鎽� 瑕侊細鍒嗘瀽浜咺Pv4鍜孖Pv6鍏╃ó瀹堕浕灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屼俊鎭闆荤殑鎺у埗妯″紡锛岀爺绌朵簡Web鏈嶅嫏(w霉)涓(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)IPv4/IPv6鍏煎鐨勬柟娉曪紝鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绋(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)淇℃伅瀹堕浕閬�(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒朵腑IPv4/IPv6鍏煎鐨勫叿楂斿(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鏂规銆� 闂�(gu膩n)閸佃锛�IPv4/IPv6; 瀹堕浕鎺у埗; 缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌) 0銆€寮曡█ 銆€銆€闅ㄨ憲鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｄ俊鎭妧琛�(sh霉)鍜屽闆绘帶鍒舵妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勮瀺鍚堣垏鐧�(f膩)灞�锛岀従(xi脿n)浠ｅ搴篃灏囧姞鍏モ€滀俊鎭寲銆佽嚜鍕�(d貌ng)鍖�銆佺恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍖栤€濈殑琛屽垪锛屸€滈€氶亷(gu貌)Internet閬�(yu菐n)绋嬭í鍟�(w猫n)鐢卞鐢ㄩ浕鍣ㄧ祫鎴愮殑灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鈥濆凡鎴愮偤鏈締(l谩i)瀹跺涵鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)閲嶈妯�(bi膩o)蹇�锛岄€氶亷(gu貌)Web鐎忚鍣ㄥ(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)閬�(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒跺闆婚亱(y霉n)琛屽拰鏌ョ湅瀹堕浕閬�(y霉n)琛岀媭鎱�(t脿i)鐨勫姛鑳戒篃鏄闆绘帶鍒剁櫦(f膩)灞曠殑涓€鍊�(g猫)鏂瑰悜銆備絾鏄�锛岀従(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄧ殑IPv4锛岀劇(w煤)璜栧緸瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)鏈韩鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞�锛岄倓鏄緸Internet鐨勮(gu墨)妯″拰缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍌宠几閫熺巼銆佹湇鍕�(w霉)璩�(zh矛)閲忥紙Qos锛�銆佸偝杓稿畨鍏ㄦ€х瓑鏂归潰渚�(l谩i)鐪�锛岄兘宸茬稉(j墨ng)寰堜笉閬╃敤浜�锛屽叾涓昏鐨勫晱(w猫n)椤屾槸锛氫竴銆�32bit鐨処P鍦板潃寰堝揩灏辫鑰楃洝锛孭DA銆佺劇(w煤)绶氳ō(sh猫)鍌�銆�3G绉诲嫊(d貌ng)闆昏┍绛夋柊鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛屼娇IP鍦板潃鐭己鐨勭煕鐩炬洿鍔犳縺鍖栵紝鐢氳嚦姹借粖銆佸啺绠遍兘闇€瑕佷竴鍊�(g猫)鍏ㄧ悆鍠挱鍦板潃閫ｅ埌Internet涓幓锛孖Pv4鐨勫湴鍧€绌洪枔婊胯冻涓嶄簡閫欎簺闇€姹�;浜�銆佺恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勬湇鍕�(w霉)璩�(zh矛)閲忥紙Qos锛夊拰瀹夊叏鎬ч洠浠ユ豢瓒崇敤鎴朵笉鏂峰闀�(zh菐ng)鐨勯渶姹傘€� 