑹插凡缍�(j墨ng)鎴愮偤鏈締娌瑰ⅷ閰嶈壊涓殑涓€鍊嬮噸瑕佺祫鎴愰儴鍒�銆� 2.瑷堢畻姗熼厤鑹茬殑鐗归粸 锛�1锛夊彲浠ユ笡灏戦厤鑹叉檪闁�锛岄檷浣庢垚鏈�锛屾彁楂橀厤鑹叉晥鐜�銆� 锛�2锛夎兘鍦ㄨ純鐭殑鏅傞枔鍏�(n猫i)瑷堢畻鍑轰慨姝ｉ厤鏂�銆� 锛�3锛夊皣浠ュ線鎵€鏈夐厤閬庣殑娌瑰ⅷ椤忚壊瀛樺叆鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�锛岄渶瑕佹檪鍙珛鍗宠(di脿o)鍑轰娇鐢ㄣ€� 锛�4锛夋搷浣滅啊渚�銆� 锛�5锛� 淇壊閰嶆柟鍙婅壊宸殑瑷堢畻鍧囩敱瑷堢畻姗熸暩(sh霉)瀛楅’绀烘垨鎵撳嵃杓稿嚭锛屾渶鍚庣殑閰嶈壊绲�(ji茅)鏋滀篃浠ユ暩(sh霉)瀛楀舰寮忓瓨鍏ヨ鎲堕珨涓�銆� 锛�6锛夊彲浠ラ€ｆ帴鍏朵粬鍔熻兘绯荤当(t菕ng)銆備緥濡傦細鍙互閫ｆ帴绋遍噺绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽皣绋遍噺瑾ゅ樊闄嶅埌鏈€灏�锛涘啀鐝�(xi脿n)鎬ф彁楂�锛岃嫢宸ヨ棟娴佺▼鐐洪€ｇ簩(x霉)寮�锛屽彲鍦ㄥ嵃鍝佷笂瑷�(sh猫)缃嵃鍝佽唱(zh矛)閲忕洠(ji膩n)瑕栫郴绲�(t菕ng)锛岀暥(d膩ng)鏈変换浣曠暟甯告儏娉佺櫦(f膩)鐢熸檪锛屽氨鏈冪珛鍗冲仠姗�锛屾笡灏戜笉蹇呰鐨勬氮璨汇€� 涓�銆佽▓绠楁閰嶈壊鍘熺悊鍙婄郴绲�(t菕ng) 1.Kubelka-Munk鐞嗚珫鍙婂叾灞€闄愭€� K-M鐞嗚珫鏃╁湪1931骞村氨宸叉彁鍑�锛屼絾鏄洿鍒�1958骞存墠闁嬪鎴愬姛鍦扮敤浜庣础绻斿嵃鏌撹妤�(y猫)锛屽嵃鍒疯妤�(y猫)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ┎鐞嗚珫鍓囧浜�20涓栫磤(j矛)70骞翠唬銆傜編鍦�銆佹棩鏈瓑鍦嬪闁嬬櫦(f膩)鐨勮▓绠楁閰嶈壊绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽熀鏈笂浠嶉噰鐢ㄩ€欏€嬬悊璜�銆� 閫氶亷灏岾-M鐞嗚珫鐨勪竴绯诲垪鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)锛岀郸鍑轰簡閬╀簬閰嶈壊瑷堢畻鐨勫嚱鏁�(sh霉)鏈€绨″舰寮忓強鍏跺皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)褰㈠紡锛� K/S=(1-r)2/2r r=K/S+1-[(K/S+1)2-1]1/2 寮忎腑r浠ｈ〃娉㈤暦涓嬬殑鍙嶅皠鐜�锛汯鐐哄惛鏀剁郴鏁�(sh霉)锛屼唬琛ㄥ湪鐒￠檺鍘氱殑骞抽潰浠嬭唱(zh矛)涓�锛屾摯鏁ｇ収鏄庡厜鍏ュ皠鍚�锛屽井鍏冨帤搴︿粙璩�(zh矛)灞ゅ皪鍏夌殑鍚告敹鐜�锛汼鐐烘暎灏勭郴鏁�(sh霉)锛屼唬琛ㄥ井鍏冨帤搴﹀皪鍏夌殑鏁ｅ皠鐜囥€� 