鍓嶈█锛� 鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鏄暥(d膩ng)鍓嶅湅闅涗笂鍌欏彈闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄧ殑鐢卞瀛�(xu茅)绉戜氦鍙夌殑鏂拌垐鍓嶆部鐮旂┒鐔遍粸(di菐n)闋�(l菒ng)鍩熴€傚偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)缍滃悎鍌虫劅鍣ㄦ妧琛�(sh霉)銆佸祵鍏ュ紡瑷�(j矛)绠楁妧琛�(sh霉)銆佺劇绶氱恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)閫氫俊鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆佸垎甯冨紡淇℃伅铏曠悊鎶€琛�(sh霉)浠ュ強寰(j墨)闆绘妧琛�(sh霉)绛�锛岃兘澶犻€氶亷鍚勯闆嗘垚鍖栫殑寰瀷鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ崝(xi茅)浣滃湴瀵�(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)鐩�(ji膩n)娓�(c猫)銆佹劅鐭ュ拰閲囬泦鍚勭ó鐠�(hu谩n)澧冩垨鐩�(ji膩n)娓�(c猫)灏�(du矛)璞＄殑淇℃伅锛岄€氶亷宓屽叆寮忕郴绲�(t菕ng)灏�(du矛)淇℃伅閫�(j矛n)琛岃檿鐞�锛屽苟閫氶亷闅ㄦ(j墨)鑷祫绻旂劇绶氶€氫俊缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)浠ュ璺充腑绻兼柟寮忓皣淇℃伅鍌抽€佸埌绲傜鐢ㄦ埗锛屽緸鑰屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鈥滅劇铏曚笉鍦ㄧ殑瑷�(j矛)绠椻€濈悊蹇点€�2003骞�锛岀編鍦�⟪鎶€琛�(sh霉)瑭�(p铆ng)璜�⟫闆滃織璜栬堪鏈締鏂拌垐鍗佸ぇ鎶€琛�(sh霉)鏅�(sh铆)锛岀劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)琚垪鐐虹涓€銆傜編鍦�⟪浠婃棩闃插嫏(w霉)⟫闆滃織鏇磋獚(r猫n)鐐虹劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ拰鐧�(f膩)灞曞皣寮曡捣涓€鍫�(ch菐ng)鍔冩檪(sh铆)浠ｇ殑杌嶄簨鎶€琛�(sh霉)闈╁懡鍜屾湭渚嗘埌(zh脿n)鐖�(zh膿ng)鐨勮畩闈�?锛熸ⅱ鐏禔(y霉)瑷�(j矛)锛岀劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曞拰寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢紝灏囧皪(du矛)浜哄€戠殑绀炬渻(hu矛)鐢熸椿鍜岀敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)璁婇潻甯朵締妤靛ぇ鐨勫奖闊垮拰鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷法澶х殑鎺ㄥ嫊(d貌ng)銆� 鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)閲嶈鐗瑰緛灏辨槸浣庡姛鑰�銆佷綆鎴愭湰鍜屽皬楂旂⿳銆傚偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬寮﹁級娉㈢劇绶氬偝杓告妧琛�(sh霉)鐢变簬瀛樺湪涓牷銆佸皠闋荤瓑闆昏矾鍜屼竴浜涘浐鏈夌祫浠剁殑闄愬埗闆ｄ互閬�(d谩)鍒扮劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勮姹�銆傝秴瀵付閫氫俊鎶€琛�(sh霉)鏄竴绋潪鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勩€佹柊绌庣殑鐒＄窔鍌宠几鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屽畠閫氬父閲囩敤妤电獎鑴堟矕锛堣剤瀵湪绱嶇鑷崇毊绉掗噺绱�(j铆)锛夋垨妤靛鐨勯牷璀滐紙鐩稿皪(du矛)甯跺澶т簬20%鎴栫禃灏�(du矛)甯跺澶т簬500 MHz锛夊偝閫佷俊鎭�銆傜浉灏�(du矛)浜庡偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬寮﹁級娉㈤€氫俊绯荤当(t菕ng)锛岃秴瀵付鐒＄窔閫氫俊绯荤当(t菕ng)鍏锋湁楂樺偝杓搁€熺巼銆侀珮绌洪枔闋昏瓬鏁堢巼銆侀珮娓�(c猫)璺濈簿搴︺€佷綆鎴嵅姒傜巼銆佹姉澶氬緫骞叉摼銆佽垏鐝�(xi脿n)鏈夌郴绲�(t菕ng)闋昏瓬鍏变韩銆佷綆鍔熻€�銆佷綆鎴愭湰銆佹槗浜庡叏鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀寲绛夎澶氬劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)銆傞€欎簺鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)浣胯秴瀵付鐒＄窔鍌宠几鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍜岀劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)褰㈡垚澶╃劧鐨勭祼(ji茅)鍚�锛屼娇鍩轰簬瓒呭甯舵妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勭劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勭爺绌跺拰闁嬬櫦(f膩)寰楀埌瓒婁締瓒婂鐨勯棞(gu膩n)娉�銆� 