銆€銆€IPv6鏄湪1999骞村畬鎴怚ETF瑕佹眰鐨勫崝(xi茅)璀板瀹氬拰娓�(c猫)瑭︾殑涓嬩竴浠nternet鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛屽畠淇濈暀浜咺Pv4瑷卞璩翠互鎴愬姛鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)鍏峰倷浠ヤ笅鏂扮壒鎬э細涓€銆佸叏鏂扮殑鍫�(b脿o)鏂囩祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽牨(b脿o)鏂囬牠鍖呮嫭鍥哄畾闋儴鍜屾摯(ku貌)灞曢牠閮�锛屼娇璺敱鍣ㄥ湪铏曠悊鍗�(xi茅)璀伴牠鏅�(sh铆)鏁堢巼鏇撮珮銆備簩銆佸法澶х殑鍦板潃绌洪枔锛�128bit鐨処P鍦板潃鑳戒娇涓栫晫涓婃瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)浜烘搧鏈�5.7脳1028鍊�(g猫)IPv6鍦板潃锛屽苟涓斿湴鍧€閰嶇疆鏇村姞绨�(ji菐n)鍖�銆備笁銆佸皪(du矛)Qos鏇村ソ鐨勬敮鎸侊紝IPv6鐨勫寘闋腑鏈夋祦妯�(bi膩o)绨藉瓧娈�锛屼娇璺敱鍣ㄥ彲浠ヤ笉鎵撻枊鍌抽€佺殑鍏�(n猫i)灞ゆ暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍖呭氨鍙互璀�(sh铆)鍒ユ祦銆傚洓銆佸畨鍏ㄦ€уソ锛屽彟澶�锛孖Pv6閭勬敮鎸両PSec锛屽叿鏈夐劙灞呯櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍗�(xi茅)璀扮瓑銆� 銆€銆€鍦ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)浠婂悗鐨勪竴娈电櫦(f膩)灞曟檪(sh铆)闁撲腑锛孖Pv4灏囬€愭琚獻Pv6鎵€鍙栦唬锛屼絾妲�(g貌u)寤哄湪IPv4鎴朓Pv6鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍩虹(ch菙)涔嬩笂鐨勪俊鎭闆讳粛灏囧叡瀛�銆傚湪淇℃伅瀹堕浕鐨勯仩(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)涓�锛屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)IPv4/IPv6鐨勭劇(w煤)绺亷(gu貌)娓″拰鍏煎涔熷皣鏄竴鍊�(g猫)鐔遍杸鐮旂┒瑾查銆傜敱浜庡湪淇℃伅瀹堕浕鐨勯仩(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)涓竴鑸兘鏈変竴鍊�(g猫)淇℃伅瀹堕浕鎺у埗涓績閫�(j矛n)琛屽闆诲眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鐨勭祫绻斿拰绠＄悊鍔熻兘锛岃€屼笖鏄€氶亷(gu貌)瀹㈡埗绔疻eb鐎忚鍣ㄩ仩(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒跺闆荤殑閬�(y霉n)琛屽拰鏌ョ湅瀹堕浕閬�(y霉n)琛岀殑鐙€鎱�(t脿i)銆傛湰鏂囧湪姝ゅ熀绀�(ch菙)涓�锛屽垎鏋愪簡IPv4/IPv6鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇灏�(du矛)鍩熷悕瑙ｆ瀽鍦板潃鏍煎紡铏曠悊鏂规硶鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓�锛屾彁鍑哄苟瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗕竴绋€氶亷(gu貌)鍚堝苟淇℃伅瀹堕浕鎺у埗涓績锛屽苟澧炲姞闆欏崝(xi茅)璀版＇鍜屼唬鐞嗙瓑鍔熻兘瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)淇℃伅瀹堕浕閬�(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒剁殑IPv4/IPv6鍏煎鐨勬柟娉�銆� 1 淇℃伅瀹堕浕閬�(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勪腑鐢↖Pv4鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鑸嘔PV6閫�(j矛n)绋嬬殑閫氫俊鏂规硶 銆€銆€1.1 淇℃伅瀹堕浕閬�(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) [align=center] 鍦�1淇℃伅瀹堕浕閬�(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绀烘剰鍦朳/align] 銆€銆€鍦�1鏄俊鎭闆婚仩(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绀烘剰鍦�锛屽叾涓笂鍗婇儴鍒嗗垎鍒ユ槸IPv4淇℃伅瀹堕浕閬�(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜孖Pv6淇℃伅瀹堕浕閬�(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼笅鍗婇儴鍒嗘槸鍏╄€呭吋瀹圭郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆傚湪IPv4鍜孖Pv6淇℃伅瀹堕浕閬�(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)涓俊鎭闆婚€氶亷(gu貌)鐒�(w煤)绶氱恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鎺ュ叆榛�(di菐n)绲勬垚瀹堕浕灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)锛屽苟鎺ュ叆Internet锛岃€屸€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濆叿鏈変腑蹇冩帶鍒跺湴浣�銆� 