鍒扮洰鍓嶇偤姝�锛岃▓绠楁閰嶈壊锛圕CM锛夌殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊浠嶇劧娌跨敤K-M鐞嗚珫銆備緥濡傚厜璀滆瑕哄尮閰嶆柟娉曘€佽▓绠楁鍙嶅皠鍏夎瓬娉曢厤鑹�銆侀浕鑵﹂厤鑹查€艰繎绠楁硶绛夐兘鏄互K-M鐞嗚珫鐐哄熀绀�(ch菙)鐨�銆備絾K-M鐞嗚珫鍦ㄥ闅涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑锛屽叾鐞嗚珫瑷堢畻鑸囧叿楂斿韪愪箣闁撳父鍑虹従(xi脿n)宸暟锛岀┒鍏跺師鍥犲彲姝哥磵鐐哄叐鍊嬪洜绱�銆� 鈶燢-M鐞嗚珫鏈韩鏄湪涓€瀹氱殑鍋囪ō(sh猫)姊濅欢涓嬫帹灏�(d菐o)鐨勩€� 绗竴锛岃ō(sh猫)鑹插堡鍘氬害鐐簒锛屽厜鐓ц惤鍦ㄤ换涓€寰厓灞x鏅�锛屼笉鑰冩叜鐣岄潰寮曡捣鐨勫弽灏�锛屽叾绲�(ji茅)鏋滃繀瀹氬皫(d菐o)鑷存噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ┎鐞嗚珫鐨勮壊灞ゆ槸娴告矑鍦ㄧ浉鍚屾姌灏勬寚鏁�(sh霉)鐨勪粙璩�(zh矛)涓紝閫欑ó鐐轰簡浣垮晱椤岀啊鍖栬€屽拷鐣ョ晫闈笂涓嶅悓鎶樺皠鎸囨暩(sh霉)鐨勭畻娉�锛屽彲鑳介€犳垚瑾ゅ樊銆� 绗簩锛宒x鏄壊灞ゅ帤搴鍏�(n猫i)鐨勪换涓€寰厓灞�锛岄€欐ǎ姹傚嚭鐨勫惛鏀剁郴鏁�(sh霉)鍜屾暎灏勭郴鏁�(sh霉)锛屼娇鐢ㄦ檪琚獚鐐烘暣鍊嬭壊灞ゆ槸鐩稿悓鍧囧嫽鐨�锛屼絾閫欑ó鍋囧畾闆ｄ互鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬娑堝厜鎴栧崐娑堝厜鐨勬补鍖栨潗鏂�銆� 绗笁锛岃壊灞ゅ収(n猫i)鐨勮憲鑹插姂椤嗙矑鏄贩浜傛帓鍒楃殑锛屼娇鑹插堡鍏�(n猫i)鐨勫厜鐓ф垚鐐轰竴绋极鎿存暎褰㈠紡锛岄绮掑畬鍏ㄦ蹈娌掑湪鎿存暎鏁堟噳(y墨ng)涓�锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熶笂涓嬪叐鍊嬮€氶亾銆備絾瀵﹂殯鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑锛岀暥(d膩ng)椤嗙矑瀛樺湪浜庤杽鐗囧舰寮忕殑娌瑰寲钖勮啘涓紝澶у鏁�(sh霉)鍛堟按骞虫柟鍚戞帓鍒楁檪锛屽皣寮曡捣鍏╁€嬮€氶亾鍏夐€氶噺鍋囧畾鐨勭牬澹�銆� 绗洓锛屽湪钖勮壊灞や笂锛屽厜绶氫締涓嶅強鏁ｅ皠灏卞凡缍�(j墨ng)閫插叆鑹插堡鍏�(n猫i)閮�锛屽湪鏆楄壊瑾�(di脿o)铏�锛岀浉鐣�(d膩ng)澶氱殑鍏夌窔鍦ㄦ暎灏勫墠宸茶鍚告敹锛屾墍浠ラ€欎簺閫插叆鑹插堡鐨勫厜鏉熶笉鍛堟摯鏁ｇ媭鎱�(t脿i)锛岃嚧浣垮椹楃祼(ji茅)鏋滃嚭鐝�(xi脿n)杓冨ぇ宸暟銆� 