1 鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌) 鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鏄竴绋壒娈婄殑鑷祫绻旓紙Ad-hoc锛夌恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽彲鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬甯冪窔鍜岄浕婧愪緵绲﹀洶闆ｇ殑鍗€(q奴)鍩�銆佷汉鍝′笉鑳藉埌閬�(d谩)鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩燂紙濡傚彈鍒版薄鏌�銆佺挵(hu谩n)澧冧笉鑳借鐮村鎴栨暤灏�(du矛)鍗€(q奴)鍩燂級鍜屼竴浜涜嚚鏅�(sh铆)鍫�(ch菐ng)鍚堬紙濡傜櫦(f膩)鐢熻嚜鐒剁伣(z膩i)瀹虫檪(sh铆)锛屽浐瀹氶€氫俊缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)琚牬澹烇級銆傚畠涓嶉渶瑕佸浐瀹氱恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鏀寔锛屽叿鏈夊揩閫熷睍闁�锛屾姉姣€鎬у挤(qi谩ng)绛夌壒榛�(di菐n)锛屽彲寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬杌嶄簨銆佸伐 妤�(y猫)銆佷氦閫氥€佺挵(hu谩n)淇濈瓑闋�(l菒ng)鍩�銆� 鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勫吀鍨嬪伐浣滄柟寮忓涓嬶細浣跨敤椋涜鍣ㄥ皣澶ч噺鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鎷嬫拻鍒版劅鑸堣叮鍗€(q奴)鍩�锛岀瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)閫氶亷鑷祫绻斿揩閫熷舰鎴愪竴鍊�(g猫)鐒＄窔缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)銆傜瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鏃㈡槸淇℃伅鐨勯噰闆嗗拰鐧�(f膩)鍑鸿€�锛屼篃鍏呯暥(d膩ng)淇℃伅鐨勮矾鐢辫€�锛岄噰闆嗙殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閫氶亷澶氳烦璺敱鍒伴仈(d谩)缍�(w菐ng)闂�(gu膩n)銆傜恫(w菐ng)闂�(gu膩n) 锛堜竴浜涙枃鐛�(xi脿n)绋卞叾鐐篠ink Node锛夋槸涓€鍊�(g猫)鐗规畩鐨勭瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)锛屽彲浠ラ€氶亷Internet銆佺Щ鍕�(d貌ng)閫氫俊缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)銆佽(w猫i)鏄熺瓑鑸囩洠(ji膩n)鎺т腑蹇冮€氫俊锛屼篃鍙互鍒╃敤鐒′汉姗�(j墨)椋涜秺缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)涓婄┖锛岄€氶亷缍�(w菐ng)闂�(gu膩n)閲囬泦鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)銆� 1.1 缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)楂旂郴绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) 鍦�1绲﹀嚭浜嗕竴鍊�(g猫)鍏稿瀷鐨勭劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽寘鎷垎甯冨紡鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)锛堢兢锛�銆佹帴鏀剁櫦(f膩)閫佸櫒锛圫ink锛夈€佷簰鑱�(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)锛堟垨琛�(w猫i)鏄熺瓑锛夊拰浠诲嫏(w霉)绠＄悊鐣岄潰 绛塠1]銆傚叾涓�锛屽偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)濡傚湒2鎵€绀�锛屽熀鏈祫鎴愬寘鎷�4鍊�(g猫)鍩烘湰鍠厓锛氬偝鎰熷柈鍏冿紙鐢卞偝鎰熷櫒鍜屾ā鏁�(sh霉)杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涘姛鑳芥ā濉婄祫鎴愶級銆佽檿鐞嗗柈鍏冿紙鍖呮嫭CPU銆佸瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍣ㄥ拰宓屽叆寮忔搷浣滅郴绲�(t菕ng)绛夛級銆佺劇绶氶€氫俊鍠厓浠ュ強闆绘簮銆傚彟澶�锛屽彲浠ラ伕鎿囩殑鍏朵粬鍔熻兘鍠厓鏈夛細闆绘簮鑷緵闆荤郴绲�(t菕ng)銆佸畾浣嶇郴绲�(t菕ng)绛夈€� 