銆€銆€鍦↖Pv4鐨勫闆诲眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)涓紝鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濆(sh铆)璩�(zh矛)涓婃槸涓€鍊�(g猫)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ恫(w菐ng)闂�(gu膩n)锛屽叾鍔熻兘鏄祫绻斿闆诲眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)銆侀€�(j矛n)琛屾暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏍煎紡鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)鎻涖€佺鐞嗙敤鎴跺拰瀹堕浕绛�锛屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)淇℃伅瀹堕浕閫氶亷(gu貌)涓€鍊�(g猫)鍏湁IP鍦板潃鎺ュ叆Internet锛屽苟閰嶇疆鏈塛WW鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣�銆丼endmail鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣�銆侀槻鐏⒒绛�銆傚叾涓�锛學WW鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣ㄤ腑鏈夎í鍟�(w猫n)鍚勫€�(g猫)瀹堕浕鐨刉eb闋�(y猫)锛屽彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄦ埗閫氶亷(gu貌)Web鐎忚鍣ㄩ仩(yu菐n)绋嬭í鍟�(w猫n)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ恫(w菐ng)闂�(gu膩n)锛屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)灏�(du矛)瀹堕浕鐨勯仩(yu菐n)绋嬬洠(ji膩n)鎺�銆� 銆€銆€鍦↖Pv6鐨勫闆诲眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)涓紝鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濊垏缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)瀹堕浕鍏锋湁鍚岀瓑鐨勫湴浣�锛屽叾鍔熻兘鏄皪(du矛)瀹堕浕灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鐨勭敤鎴跺拰缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)瀹堕浕鐨勫湴鍧€閫�(j矛n)琛岀鐞嗭紝鍚屾檪(sh铆)灏�(du矛)瀹堕浕鐨勯浕婧愰枊鍟熼€�(j矛n)琛岀鐞�锛屼篃鍙互灏囧畠鐪嬫垚鏄竴鍊�(g猫)鍏锋湁缍�(w菐ng)绠″姛鑳界殑缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)瀹堕浕銆傜祼(ji茅)鍚圛Pv6鍗�(xi茅)璀板拰缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)瀹堕浕鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛岃€冩叜鍒板祵鍏ュ紡绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫姛鑳戒笉鏂峰寮�(qi谩ng)锛岃檿鐞嗚兘鍔涘拰瀛樺劜(ch菙)瀹归噺涔熸湁浜嗗緢澶х殑鎻愰珮锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)锛屼篃鐐轰簡浣垮搴恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐢ㄦ埗浣跨敤淇℃伅瀹堕浕鐨勬洿鏂逛究鍜屾洿瀵�(sh铆)鐢�锛屽湪淇℃伅瀹堕浕鐨勫祵鍏ュ紡鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)涓洿鎺ラ厤缃甒WW鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣ㄣ€丼endmail鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣�銆侀槻鐏⒒绛夌恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鏈嶅嫏(w霉)銆傚叾涓紝WWW鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣ㄤ腑鍖呭惈鏈夊闆昏嚜韬鐞嗗拰鎺у埗鐨刉eb闋�(y猫)锛屼娇鐢ㄦ埗鍙互閫氶亷(gu貌)Web鐎忚鍣ㄥ(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)灏�(du矛)瀹堕浕鐨勯仩(yu菐n)绋嬬洠(ji膩n)鎺э紝骞惰兘闅ㄦ檪(sh铆)鑸囧粻瀹朵簰鍕�(d貌ng)銆� 銆€銆€鍦ㄥ叐绋俊鎭闆婚兘鏈夌殑鍏煎绯荤当(t菕ng)涓�锛屸€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濆叿鏈塈Pv4瀹堕浕灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鍜孖Pv6瀹堕浕灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濈殑闆欓噸鍔熻兘锛屽苟鍏锋湁IPv4/IPv6闆欏崝(xi茅)璀版＇鍜孖Pv4/IPv6鍦板潃璀�(sh铆)鍒ュ姛鑳�锛岃兘鏍规摎(j霉)鐢ㄦ埗瑷晱(w猫n)鐨勭洰鐨処P鍦板潃鑷嫊(d貌ng)瑾�(di脿o)鐢↖Pv4鎴朓Pv6鐨勫崝(xi茅)璀版＇鍜屼俊鎭闆绘帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)銆傚湪姝ゅ闆诲眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)涓紝IPv4銆両Pv6鐨勪俊鎭闆昏垏鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濈殑闂�(gu膩n)绯诲拰鐛�(d煤)绔嬬殑IPv4銆両Pv6瀹堕浕灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)涓殑闂�(gu膩n)绯绘槸涓€鑷寸殑锛屽柈鐛�(d煤)渚�(l谩i)鐪嬶紝娌�(m茅i)鏈夋敼璁�?c猫)鐡�?l谩i)IPv4銆両Pv6瀹堕浕灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆� 銆€銆€1.2 IPv4鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇鑸嘔PV6鐨刉eb鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣ㄩ€氫俊鐨勫師鐞嗗拰鏂规硶 銆€銆€IPv4鐨刉eb鐎忚鍣ㄧ劇(w煤)娉曡í鍟�(w猫n)鍩轰簬IPv6鐨勭恫(w菐ng)闋�(y猫)鏄洜?y脿n)闀甈v4鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ▼搴忛兘浣跨敤struct sockaddr_in绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)楂斿瓨鍎�(ch菙)鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣ㄧ殑IPv4鍦板潃锛�32浣嶏級锛屽湪瑾�(di脿o)鐢╟onnect鍑芥暩(sh霉)鎴栬€卻endto鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬檪(sh铆)鍊�锛屽鏋滄寚瀹氫簡涓€鍊�(g猫)IPv6鍦板潃锛岃€岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)楂斾腑in_addr鍍呭儏鏈�4鍊�(g猫)瀛楃瘈(ji茅)锛岀劇(w煤)娉曞绱岻Pv6鐨�128浣嶅湴鍧€锛屾墍浠ヤ笉鍙兘閫氶亷(gu貌)瀹㈡埗绔疘Pv4鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇鑸嘔Pv6鏈嶅嫏(w霉)閫�(j矛n)绋嬮€氫俊銆傚鏋滃湪IPv4鐨刉eb鐎忚鍣ㄤ腑瑷�(sh猫)缃唬鐞嗙鍙ｏ紝鐩哥暥(d膩ng)浜庡湪鐎忚鍣ㄥ拰Internet涔嬮枔澧炲姞浜嗕竴灞よ綁(zhu菐n)鐧�(f膩)姗�(j墨)鍒�锛屼唬鐞嗕竴鏂归潰鎴愮偤浜嗙€忚鍣ㄧ櫦(f膩)鍑鸿珛(q菒ng)姹傜殑鈥滄湇鍕�(w霉)鍣ㄢ€濈锛屽彟涓€鏂归潰鍙堜綔鐐哄鎴剁鍚戦仩(yu菐n)绔殑鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣ㄨ綁(zhu菐n)鐧�(f膩)璜�(q菒ng)姹�锛屾棦浠ｇ悊鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣ㄤ竴鏂归潰瑕佹帴鍙椾締(l谩i)鑷€忚鍣ㄧ殑TCP閫ｆ帴璜�(q菒ng)姹傦紝鍙︿竴鏂归潰鍙堝繀闋堣兘澶犲悜Web鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣ㄧ櫦(f膩)鍑篢CP閫ｆ帴璜�(q菒ng)姹�銆� 