鈶″嵃鍒疯妤�(y猫)鍦ㄦ弿杩版补澧ㄧ枈鍔犳晥鏋滄檪蹇呴爤鑰冩叜鍏夎垏椤忔枡椤嗙矑鐨勭浉浜掍綔鐢ㄥ強娌瑰ⅷ鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆傚湪瀵﹂殯鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑锛屾噳(y墨ng)瑭茶K-M鐞嗚珫涓寘鍚叐鍊嬮洐甯告暩(sh霉)锛屽垎鍒ョ偤鍚告敹绯绘暩(sh霉)K鍜屾暎灏勭郴鏁�(sh霉)S,娌瑰ⅷ灏嶅厜鐨勬暎灏勮兘鍔涜垏鍩鸿唱(zh矛)鐨勬暎灏勮兘鍔涚浉姣斿彲浠ュ拷鐣ワ紝鍥犺€屾补澧ㄧ殑鍛堣壊鍘熺悊涓昏鏄补澧ㄥ皪鍏夌殑閬告搰鎬у惛鏀�锛岃€屾补澧ㄥ皪鍏ュ皠鍏夌殑鍚告敹鑳藉姏鍙楁补澧ㄥ堡鍘氬害鍙婃补澧ㄦ績搴︾殑褰遍熆銆侹-M鐞嗚珫鏄互涓嶉€忔槑浠嬭唱(zh矛)鐐哄墠鎻愭彁鍑轰締鐨勶紝鑰屽嵃鍒蜂腑浣跨敤鐨勬补澧ㄦ槸閫忔槑鎬ф垨鍗婇€忔槑鎬х殑锛屽洜姝わ紝K-M鐞嗚珫鏈夊緢澶т笉瓒�銆� 2.鍒╃敤涓夊埡婵€鍊奸€茶瑷堢畻姗熸补澧ㄩ厤鑹� (1)涓夊埡婵€鍊奸厤鑹� 鐩墠鍦嬪収(n猫i)澶栫殑闆昏叇閰嶈壊绯荤当(t菕ng)鎵€浣跨敤鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)妯″瀷浠/S鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐐轰富娴�锛岄嚌灏岾/S鐨勫眬闄愭€у拰鍗板埛宸ユキ(y猫)鐨勭壒榛�锛屾湰鏂囨彁鍑轰簡鍒╃敤涓夊埡婵€鍊奸€茶閰嶈壊鐨勬柟娉�銆傝┎鏂规硶涓嶄娇鐢↘/S鍊笺€佸弽灏勭巼绛夎〃鑹叉寚妯�(bi膩o)锛屽儏鐢ㄤ笁鍒烘縺鍊间綔鐐鸿〃鑹叉寚妯�(bi膩o)銆� 鍦↘/S鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓婁篃鍙€茶涓夊埡婵€鍊奸厤鑹�锛屼絾闇€瑕佸垎娈靛缓绔婯/S鍊艰垏婵冨害鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�锛岀爺绌朵笁鍒烘縺鍊艰垏婵冨害涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紝鍗充笁鍒烘縺鍊艰垏缍�(w菐ng)榛炵櫨鍒嗘瘮涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傚嵃鍒蜂腑锛岃綁(zhu菐n)鎻涗笁鍒烘縺鍊艰垏缍�(w菐ng)榛炵櫨鍒嗘瘮涔嬮枔鐨勬柟娉曚富瑕佹湁鐢ㄧ磹浠嬪牎鏂圭▼杞�(zhu菐n)鎻�銆佺敤鐭╅櫍璁婂寲鏂规硶杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涘拰閲囩敤鏌ユ壘琛ㄨ綁(zhu菐n)鎻�锛屾湰鏂囬伕鐢ㄨ壊璀滃缓绔嬫煡鎵捐〃閫茶杞�(zhu菐n)鎻�銆� (2)涓夊埡婵€鍊奸厤鑹插師鐞� 