灏�(du矛)浜庣劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)渚嗚锛屽叾缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)楂旂郴绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓嶅悓浜庡偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楁(j墨)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍜岄€氫俊缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)銆傚湒3绲﹀嚭浜嗕竴绋劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勯珨绯荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀敱鍒嗗堡鐨勭恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)閫氫俊鍗�(xi茅)璀板拰鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)绠＄悊妯″绲勬垚銆傚垎灞ょ殑缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)閫氫俊鍗�(xi茅)璀扮敱鐗╃悊灞�銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閺堣矾灞�銆佺恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)灞ゃ€佸偝杓稿堡鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ堡绲勬垚锛涚恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)绠＄悊妯″鍖呮嫭鑳介噺绠＄悊銆佹嫇?f霉)娑旇娋鎬碱敺os鎺у埗銆佺Щ鍕�(d貌ng)鎬х鐞嗗拰缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)瀹夊叏绛夈€� 2 缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐮旂┒閫�(j矛n)灞曞拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ墠鏅� 鍦ㄧ編鍦嬭粛鏂�銆佺編鍦嬪湅瀹惰嚜鐒剁瀛�(xu茅)鍩洪噾鍜屼竴浜涜法鍦嬩紒妤�(y猫)鐨勬敮鎸佷笅锛岀編鍦嬪湪90骞翠唬鍒濅究闁嬪睍浜嗙劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勭爺绌跺拰闁嬬櫦(f膩)銆傚叾涓�锛屽叿鏈変唬琛ㄦ€х殑闋�(xi脿ng)鐩寘鎷細1993-1999骞撮枔鐢辩編鍦嬪湅闃查珮绱�(j铆)鐮旂┒瑷�(j矛)鍔冪讲锛圖ARPA锛夎硣鍔�锛屽姞宸炲ぇ瀛�(xu茅)娲涙潐纾垎鏍★紙UCLA锛夋壙鎿�(d膩n)鐨刉INS闋�(xi脿ng)鐩�锛�1999-2001骞撮枔鐢盌APRA璩囧姪锛孶C Berkeley鎵挎摂(d膩n)鐨凷mart Dust闋�(xi脿ng)鐩�锛�1998-2002骞碊ARPA璩囧姪锛屽姞宸炲ぇ瀛�(xu茅)浼厠鍒╁垎鏍＄瓑25鍊�(g猫)姗�(j墨)妲�(g貌u)鑱�(li谩n)鍚堟壙鎿�(d膩n)鐨凷ensIT瑷�(j矛)鍔冿紱1999-2004骞撮枔娴疯粛鐮旂┒杈﹀叕瀹ょ殑SeaWeb瑷�(j矛)鍔冪瓑銆傜洰鍓嶇偤姝�锛屽凡闁嬬櫦(f膩)鐨勭劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鏈夛細Berkeley Motes銆丅erkeley Piconodes銆丼ensoria WINS銆� MIT uAMPs銆丼mart Mesh Dust Mote銆両ntel iMote浠ュ強Intel Xscale Nodes绛�銆備笉鍚岀殑绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)閲濆皪(du矛)涓嶅悓鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ牬(ch菐ng)鍚�锛岀‖浠跺ぇ灏忋€佸姛鑰�銆佽ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)浠ｅ児(ji脿)涔熶笉鐩＄浉鍚�锛屼絾澶ч儴鍒嗙殑绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)閮芥敮鎸乀inyOS鎿嶄綔绯荤当(t菕ng)銆傝繎骞翠締锛屽湪涓湅鍦嬪鑷劧绉戝(xu茅)鍩洪噾銆佸湅瀹垛€�863鈥濊▓(j矛)鍔冨熀閲戠殑鏀寔涓嬶紝涓湅鐨勪竴浜涚爺绌舵(j墨)妲�(g貌u)涔熼枊濮嬮枊灞曠劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺殑鐮旂┒锛屽寘鎷腑鍦嬬瀛�(xu茅)鎶€琛�(sh霉)澶у(xu茅)銆佹竻鑿ぇ瀛�(xu茅)銆佷腑绉戦櫌瑷�(j矛)绠楁墍銆佷笂娴峰井绯荤当(t菕ng)鎵€銆佹矆闄借嚜鍕�(d貌ng)鍖栨墍浠ュ強鍚堣偉鏅鸿兘鎵€绛夌爺绌跺柈浣嶃€� 鍦嬪収(n猫i)澶栫爺绌舵(j墨)妲�(g貌u)绱涚礇闁嬪睍鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勭爺绌�锛屽畬鍏ㄦ鍔熶簬鍏跺唬闂婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ墠鏅拰灏�(du矛)绀炬渻(hu矛)鐢熸椿鐨勫法澶у奖闊�銆傜附绲�(ji茅)姝哥磵浜嗙劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)娼涘湪鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ牁(l菒ng)鍩�銆� 