銆€銆€闆栫劧IPv4鐨刉eb鐎忚鍣ㄧ劇(w煤)娉曡í鍟�(w猫n)鍩轰簬IPv6鐨勭恫(w菐ng)闋�(y猫)锛屼絾鏄€忚鍣ㄥ湪浣跨敤socket鍑芥暩(sh霉)寤虹珛鏈湴濂楁帴鍙ｆ檪(sh铆)锛岄兘浣跨敤AF_INET鍙冩暩(sh霉)鎸囧畾浣跨敤鏈湴IPv4鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇锛屽鏋滃湪鍏锋湁IPv4/IPv6闆欏崝(xi茅)璀版＇鐨勪富姗�(j墨)涓�锛屼娇鐢╯ocket鍑芥暩(sh霉)寤虹珛鏈湴鎺ュ彛鐨勬檪(sh铆)锛岃兘澶犱娇鐢ˋF_INET6妯�(bi膩o)蹇楁寚瀹氫娇鐢↖PV6鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇锛屽墖閫氶亷(gu貌)閫欏€�(g猫)鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇灏卞彲浠ュ(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鑸嘔PV6鏈嶅嫏(w霉)閫�(j矛n)绋嬬殑閫氫俊銆備竴鏃onnect鍑芥暩(sh霉)寤虹珛閫ｆ帴鍚�锛岀恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)閫氫俊閮界啊(ji菐n)鍖栨垚浜嗘枃浠剁殑璁€瀵搷浣滐紝姝ゆ檪(sh铆)鑸囧叿楂旂殑鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇鍜孖P鍦板潃閮芥矑(m茅i)鏈夐棞(gu膩n)绯�銆備絾鏄従(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄧ殑瀹㈡埗绔熀鏈笂閮芥槸IPv4鐨勫柈鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇锛岃€屼笖鏀瑰鐎忚鍣ㄦ湰韬殑浠ｇ⒓鏄笉鐝�(xi脿n)瀵�(sh铆)鐨�銆� 銆€銆€閫欐ǎ锛屽彲浠ュ湪鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濆鍔犱竴闋�(xi脿ng)鈥淚Pv4/IPv6闆欏崝(xi茅)璀版＇鐨勪唬鐞嗘湇鍕�(w霉)鈥濆姛鑳�锛岀€忚鍣ㄩ€氶亷(gu貌)浠ｇ悊绔彛鐨勮ō(sh猫)缃紝灏囪珛(q菒ng)姹備氦绲︹€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濊檿鐞�锛岄€氶亷(gu貌)绶ㄧ▼铏曠悊璁撯€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濇牴鎿�(j霉)瀹㈡埗绔珛(q菒ng)姹傜殑鐩殑鍦板潃鐨勪笉鍚岃(di脿o)鐢ㄧ郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨処Pv4鎴朓PV6鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇锛屽垎鍒ュ(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)瀹㈡埗绔垏IPv4鎴朓PV6閫�(j矛n)绋嬬殑閫氫俊銆� 2 淇℃伅瀹堕浕閬�(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒朵腑IPv4/IPv6鍏煎鐨勫(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n) 銆€銆€2.1 淇℃伅瀹堕浕鎺у埗涓績涓唬鐞嗗姛鑳界殑瑷�(sh猫)缃拰鐎忚鍣ㄧ殑閬告搰 