鏍规摎(j霉)CIE妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鑹插害瀛�(xu茅)绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屼换浣曡嚜鐒剁晫鐨勯鑹插潎鍙敤鍏夎瓬涓夊埡婵€鍊糥銆乊銆乑渚嗚〃绀�銆傜洰鍓嶅ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)鍏堥€茬殑娓壊鍎€鍣ㄩ兘閬哥敤閫欑ó鑹插害绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽嵆浠讳綍鐗╅珨鐨勯鑹查兘鍙敤涓夊埡婵€鍊糥10銆乊10銆乑10琛ㄧず銆傝▓绠楁閰嶈壊鐨勫師鐞嗕富瑕佹槸鍒╃敤鍚岃壊鐣拌瓬鍘熺悊锛屽嵆濡傛灉鍏╁鑹叉ǎ鐨勪笁鍒烘縺鍊糥10銆乊10銆乑10鍒嗗垾鐩哥瓑锛屽墖浜岃€呯偤鍚岃壊銆� 鐢ㄨ壊璀滃缓绔嬬殑鏌ユ壘琛ㄦ弿杩颁簡涓夊埡婵€鍊艰垏鍚勮壊娌瑰ⅷ缍�(w菐ng)榛炵櫨鍒嗘瘮涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯汇€傝ō(sh猫)鏌愯壊妯ｇ敱涓夌ó娌瑰ⅷa銆乥銆乧鐤婂嵃鑰屾垚锛岄€欎笁绋补澧ㄧ殑缍�(w菐ng)榛炵櫨鍒嗘瘮鍒嗗垾鏄痩銆乵銆乶锛屽墖娌瑰ⅷa銆乥銆乧鐨勯厤姣旀槸l鈭秏鈭秐锛岀櫧澧ㄥ崰(1-l)+(1-m)+(1-n)銆傛閰嶈壊绯荤当(t菕ng)閲囩敤CIE妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍏夋簮D65鐨勫拰10掳瑕栧牬涓嬬殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閫茶瑷堢畻锛屽悓鏅傚埄鐢–IELAB鑹插樊鍏紡锛毼擡ab=[(螖L)2+(螖a)2 +(螖b)2]1/2瑷堢畻妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鑹叉ǎ鑸囬厤鑹叉ǎ涔嬮枔鐨勮壊宸€� 鎴戝€戝彲浠ョ湅鍑�锛岀敤涓夊埡婵€鍊奸€茶瑷堢畻姗熼厤鑹插彲浠ヤ娇寰呴厤鐨勮壊妯ｅ湪鐗瑰畾鍏夋簮涓嬬殑椤忚壊鐢ㄦ暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)琛ㄧず鍑轰締锛岃壊妯ｇ殑涓夊埡婵€鍊煎拰娌瑰ⅷ閰嶆瘮涔嬮枔瀛樺湪灏嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屽彲浠ョ敤鑹插樊妾㈤瑷堢畻鍑洪厤鏂规槸鍚︾鍚堣姹�銆� (3)涓夊埡婵€鍊奸厤鑹叉柟娉� 