鍩轰簬瓒呭甯舵妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勭劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勪富瑕佸劒(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛) 鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍏锋湁寤ｉ棅鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ墠鏅�锛屼絾鏄偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬寮﹁級娉㈤€氫俊鐢变簬鍏跺浐鏈夌殑绲勬垚浠ュ強涓€浜涚劇娉曞厠鏈嶇殑缂洪櫡鐒℃硶婊胯冻鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)浣庢垚鏈€佷綆鍔熻€�銆佷綆瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)寰�(f霉)闆滃害銆佹姉骞叉摼绛夋柟闈㈢殑瑕佹眰銆傝秴瀵付鑴堟矕鐒＄窔闆绘妧琛�(sh霉)鏄繎骞翠締鐧�(f膩)灞曡繀鐚�锛屽倷鍙楀伐妤�(y猫)鐣屽拰瀛�(xu茅)琛�(sh霉)鐣岄棞(gu膩n)娉ㄧ殑鏂板瀷閫氫俊鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屽叿鍌欎簡瑷卞姝ｅ鸡杓夋尝閫氫俊鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐒℃硶姣旀摤鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)锛岃兘澶�?y脿n)闂妎绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鎻愪緵楂樻晥鍚堢悊鐨勯€氫俊鍌宠几鎵嬫銆� 2.1 鏀剁櫦(f膩)淇℃(j墨)鍜岀‖浠堕浕璺垚鏈�銆佸姛鑰�銆佽ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)寰�(f霉)闆滃害浣� 瓒呭甯堕€氫俊鎶€琛�(sh霉)鏄竴绋潪鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勩€佹柊绌庣殑鐒＄窔鍌宠几鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛岄噰鐢ㄦサ绐勮剤娌栨垨妤靛鐨勯牷璀滃偝閫佷俊鎭�銆傛暣鍊�(g猫)鏀剁櫦(f膩)淇℃(j墨)涓嶅惈鏈夊偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勪腑闋诲拰灏勯牷闆昏矾锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)浠ｅ児(ji脿)绨�(ji菐n)鍠�锛屾垚鏈拰鍔熻€椾篃閬�(yu菐n)閬�(yu菐n)浣庝簬鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勬寮﹁級娉㈤€氫俊绯荤当(t菕ng)銆傛墍浠ワ紝鍩轰簬瓒呭甯舵妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勭劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍙互寰堝ソ鐨勮В姹哄偝绲�(t菕ng)鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)涓棞(gu膩n)浜庨珨绌�銆佹垚鏈拰鍔熻€楃殑闆ｉ锛岀壒鍒ラ仼鍚堜簬寰皬鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)瑕佹眰銆傚彟澶�锛岃秴瀵付鐒＄窔閫氫俊鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍦ㄧ煭璺濋洟鐨勯珮鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几鑳藉姏锛屼篃鐐轰竴浜涚恫(w菐ng)闂�(gu膩n)绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鍌宠几澶ч噺鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍜屾彁渚涘(sh铆)鏅�(sh铆)澶氬獟楂旀キ(y猫)鍕�(w霉)鎻愪緵浜嗕究鍒┿€傝秴瀵付锛圲WB锛夊拰鍏朵粬涓€浜涘偝绲�(t菕ng)浣庡姛鑰楃劇绶氶€氫俊妯″锛堝钘�(l谩n)鐗�銆乑igbee銆乀R绯诲垪绛夛級鐩告瘮锛屽偝杓告瘡姣旂壒淇℃伅UWB鐨勫姛鑰楅仩(yu菐n)閬�(yu菐n)浣庝簬鍏朵粬鐒＄窔閫氫俊鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆� 2.2 绌洪枔鍌宠几瀹归噺澶� 