銆€銆€鍦ㄥ熀浜嶪Pv4鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勫闆婚仩(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)涓�锛屼竴鑸闆荤敤鎴跺彲浠ョ洿鎺ヨ几鍏モ€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濈殑IP鍦板潃锛岀洿鎺ヨí鍟�(w猫n)鍒颁俊鎭闆诲強鍏舵帶鍒�/鐙€鎱�(t脿i)闋�(y猫)闈�銆備絾鍦ㄥ熀浜嶪Pv6鐨勪俊鎭闆讳腑锛屾瘡鍊�(g猫)瀹堕浕閮藉彲鍏锋湁鑷繁鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)鎴栧鍊�(g猫)IP鍦板潃锛岀暥(d膩ng)鐒朵篃鍙互鍏锋湁鍩熷悕銆傞€欐ǎ锛屽湪鑰冩叜淇℃伅瀹堕浕閬�(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒禝Pv4/IPv6鍏煎鍟�(w猫n)椤屾檪(sh铆)锛屼笉浣嗚鑰冩叜鐢ㄦ埗鐨刄RL璜�(q菒ng)姹傜洿鎺ユ槸IP鍦板潃锛岄倓瑕佽€冩叜鐢ㄦ埗灏�(du矛)淇℃伅瀹堕浕鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑鍩熷悕銆傚洜姝�锛屽湪鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濅腑棣栧厛瑕佹坊鍔營Pv4/IPv6闆欏崝(xi茅)璀版＇锛屽苟浣夸箣鎴愮偤Web浠ｇ悊鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣�锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)涔熻鍏锋湁璜�(q菒ng)姹傚煙鍚嶈В鏋愮殑鍔熻兘锛屾渶鍚�锛屽垽鏂峰湴鍧€鐨勬牸寮忥紝鏍规摎(j霉)涓嶅悓鍗�(xi茅)璀板湴鍧€瑾�(di脿o)鐢ㄥ皪(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫崝(xi茅)璀版＇銆� 銆€銆€缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)涓鎴剁Web鐎忚鍣ㄧ殑浠ｇ悊绔彛瑷�(sh猫)缃偤鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濈殑灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)绔彛锛岀€忚鍣ㄥ皣URL涓几鍏ョ殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛氦绲︹€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濊檿鐞�锛岀稉(j墨ng)閬�(gu貌)鍩熷悕瑙ｆ瀽锛屽鏋滄槸IPv4鍦板潃锛屽墖鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濈殑浠ｇ悊涓嶉€�(j矛n)琛岃檿鐞嗭紝鎸夌収鍘熶締(l谩i)鐨勬ā寮忕櫦(f膩)閫佽珛(q菒ng)姹�;濡傛灉鏄疘Pv6鐨勫湴鍧€锛屽墖鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濈殑浠ｇ悊灏囪珛(q菒ng)姹備氦绲Pv6铏曠悊妯″锛岃(di脿o)鐢ㄧ郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨処PV6鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇锛屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鑸嘔PV6鐨勯€氫俊銆傚湒2鏄€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濆皪(du矛)IPv4瀹㈡埗绔殑URL铏曠悊娴佺▼鍦�銆� [align=center] 鍦�2 瀹堕浕鎺у埗涓績灏�(du矛)URL鐨勮檿鐞嗘祦绋嬪湒[/align] 銆€銆€2.2 鐎忚鍣ㄧ殑閬告搰鍜屽URL鍚屾檪(sh铆)璜�(q菒ng)姹傜殑瑙ｆ焙鏂规 銆€銆€鍦ㄥ鎴剁閬告搰浣跨敤Netscape鐎忚鍣�锛屽洜?y脿n)妯佃皶銊焇(gu貌)鎵嬪嫊(d貌ng)瑷�(sh猫)缃唬鐞嗚伅(li谩n)鍏nternet 鐨勬檪(sh铆)锛孖E瑕佸皪(du矛)鍏禪RL涓几鍏ョ殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹归€�(j矛n)琛岃獮(y菙)娉曟鏌�锛岃€孨etscape鍓囧畬鍏ㄤ笉浣滀换浣曟鏌ワ紝鎶婂緸鍩熷悕瑙ｆ瀽鍒版暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)杞�(zhu菐n)鐧�(f膩)鐨勪换鍕�(w霉)閮戒氦绲︹€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€�锛岄€欐ǎ鐒�(w煤)璜栧湪URL涓几鍏ョ殑鏄煙鍚嶉倓鏄疘Pv4鎴朓Pv6鍦板潃锛孨etscape閮芥渻(hu矛)涓嶅姞浠讳綍妾㈡煡鍦伴€佸叆鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濓紝鎵€浠�锛屽鎴剁Web鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐨勬帴鍏ュ拰鐎忚宸ュ叿閬告搰Netscape銆� 