鎶婅壊璀滃悇鑹插鐨勪笁鍒烘縺鍊煎拰鍚勬补澧ㄧ殑缍�(w菐ng)榛炵櫨鍒嗘瘮杓稿叆瑷堢畻姗燂紝寤虹珛鍩虹(ch菙)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴€傞厤鑹叉檪锛屾妸鐩(bi膩o)鑹叉ǎ鐨勪笁鍒烘縺鍊艰几鍏ュ埌绯荤当(t菕ng)涓�锛岀敱绯荤当(t菕ng)瑷堢畻鍑烘贩鍚堟补澧ㄥ強鍏舵瘮渚�锛屽苟杓稿嚭閰嶆柟闋�(y霉)娓祼(ji茅)鏋溿€傜暥(d膩ng)閰嶈壊绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑澧ㄦǎ骞茬嚗浠ュ悗锛屽啀娓嚭鍏朵笁鍒烘縺鍊硷紝鐢辫▓绠楁鏍规摎(j霉)鑹插樊鍏紡瑷堢畻鍑鸿壊宸�锛屽仛鍑洪€蹭竴姝ヤ慨姝ｇ殑鎸囦护锛屽嵆鍙繀閫熼厤鍒跺嚭杓冮珮璩�(zh矛)閲忕殑鍚岃壊鐣拌瓬鑹�銆� 鍦ㄨ壊褰╁京(f霉)鍒剁殑璩�(zh矛)閲忚姹備笂锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)鍦嬪妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)灏嶅悓鎵瑰僵鑹茶娼㈠嵃鍒峰搧鐨勮壊宸擡*ab鐨勬槑纰鸿姹傦紝鏈枃閬肝擡*ab鈮�3銆� 鑹茶瓬鍖呮嫭浜嗗父瑕嬬殑澶ч儴鍒嗛鑹诧紝灏嶄簬鍦ㄨ壊璀滃収(n猫i)鐨勯鑹�锛屽彲浠ョ洿鎺ユ煡鎵惧緱鍒版补澧ㄧ殑閰嶆瘮锛岃€屼笉鍦ㄨ壊璀滃収(n猫i)鐨勯鑹�锛屽彲浠ラ噰鍙栧厛鍦ㄨ壊璀滃収(n猫i)鎵惧埌鑸囧叾鑹插樊鏈€灏忕殑椤忚壊锛岀劧鍚庨€氶亷绶氭€ф彃鍊兼硶姹傝В銆� 3.瑷堢畻姗熼厤鑹茬郴绲�(t菕ng) 锛�1锛夐厤鑹茬郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫姛鑳� 瑷堢畻姗熼厤鑹茬郴绲�(t菕ng)鏄泦娓壊鍎€銆佽▓绠楁鍙婇厤鑹茶粺浠剁郴绲�(t菕ng)浜庝竴楂旂殑鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ寲瑷�(sh猫)鍌欍€傝▓绠楁閰嶈壊鐨勫熀鏈綔鐢ㄦ槸灏囬厤鑹叉墍鐢ㄦ补澧ㄧ殑椤忚壊鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)闋�(y霉)鍏堝劜瀛樺湪闆昏叇涓�锛岀劧鍚庤▓绠楀嚭鐢ㄩ€欎簺娌瑰ⅷ閰嶅緱妯ｇǹ椤忚壊鐨勬贩鍚堟瘮渚嬶紝浠ラ仈鍒伴爯(y霉)瀹氶厤鏂圭殑鐩殑銆� 锛�2锛夐厤鑹茬郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭祫鎴� 鈶犺▓绠楁閰嶈壊绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭‖浠堕儴鍒� 瑷堢畻姗燂細浣跨敤Windows鎿嶄綔绯荤当(t菕ng)锛岀‖鐩ゅ瓨鍎茬┖闁撹嚦灏�20MB锛涘垎鍏夊瘑搴﹁▓锛涜壊璀�銆� 鈶¤▓绠楁閰嶈壊杌熶欢绯荤当(t菕ng) 杌熶欢涓昏彍鍠細椤ず閰嶈壊绯荤当(t菕ng)杌熶欢涓悇绋嬪簭鐩寗锛屼娇鎿嶄綔鑰呭皪瑭查厤鑹茶粺浠舵湁涓€鍊嬪ぇ姒傜殑瑾嶈瓨锛屼娇鎿嶄綔鑰呮牴鎿�(j霉)鑷繁鐨勭洰鐨勫皪鐩寗涓’绀虹殑绋嬪簭閫茶閬告搰鍜岃(di脿o)鐢�銆� 