鍦ㄧ瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)瀵嗗害楂樼殑鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)涓�锛岄€氫俊鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勭┖闁撳偝杓稿閲忔槸涓€鍊�(g猫)闈炲父閲嶈鐨勫洜绱犮€傚氨鍠綅闈㈢⿳鐨勫偝杓稿閲忚€岃█锛岃秴瀵付鎶€琛�(sh霉)閬�(yu菐n)閬�(yu菐n)楂樹簬鍏朵粬鐭窛闆㈢劇绶氶€氫俊銆傚洜姝わ紝浠ヨ秴瀵付鎶€琛�(sh霉)浣滅偤閫氫俊鍌宠几鎵嬫锛屾洿鍔犻仼鍚堜簬绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)瀵嗛泦鐨勭劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)銆� 2.3 澶氬緫鍒嗚鲸鑳藉姏寮�(qi谩ng) 鐢变簬甯歌(gu墨)鐒＄窔閫氫俊鐨勫皠闋讳俊铏�(h脿o)澶у鐐洪€ｇ簩(x霉)淇¤櫉(h脿o)鎴栧叾鎸佺簩(x霉)鏅�(sh铆)闁撻仩(yu菐n)澶т簬澶氬緫鍌虫挱鏅�(sh铆)闁�锛屽寰戝偝鎾晥鎳�(y墨ng)闄愬埗浜嗛€氫俊璩�(zh矛)閲忓拰鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几閫熺巼銆傜敱浜庤秴瀵付鐒＄窔闆荤櫦(f膩)灏勭殑鏄寔绾�(x霉)鏅�(sh铆)闁撴サ鐭殑鍠懆鏈熻剤娌栦笖鍗犵┖姣旀サ浣�锛屽寰戜俊铏�(h脿o)鍦ㄦ檪(sh铆)闁撲笂鏄彲鍒嗛洟鐨�銆傜敱浜庤剤娌栧寰戜俊铏�(h脿o)鍦ㄦ檪(sh铆)闁撲笂涓嶉噸鐤婏紝寰堝鏄撳垎闆㈠嚭澶氬緫鍒嗛噺浠ュ厖鍒嗗埄鐢ㄧ櫦(f膩)灏勪俊铏�(h脿o)鐨勮兘閲�銆� 澶ч噺鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)琛ㄦ槑锛屽皪(du矛)甯歌(gu墨)鐒＄窔闆讳俊铏�(h脿o)澶氬緫琛拌惤娣遍仈(d谩)10锝�30 dB 鐨勫寰戠挵(hu谩n)澧冿紝灏�(du矛)瓒呭甯剁劇绶氶浕淇¤櫉(h脿o)鐨勮“钀芥渶澶氫笉閬�5dB銆傚皪(du矛)澶氬緫鐨勯珮鍒嗚鲸鑳藉姏锛屼笉鍍呬娇鍩轰簬瓒呭甯舵妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勭劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)閬╁悎浜庡京(f霉)闆滄儭鍔ｇ殑澶氬緫鐠�(hu谩n)澧冿紝涔熺瘈(ji茅)鐪佷簡鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几?sh霉)鍝姲绻恜鑰�銆� 2.4 鎶楀共鎿捐兘鍔涘挤(qi谩ng)锛屽畨鍏ㄦ€ч珮 瓒呭甯剁劇绶氶€氫俊鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐢变簬鑴堟矕鐨勪綆鍗犵┖姣斿拰澶氬€�(g猫)鑴堟矕鍌抽€佷竴鍊�(g猫)姣旂壒淇℃伅锛屽付渚嗕簡杓冮珮鐨勮檿鐞嗗鐩�锛屾彁楂樹簡閫氫俊绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬姉骞叉摼鑳藉姏锛岄仼鍚堜簬闆荤鐠�(hu谩n)澧冩儭鍔ｇ殑鎯呮硜涓嬬殑淇℃伅鍌宠几銆傚彟澶�锛岀敱浜嶶WB淇¤櫉(h脿o)涓€鑸妸淇¤櫉(h脿o)鑳介噺褰屾暎鍦ㄦサ瀵殑闋诲付鑼冨湇鍏�(n猫i)锛屽皪(du矛)涓€鑸€氫俊绯荤当(t菕ng)锛孶WB淇¤櫉(h脿o)鐩哥暥(d膩ng)浜庣櫧鍣伈淇¤櫉(h脿o)锛屼俊铏�(h脿o)鐨勫姛鐜囪瓬瀵嗗害鐢氳嚦浣庝簬鑷劧鐨勭挵(hu谩n)澧冨櫔鑱查浕骞�锛岃鎴嵅鍜屾娓�(c猫)鐨勬鐜囧緢浣庛€傞噰鐢ㄧ法纰煎皪(du矛)鑴堟矕鍙冩暩(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛屽伣闅ㄦ(j墨)鍖栧悗锛岃剤娌栫殑妾㈡脯(c猫)灏囨洿鍔犲洶闆�銆傞€欏€�(g猫)椤憲鍎�(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)涔熺偤杌嶄簨鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鎻愪緵浜嗚壇濂界殑淇濆瘑鎬ц兘銆俇WB鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勪綆鍔熺巼璀滃瘑搴﹀拰楂樿檿鐞嗗鐩婄壒鎬э紝涔熶繚璀変簡瀹冨叿鍌欒壇濂界殑鍚岄牷甯跺叡瀛樿兘鍔�锛屽彲浠ュ緢濂界殑瑙ｆ焙鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍦ㄥ京(f霉)闆滅挵(hu谩n)澧冧笅鐨勯浕纾佸吋瀹瑰晱椤�銆� 2.5 娓�(c猫)璺濆畾浣嶇簿搴﹂珮 绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鐨勬簴(zh菙n)纰哄畾浣嶆槸鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑閲嶈姊濅欢銆傜嵅寰楃瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)浣嶇疆鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)鐩存帴鎯虫硶鏄娇鐢ㄥ叏鐞冨畾浣嶇郴绲�(t菕ng)锛圙PS锛変締瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屼絾鏄湪鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)涓娇鐢℅PS渚嗙嵅寰楁墍鏈夌瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鐨勪綅缃彈鍒板児(ji脿)鏍�銆侀珨绌嶃€佸姛鑰楃瓑鍥犵礌闄愬埗锛屽瓨鍦ㄨ憲涓€浜涘洶闆�锛屽彟澶朑PS涔熷緢闆ｆ噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬瀹ゅ収(n猫i)鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)銆傝秴瀵付鐒＄窔闆讳腑鑴堟矕瀵害鐐虹磵绉掔礆(j铆)锛堢敋鑷充簽绱嶇绱�(j铆)锛�锛屽崰鐢ㄧ殑甯跺鍦�1GHz浠ヤ笂锛屽叿鍌欏帢绫崇礆(j铆)鐨勭浉灏�(du矛)瀹氫綅鑳藉姏銆傚湅澶栦竴浜涘叕鍙哥偤杌嶆柟闁嬬櫦(f膩)鍩轰簬瓒呭甯舵妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勯€氫俊/瀹氫綅绯荤当(t菕ng)锛孖EEE 