銆€銆€鐢变簬鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濊灏�(du矛)涓€鍊�(g猫)鐎忚鍣ㄧ殑澶氬€�(g猫)璜�(q菒ng)姹傛垨鑰呭鍊�(g猫)鐎忚鍣ㄧ殑澶氬€�(g猫)璜�(q菒ng)姹傚悓鏅�(sh铆)浣滃嚭鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽湪鍏烽珨瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鏅�(sh铆)锛屼娇鐢ㄢ€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濈殑daemon鍋佃伣(t墨ng)绔彛锛屼娇鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濋亣鍒拌珛(q菒ng)姹傚氨鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷瓙閫�(j矛n)绋嬮€�(j矛n)琛岃檿鐞嗭紝鍗抽€氶亷(gu貌)socket鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍓�(chu脿ng)寤虹洠(ji膩n)鑱�(t墨ng)濂楁帴瀛條istenfd锛屽苟瑾�(di脿o)鐢╞ind鍜宭isten鍑芥暩(sh霉)灏囧叾璁婃垚涓€鍊�(g猫)鐩�(ji膩n)鑱�(t墨ng)濂楁帴鍙�锛屼娇绯荤当(t菕ng)鍏�(n猫i)鏍告帴鏀朵締(l谩i)鑷鎴剁殑閫ｆ帴璜�(q菒ng)姹�?锛佸嚬璇戝◢鍒傛郸琛屾懝闂瓄(di脿o)鐢╝ccept鍑芥暩(sh霉)绛夊緟瀹㈡埗绔殑閫ｆ帴銆傜暥(d膩ng)瀹㈡埗绔疻eb鐎忚鍣ㄧ櫦(f膩)璧风殑TCP閫ｆ帴璜�(q菒ng)姹傝綁(zhu菐n)鐧�(f膩)鍒扳€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濊檿鐞嗘檪(sh铆)锛孴CP浣跨敤涓夋鎻℃墜寤虹珛閫ｆ帴锛岀暥(d膩ng)鎻℃墜瀹岀暍鏅�(sh铆)锛宎ccept鍑芥暩(sh霉)杩斿洖锛屽叾杩斿洖鍊兼槸涓€鍊�(g猫)绋辩偤宸查€ｆ帴鎻忚堪瀛楋紙connetcted descrIPtor锛夌殑鏂版弿杩板瓧connfd?锛佸嚬璇戝◢鍒傛郸琛屾懝搴囪儝ork鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐐洪€欏€�(g猫)鎻忚堪瀛楅枊鍟熶竴鍊�(g猫)瀛愰€�(j矛n)绋�锛屽苟鐢ㄦ瀛愰€�(j矛n)绋嬭檿鐞嗛€ｆ帴鍜岄€氫俊锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)鐖堕€�(j矛n)绋嬩粛淇濇寔鐩�(ji膩n)鑱�(t墨ng)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)銆� 銆€銆€鍙﹀锛屽湪瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濈殑IPv4/IPv6闆欏崝(xi茅)璀版＇浠ｇ悊鍔熻兘鏅�(sh铆)锛屽湪铏曠悊鐩�(ji膩n)鑱�(t墨ng)濂楁帴鍙ｇ殑鍚屾檪(sh铆)锛屽張瑕佽檿鐞嗗凡閫ｆ帴濂楁帴鍙ｏ紝閭勮铏曠悊澶氬€�(g猫)鎻忚堪瀛�锛屽湪瑙ｆ焙閫欏€�(g猫)鍟�(w猫n)椤屾檪(sh铆)鐢ㄥ埌浜咺/O寰�(f霉)鐢ㄦ妧琛�(sh霉)銆傚湪I/O寰�(f霉)鐢ㄤ腑锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)闃诲浜巗elect 瑾�(di脿o)鐢�锛岀瓑寰呮暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍫�(b脿o)濂楁帴鍙ｅ彲璁€锛岀暥(d膩ng)select杩斿洖濂楁帴鍙ｅ彲璁€鏅�(sh铆)锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)瑾�(di脿o)鐢╮eadline鍑芥暩(sh霉)灏囨暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍫�(b脿o)璁€鍒扮珐娌栧崁(q奴)涓€傚湪閫ｆ帴寤虹珛鍜屽偝杓搁亷(gu貌)绋嬩腑锛屸€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濈偤姣忎竴骞呭湒鐗囧拰姣忎竴鍊�(g猫)鏂囨湰鏂囦欢寤虹珛涓€鍊�(g猫)鎻忚堪瀛楋紝鍥犳锛屽湪select鐨勫弮鏁�(sh霉)瑷�(sh猫)缃腑瑕佷繚璀夋瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)鎻忚堪瀛楅兘鏄彲璁€鍙栫殑銆� 