鍩虹(ch菙)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏂囦欢锛氫娇鐢∕icrosoft鐨凙ccess寤虹珛鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴枃浠讹紝鍖呮嫭闆欒壊濂楀嵃銆佷笁鑹插鍗板拰灏堣壊濂楀嵃3閮ㄥ垎銆傝┎鏂囦欢鍖呮嫭鍩虹(ch菙)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏂囦欢鐨勫缓绔�銆佺鐞�銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)铏曠悊閮ㄥ垎鍙婇厤鏂瑰瓨鍎茬▼搴忋€� 鈶㈤厤鏂硅▓绠楀強淇 瑾�(di脿o)鐢ㄦ绋嬪簭瑷堢畻閰嶈壊妯ｈ垏妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)妯ｄ箣闁撶殑椤忚壊宸暟锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)鑹插樊閬告搰閰嶆柟锛屽苟灏嶉厤鏂归€茶淇銆� 閰嶈壊绯荤当(t菕ng)杌熶欢鍏锋湁杓冨挤鐨勪汉姗熷皪瑭卞姛鑳�锛屾搷浣滆€呭彲浠ユ牴鎿�(j霉)瑷堢畻姗熷睆骞曚笂鐨勬彁绀猴紝杓稿叆鐩告噳(y墨ng)鐨勫弮鏁�(sh霉)鍙婃暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)灏辫兘寰楀埌鎵€闇€瑕佺殑娌瑰ⅷ閰嶆柟銆� 閰嶈壊鏄竴鍊嬫秹鍙婂厜鑹茬悊璜�銆佹补澧�銆佺礄寮�銆佸伐钘濈瓑澶氭柟闈㈢殑寰�(f霉)闆滅殑鎶€琛�(sh霉)宸ョ▼锛屽埄鐢ㄨ壊璀滈€茶涓夊埡婵€鍊奸厤鑹诧紝鍏嬫湇浜咾-M鐞嗚珫鐨勫眬闄愭€�锛岄仼鍚堝嵃鍒疯妤�(y猫)鐨勭壒榛烇紝娓涜紩浜嗛厤鑹蹭汉鍝＄殑璨犳摂(d膩n)锛屾彁楂樹簡鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑椤忚壊璩�(zh矛)閲�銆侀厤鑹查€熷害銆佺簿搴�锛屽鍔犱簡缍�(j墨ng)婵熸晥鐩�銆傞洊鐒堕倓鏈夊緢澶氬緟瀹屽杽鐨勫湴鏂癸紝濡傚湪涓嶅悓鍏夋簮涓嬮€茶涓夊埡婵€鍊奸厤鑹叉墍瑷堢畻鍑虹殑鑹插樊涓嶅悓锛岄厤鑹茬簿搴﹁垏鑹茶瓬鐨勬簴(zh菙n)纰烘€ф湁寰堝ぇ鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯荤瓑銆備絾闅ㄨ憲瑷堢畻姗熺殑涓嶆柗鏇存柊銆佸剙鍣ㄧ殑鏇村姞绮惧瘑銆佸悇绋暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鏂规硶鐨勪笉鏂锋秾鐝�(xi脿n)鍜屾潗鏂欑殑閫愭几瑕�(gu墨)鑼冨寲銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍖�锛岃▓绠楁閰嶈壊蹇呯劧鏈冮’绀虹劇姣旂殑鍎�(y艒u)瓒婃€с€