802.15.4a宸ヤ綔绲勪篃姝ｅ湪閫�(j矛n)琛屼綆閫熺劇绶氬€�(g猫)鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鐗╃悊灞ょ殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍖栧伐浣�锛屼富瑕佺爺绌惰兘鍦ㄦサ浣庡姛鐜囨秷鑰楁儏娉佷笅鍚屾檪(sh铆)鎻愪緵閫氫俊鍜岄珮绮惧害娓�(c猫)璺�/ 瀹氫綅鑳藉姏鐨勮В姹烘柟妗堬紝UWB鎶€琛�(sh霉)姝ｆ槸鍏朵富瑕佺殑鍌欓伕鏂规銆� 缍滀笂鎵€杩�锛屽熀浜嶶WB鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勭劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍦ㄨ澶氭柟闈㈠叿鍌欏緱澶╃崹(d煤)鍘氱殑鍎�(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)锛屽皣鎴愮偤涓嬩竴浠ｇ劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勭爺绌剁啽榛�(di菐n)鍜岀櫦(f膩)灞曟柟鍚�銆� 3 瓒呭甯剁劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸垫妧琛�(sh霉) 鐮旂┒鍩轰簬瓒呭甯舵妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勭劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鏅�(sh铆)锛岄櫎浜嗙劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勯€氱敤闂�(gu膩n)閸垫妧琛�(sh霉)锛岄倓闇€瑕侀棞(gu膩n)娉ㄤ笅闈竴浜涚啽榛�(di菐n)鍟忛锛氶仼鐢ㄤ簬鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨刄WB鐒＄窔鍌宠几鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛岃垏UWB鐩哥祼(ji茅)鍚堣€冩叜鐨勭劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒MAC鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛屽埄鐢ㄥ畾浣嶄俊鎭殑璺敱鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛岄珮绮惧害娓�(c猫)璺濆畾浣嶆柟娉曪紝璺ㄥ堡瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鏂规硶绛�銆� 3.1瓒呭甯跺偝杓告妧琛�(sh霉) 鑰冩叜鍒扮劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ挵(hu谩n)澧�锛屼綆鍔熻€椾綆鎴愭湰鏄ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勯噸瑕佸晱椤屻€傛墍浠�锛岃绲�(ji茅)鍚堢劇绶氬偝鎰熺恫(w菐ng)鐨勮姹�锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍚堥仼鐨刄WB鍌宠几鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛岄噸榛�(di菐n)鐮旂┒绨�(ji菐n)鍠�銆佷綆鍔熻€楃殑瑾�(di脿o)鍒惰В瑾�(di脿o)鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屼綆鎴愭湰銆佸皬楂旂⿳鐨勬敹鐧�(f膩)淇℃(j墨)锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍚堢悊鐨勯€氫俊/瀹氫綅涓€楂斿寲瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)銆傜稖鍚堜互涓婂洜绱�锛岄潪鐩稿共鏂瑰紡鐨刄WB鐒＄窔鍌宠几鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍙互鎴愮偤涓€鍊�(g猫)寰堝ソ鐨勫倷閬告柟妗堛€� 3.2 濯掗珨瑷晱鎺у埗鍗�(xi茅)璀� 