3 娓�(c猫)瑭﹀拰绲�(ji茅)璜� 銆€銆€鍦ㄦ脯(c猫)瑭︾挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑锛屽闆诲眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鐢扁€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濄€佸熀浜嶪Pv4鐨勪俊鎭闆诲拰鍩轰簬IPv6鐨勪俊鎭闆�銆傗€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濋櫎鍏锋湁鐢ㄦ埗绠＄悊銆佸闆荤鐞嗐€佷俊鎭牸寮忚綁(zhu菐n)鎻涚瓑妯″澶�锛屽叿鏈塈Pv4/IPv6闆欏崝(xi茅)璀版＇銆乄eb浠ｇ悊鏈嶅嫏(w霉)銆佸煙鍚嶈В鏋�銆両Pv4/IPv6鍦板潃璀�(sh铆)鍒ョ瓑鍔熻兘?锛涱媱璐桺v4鐨勪俊鎭闆诲拰鍩轰簬IPv6鐨勪俊鎭闆婚兘鍏锋湁Web鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐨勫姛鑳斤紝骞舵湁灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬帶鍒�/鐙€鎱�(t脿i)闋�(y猫)闈�?锛熻浕鑸虫摓?j矛)绠楁(j墨)鏄疘Pv4鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇锛學eb鐎忚鍣ㄤ娇鐢∟etscape锛屽苟灏囦唬鐞嗚ō(sh猫)缃偤鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€�銆傜敱浜庝娇鐢∟etscape浣滅偤Web鐎忚鍣�锛屾搷浣滅郴绲�(t菕ng)鍧囬伕鐢ㄤ簡Linux銆傚湪娓�(c猫)瑭︿腑锛岄€氶亷(gu貌)瀹㈡埗绔(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗗皪(du矛)鍏╅瀹堕浕鐨勮í鍟�(w猫n)鍜屾帶鍒�銆� 銆€銆€鏈枃浣滆€呭壍(chu脿ng)鏂伴粸(di菐n)鏄埄鐢ㄤ俊鎭闆诲眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)涓殑鈥滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€�锛屽湪涓嶆敼璁婂闆荤恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬儏娉佷笅锛岄嚌灏�(du矛)淇℃伅瀹堕浕閬�(yu菐n)绋嬫帶鍒舵彁鍑哄苟瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜咺Pv4/IPv6鍏煎鐨勪竴绋柟娉�锛屼娇鍩轰簬IPv4鐨勪俊鎭闆诲拰鍩轰簬IPv6鐨勪俊鎭闆婚€氶亷(gu貌)鍏锋湁IPv4/IPv6闆欏崝(xi茅)璀版＇銆佸煙鍚嶈В鏋愩€佸湴鍧€鐨勮瓨(sh铆)鍒ュ拰涓嶅悓鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇瑾�(di脿o)鐢ㄧ瓑鍔熻兘鐨勨€滃闆绘帶鍒朵腑蹇冣€濊瀺鍚堝湪浜嗗悓涓€鍊�(g猫)灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)涓�锛屽緸鑰屾柟渚夸簡鐢ㄦ埗鐨勪娇鐢ㄥ拰寤犲鐨勯枊鐧�(f膩)鍙婄董璀�(h霉)銆� 鍙冭€冩枃鐛�(xi脿n)锛� 銆€銆€[1]銆€Douglas E.Comer. Internet working with TCP/IP [M]. USA:Preatice-hall,1995 銆€銆€[2] Gillign R,Nordmark E;RFC1993:Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers;1996-04 銆€銆€[3]銆€Berners-Lee T,Fielding R,Masinter L; RFC2396:Uniform Resource Identifiers;Generic syntax;1998-08 銆€銆€[4] Deering S,Hinden R; RFC2460:Internet Protocol,Version 6 Specification.1995-12 銆€銆€[5] Hinden R,Carpenter B,Masinter L; RFC2732:Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL鈥檚;1999-12 銆€銆€[6] 鍛ㄧ磪娉�;鍩轰簬Linux鐨勬簮浠ｇ⒓闁嬫斁鐎忚鍣� [J] ;寰▓(j矛)绠楁(j墨)淇℃伅锛�2002锛�5锛�锛�48锝�49