鐒＄窔鍌虫劅缍�(w菐ng)鐮旂┒鐨勬牳蹇冨晱椤屼箣涓€灏辨槸鍔熻€楃鐞�銆傚皠闋绘ā濉婃槸绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)涓渶澶х殑鑰楄兘妯″锛屾槸鍎�(y艒u)鍖栫殑涓昏鐩(bi膩o)銆傚獟楂旇í鍟忔帶鍒讹紙MAC锛夊崝(xi茅)璀扮洿鎺ユ帶鍒跺皠闋绘ā濉�锛屽皪(du矛)绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鍔熻€楁湁寰堝ぇ鐨勫奖闊裤€傚偝鎰熷櫒绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鐨勭劇鏁堝姛鑰椾富瑕佷締鑷細绌洪枒鍋佃伣銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)娌栫獊銆佷覆?d膩ng)_锛堟帴鏀跺拰铏曠悊鐧�(f膩)寰€鍏朵粬绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛夋帶鍒跺牨(b脿o)鏂囬枊閵风瓑銆侻AC鍗�(xi茅)璀板湪闄嶄綆鍔熻€楁柟闈富瑕侀噰鐢ㄧ殑鏂规硶鏈夋笡灏戞暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)娴侀噺锛屽鍔犲皠闋绘ā濉婁紤鐪犳檪(sh铆)闁撳拰娌栫獊閬垮厤绛夌瓑銆� Sensor-MAC銆乀imeout-MAC銆乄ise-MAC銆丅erkley-MAC鍜孌ata-gathering MAC鏄洰鍓嶇劇绶氬偝鎰熺恫(w菐ng)姣旇純鏈変唬琛ㄦ€х殑MAC鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆傚彟澶栵紝浣庢垚鏈�銆佷綆鍔熻€�銆佷綆鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐜囩殑鐒＄窔浜掕伅(li谩n)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)IEEE 802.15.4涔熷皪(du矛)MAC鍗�(xi茅)璀板仛浜嗚┏绱�(x矛)鐨勮(gu墨)鑼冦€� 瓒呭甯剁劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍙互寰濽WB鍩烘湰鐨勪俊閬撳妰鍒嗘柟寮忓叆鎵�锛屽埄鐢ㄨ秴瀵付鐒＄窔闆荤殑澶氬潃鏂瑰紡锛堣烦鏅�(sh铆)澶氬潃绛夛級锛岀祼(ji茅)鍚堜笂杩扮殑鐝�(xi脿n)鏈塎AC鍗�(xi茅)璀帮紝骞惰€冩叜UWB鎶€琛�(sh霉)鑷韩鐨勫畾浣嶅姛鑳�锛岀爺绌朵綆鍔熻€�銆佸垎甯冨紡銆佸悇鏂归潰鎬ц兘姣旇純骞宠　鐨凪AC鍗�(xi茅)璀般€� 3.3 璺敱鍗�(xi茅)璀� 璺敱鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑浠诲嫏(w霉)鏄湪鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鍜屾帴鏀剁櫦(f膩)閫佺瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)涔嬮枔寤虹珛璺敱锛屽彲闈犲湴鍌抽仦鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)銆傜敱浜庣劇绶氬偝鎰熺恫(w菐ng)璩囨簮鍙楅檺锛屽洜姝よ矾鐢卞崝(xi茅)璀扮殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍘熷墖鏄畻娉曠啊(ji菐n)鍠�锛屼笉鑳藉湪绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)淇濆瓨澶鐨勭媭鎱�(t脿i)淇℃伅锛岀瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)闁撲笉鑳戒氦鎻涘お澶氱殑璺敱淇℃伅銆傜洰鍓嶆湁浠ｈ〃鎬х殑璺敱鍗�(xi茅)璀板寘鎷現looding/Gossiping鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆丼PIN鍗�(xi茅)璀般€佸畾 鍚戞摯(ku貌)鏁ｅ崝(xi茅)璀�銆丩EACH鍗�(xi茅)璀板拰TEEN鍗�(xi茅)璀扮瓑銆傚彲浠ョ祼(ji茅)鍚圲WB鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勭簿纰哄畾浣嶈兘鍔�锛屽埄鐢ㄤ綅缃俊鎭皣鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)涓綁(zhu菐n)鍒扮洰妯�(bi膩o)鍗€(q奴)鍩�锛屽緸鑰屼笉蹇呯偤浜嗘壘鍒扮洰妯�(bi膩o)绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)鍚戝叏缍�(w菐ng)寤ｆ挱鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)銆傚彟澶栵紝鍒╃敤绡€(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)闁撶殑鐩稿皪(du矛)璺濋洟锛屽彲浠ョ偤鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍫�(b脿o)閬告搰鏇寸瘈(ji茅)鐪佽兘閲忕殑璺緫銆� 3.4 楂樼簿搴︽脯(c猫)璺濆畾浣嶆妧琛�(sh霉) 鏍规摎(j霉)瀹氫綅姗�(j墨)鍒讹紝鍙皣鐝�(xi脿n)鏈夌殑鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鑷韩瀹氫綅绠楁硶鍒嗙偤鍏╅锛歊ange-based鍜孯ange-free锛屽嵆鍩轰簬娓�(c猫)璺濇妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勫畾浣嶇畻娉� 鍜岀劇闇€娓�(c猫)璺濈殑瀹氫綅绠楁硶銆傚墠鑰呴€氶亷娓�(c猫)閲忕瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)闁撻粸(di菐n)鍒伴粸(di菐n)鐨勮窛闆㈡垨鑰呰搴︿俊鎭紝浣跨敤涓夐倞娓�(c猫)閲忔硶銆佷笁瑙掓脯(c猫)閲忔硶鎴栨渶澶т技鐒朵及瑷�(j矛)娉曡▓(j矛)绠楃瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)浣嶇疆锛涘悗鑰呯劇闇€璺濋洟鍜岃搴︿俊鎭紝鍍呮牴鎿�(j霉)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)閫ｉ€氭€х瓑淇℃伅瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)銆傜劇闇€娓�(c猫)璺濆畾浣嶆(j墨)鍒跺湪鎴愭湰銆佸姛鑰楃瓑鏂归潰鍏锋湁鍎�(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)锛屼絾绮惧害杓冧綆锛屼富瑕佺畻娉曞寘鎷唱(zh矛)蹇冪畻娉�銆佸嚫瑕�(gu墨)鍔冪畻娉�銆丏V-Hop銆丄morphous銆丮DS-MAP鍜孉PIT绠楁硶绛�銆俇WB鑴堟矕鐨勫搴﹀湪1ns浠ヤ笅锛屽崰鐢ㄧ殑甯跺鍦�1GHz浠ヤ笂锛岄噰鐢ㄦ檪(sh铆)闁撳埌閬�(d谩)锛圱OA锛夋柟娉曟脯(c猫)璺濓紝鐞嗚珫涓婂彲浠ラ仈(d谩)鍒板帢绫崇礆(j铆)鐨勬脯(c猫)璺濈簿搴3]銆備絾鍦ㄥ京(f霉)闆滃寰戝拰闈炶璺濓紙NLOS锛夌殑褰遍熆涓�锛孶WB鐨勬脯(c猫)璺濆拰瀹氫綅绮惧害寰堥洠閬�(d谩)鍒扮悊璜栨サ闄�锛岄伕鎿囨€ц兘浠ｅ児(ji脿)姣旈珮鐨勫畾浣嶆(j墨)鍒跺拰绡€(ji茅)鐪佽兘鑰楃殑瀹氫綅璺熻工绠楁硶鏄洰鍓嶆€ラ渶瑙ｆ焙鐨勫晱椤屻€傞€氶亷绲�(ji茅)鍚圡AC鍜岃矾鐢卞崝(xi茅)璀扮殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)锛屽彲瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鐒＄窔鍌虫劅鍣ㄧ恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)楂樼簿搴︾殑娓�(c猫)璺�銆佸畾浣嶅拰璺熻工銆� 3.5 鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇鍎�(y艒u)鍖栧拰璺ㄥ堡瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鎬濊矾 鍦ㄤ繚璀変竴瀹氱殑绯荤当(t菕ng)閫氫俊鎬ц兘锛堝偝杓搁€熺巼銆佸欢閬�銆佷笩鍖呯巼绛夛級鐨勫墠鎻愪笅锛屽劒(y艒u)鍖栫殑鍗�(xi茅)璀版＇瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鏈�(hu矛)鐩存帴鏀寔缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鑳介噺绠＄悊鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍖�銆傜劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勫崝(xi茅)璀版＇鍎�(y艒u)鍖栧繀闋堥嚌灏�(du矛)涓嶅悓鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ挵(hu谩n)澧�锛岀祼(ji茅)鍚堝閷�(cu貌)鎬с€佹姉骞叉摼鎬у拰鍔熻€楃瓑闂�(gu膩n)閸垫寚妯�(bi膩o)鐨勮姹傞€�(j矛n)琛屽叏灞€璺ㄥ堡瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)銆傚湪鐮旂┒瓒呭甯剁劇绶氬偝鎰熺恫(w菐ng)鐨勯珨绯荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏅�(sh铆)锛岃鏍规摎(j霉)瀵�(sh铆)闅涚殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ牬(ch菐ng)鍚�锛岃€冩叜UWB鐒＄窔闆荤殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛岀祼(ji茅)鍚堟暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏀堕泦銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)铻嶅悎銆佺洰妯�(bi膩o)瀹氫綅/璺熻工浠ュ強鏌ヨ鍜岀鐞嗙瓑鍏烽珨瑕佹眰锛屾帰绱㈠叿鏈夎嚜绲勭箶銆佸垎甯冨紡鍜岃法灞ゅ劒(y艒u)鍖栬兘鍔涚殑瓒呭甯剁劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)楂旂郴銆� 4 绲�(ji茅)鏉熻獮 UWB鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍜岀劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鏄叐鍊�(g猫)鏂拌垐鐨勭啽榛�(di菐n)鐮旂┒瑾查锛屽叐鑰呭彲浠ュ舰鎴愬ぉ鐒剁殑绲�(ji茅)鍚�?锛涱媱璧╓B鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勭劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍏峰倷涓€浜涘偝绲�(t菕ng)鐒＄窔鍌虫劅缍�(w菐ng)鐒℃硶姣旀摤鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)锛屽皣鎴愮偤涓嬩竴浠ｇ劇绶氬偝鎰熷櫒缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曟柟鍚�锛屽叿鍌欏唬闂婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ墠鏅�銆